Editing Tove Jansson

{{good article}}
{{short description|Finnish writer and illustrator (1914–2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name         = Tove Jansson
| image        = Tove Jansson with flower crown 001.tiff
| caption      = {{c.|1970}}
| birth_name   = Tove Marika Jansson
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1914|8|9|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Helsinki]], [[Grand Duchy of Finland]], Russian Empire
| death_date   = {{death date and age|2001|6|27|1914|8|9|df=y}}
| death_place  = Helsinki, Finland
| language     = [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
| occupation   = Artist, writer
| notableworks = ''[[Moomins|The Moomins]]''<br />''[[The Summer Book]]''
| partner      = [[Tuulikki Pietilä]]
| parents      = [[Viktor Jansson]] <br/>[[Signe Hammarsten-Jansson]]
| relations    = [[Per Olov Jansson]] {{small|(brother)}}<br/>[[Lars Jansson (cartoonist)|Lars Jansson]] {{small|(brother)}}<br/>[[Einar Hammarsten]] {{small|(uncle)}}<br/>[[Sophia Jansson]] {{small|(niece)}}
| awards       = {{awd|[[Hans Christian Andersen Award]]<!-- for Writing --> |1966}} {{awd|[[Order of the Smile]] |1975}} {{awd|[[Pro Finlandia]] |1976}}
| signature    = Tove Jansson signature.svg
}}
'''Tove Marika Jansson''' ({{small|Fenno-}}{{IPA|sv|ˈtuːve ˈjɑːnsːon|lang|Sv-Tove_Jansson.ogg}}; 9 August 1914 – 27 June 2001) was a [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] [[Finland|Finnish]] author, novelist, painter, [[illustrator]] and [[comic strip]] author. Brought up by artistic parents, Jansson studied art from 1930 to 1938 in [[Helsinki]], [[Stockholm]], and [[Paris]]. She held her first solo art exhibition in 1943. Over the same period, she penned short stories and articles for publication, and subsequently drew illustrations for book covers, advertisements, and postcards. She continued her work as an artist and writer for the rest of her life.

Jansson wrote the ''[[Moomins|Moomin]]'' novel series for children, starting with the 1945 ''[[The Moomins and the Great Flood]]''. The following two books, ''[[Comet in Moominland]]'' and ''[[Finn Family Moomintroll]]'', published in 1946 and 1948 respectively, were highly successful, and sales of the first book increased correspondingly. For her work as a children's author she received the [[Hans Christian Andersen Medal]] in 1966;<!--<ref name=andersen/><ref name=ibby-jansson/>--> among her many later awards was the [[Selma Lagerlöf Prize]] in 1992.<!--<ref name=wsoy/>--> Her Moomin stories have been adapted for the theatre, the cinema, and as an opera.

She held a solo exhibition of paintings in 1955, and five more between 1960 and 1970. She carried out several commissions for [[mural]]s in public buildings around Finland between 1945 and 1984. She created the illustrations both for her own books and for classics including ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit]]''. 

Starting with the semi-autobiographical {{lang|sv|Bildhuggarens dotter}} (''Sculptor's Daughter'') in 1968, Jansson wrote six novels, including the admired<ref name="Westin">{{cite book |last=Westin |first=Boel |title=Tove Jansson - Ord, bild, liv |language=sv |trans-title=Tove Jansson – Words, Images, Life |publisher=[[Albert Bonniers Förlag|Albert Bonniers]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-51-501672-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF1gAgAAQBAJ&q=Sommarboken+Boel+Westin&pg=PT324}}</ref> {{lang|sv|Sommarboken}} (''[[The Summer Book]]''), and five short story collections for adults.

== Early life ==

[[File:Tove Jansson 1923.jpg|thumb|upright|Jansson in 1923]]

Tove Jansson was born in [[Helsinki]], in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]], an autonomous part of the [[Russian Empire]] at the time. Her family, part of the [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] minority of [[Finland]], was an artistic one: her father, [[Viktor Jansson]], was a sculptor, and her mother, [[Signe Hammarsten-Jansson]], was a Swedish-born [[graphic designer]] and illustrator. Tove's siblings also became artists: [[Per Olov Jansson]] became a photographer and [[Lars Jansson (cartoonist)|Lars Jansson]] an author and cartoonist. Whilst their home was in [[Helsinki]], the family spent many of their summers in a rented cottage on one of the islands of [[Pellinki]] near [[Porvoo]], {{convert|50|km|abbr=in}} east of Helsinki;<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> The [[Söderskär Lighthouse]] island off Porvoo in the [[Gulf of Finland]] may have helped to inspire her later books, such as ''[[Moominpappa at Sea]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://helsinkithisweek.com/story/experience-silence-and-sea-nature-soderskar-lighthouse |title=Söderskär Lighthouse |date=3 July 2019 |website=Helsinki This Week |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126184031/https://helsinkithisweek.com/story/experience-silence-and-sea-nature-soderskar-lighthouse |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Jansson went to Finland's first co-educational school, {{lang|sv|[[Läroverket för gossar och flickor]]|italic=no}} in [[Helsinki]].<ref name="TJ">{{cite web |title=Tove Jansson |url=https://tovejansson.com/tovepedia/ |website=Tovejansson.com |access-date=5 December 2023 |quote=Läroverket för gossar och flickor (an educational institution for boys and girls), also known as Brobergska samskolan, Helsinki 1923–1930}}</ref> She then studied at [[Konstfack|Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design)]], in Stockholm in 1930–1933, the Graphic School of the [[Academy of Fine Arts (Finland)|Finnish Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1933–1937, and finally at {{lang|fr|L'École d'Adrien Holy|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|L'[[École des Beaux-Arts]]|italic=no}} in Paris in 1938.<ref name="Liukkonen">{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/tjansson.htm |title=Tove Jansson |last=Liukkonen |first=Petri |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916102623/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/tjansson.htm |archive-date=16 September 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her first solo exhibition was held in 1943.<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>

At age 14, Jansson wrote and illustrated her first picture book {{lang|sv|Sara och Pelle och [[Neck (water spirit)|näck]]ens [[Cephalopod|bläckfisk]]ar}} (''Sara and Pelle and Neptune's Children'').<ref name="biografiakeskus"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moomin.com/en/event/villain-moominhouse-archway-words-literary-festival-england/// |title=ArchWay With Words |website=ArchWayWithWords.co.uk |access-date=2017-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129185831/https://www.moomin.com/en/event/villain-moominhouse-archway-words-literary-festival-england/ |archive-date=29 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was not published until 1933. She also sold drawings that were published in magazines in the 1920s.<ref name="biografiakeskus">{{cite web |url=http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/english/?id=1395 |archive-date=7 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807230113/http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/english/?id=1395 |url-status=live |title=Jansson, Tove (1914–2001) |last=Ahola |first=Suvi |year=2008 |work=Biografiakeskus |publisher=[[Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura]] |translator-last=Fletcher |translator-first=Roderick  |access-date=4 February 2009 }}</ref>

In the 1930s Jansson made several trips to other European countries. She drew from these for her short stories and articles, which she also illustrated, and which were also published in magazines, periodicals and daily papers. During this period, Jansson also designed many book covers, adverts and postcards. Following her mother's example, she drew illustrations for ''[[Garm (magazine)|Garm]]'', a Finnish-Swedish political and [[satirical magazine]].<ref name=biografiakeskus />

== Work ==

=== Moomins ===

{{further|List of Moomin characters}}

[[File:Finn Family.png|thumb|upright|left|Cover of ''Finn Family Moomintroll'' (1948)]]

Jansson is principally known as the author of the Moomin books. Jansson created the [[Moomintroll]]s, a family who are white, round and smooth in appearance, with large snouts that make them vaguely resemble [[hippopotamus]]es. She first drew a deliberately ugly creature as a caricature of [[Immanuel Kant]], the philosopher; a kinder version became the Moomintroll.<ref name="Bosworth 2014"/> The first book, ''[[The Moomins and the Great Flood]]'', was published in 1945. Although the primary characters are Moominmamma and Moomintroll, most of the principal characters of later stories were only introduced in the next book, so ''The Moomins and the Great Flood'' is frequently considered a forerunner to the main series. The book was not a success, but the next two installments in the Moomin series, ''[[Comet in Moominland]]'' (1946) and ''[[Finn Family Moomintroll]]'' (1948), brought Jansson some fame.{{efn|The original title of ''Finn Family Moomintroll'', {{lang|sv|Trollkarlens Hatt}}, which would more literally be ''The Magician's Hat'' in English.}}<ref name="Bosworth 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26529309 |title=Tove Jansson: Love, war and the Moomins |last=Bosworth |first=Mark |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=13 March 2014 |accessdate=13 March 2014}}</ref>

The style of the Moomin books changed as time went by. The first books, written starting during the Second World War, up to ''[[Moominland Midwinter]]'' (1957), are adventure stories that include floods, comets and supernatural events.<ref name="Allardice 2019">{{Cite news |last=Allardice |first=Lisa |title='It is a religion': how the world went mad for Moomins |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/apr/06/it-is-a-religion-how-the-world-went-mad-for-moomins |date=2019-04-06 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2019-04-07 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ''The Moomins and the Great Flood'' deals with Moominmamma and Moomintroll's flight through a dark and scary forest, where they encounter various dangers. In ''Comet in Moominland'', a comet nearly destroys the Moominvalley. Some critics have considered this an [[allegory]] of [[nuclear weapons]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schoolfield |first=George C. |title=A history of Finland's literature |page=572 |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-8032-4189-3 }}</ref> ''Finn Family Moomintroll'' deals with adventures brought on by the discovery of a magician's hat.<ref name="Bosworth 2014"/> ''[[The Exploits of Moominpappa]]'' (1950) tells the story of Moominpappa's adventurous youth and cheerfully parodies the [[genre]] of [[memoir]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/introduction-to-moomin-books-the-exploits-of-moominpappa-1950/#20ecff28 | title=Introduction to Moomin books: The Exploits of Moominpappa, 1950 | date=21 December 2015 }}</ref> Finally, ''[[Moominsummer Madness]]'' (''Farlig midsommar'', 1955) is set in a theatre: the Moomins explore the empty building and perform Moominpappa's [[melodrama]].<ref name="Detweiler 2010">{{cite web |last=Detweiler |first=Katelyn |title=Moominsummer Madness Re-read |url=https://www.tor.com/2010/04/22/moominsummer-madness/ |website=[[Tor.com]] |access-date=3 December 2023 |date=22 April 2010}}</ref> 

''[[Moominland Midwinter]]'' marks a turning point in the series. Jansson described it as a book about “what it is like when things get difficult”: the story focuses on Moomintroll, who wakes up in the middle of the winter (Moomins hibernate from November to April), and has to cope with the strange and unfriendly world he finds.<ref name="Guardian Books 7 May 2020">{{cite news |title=My favourite book as a kid ... Moominland Midwinter by Tove Jansson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2020/may/07/my-favourite-book-as-a-kid-moominland-midwinter-by-tove-jansson |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Books 6 April 2019">{{cite news |title='It is a religion': how the world went mad for Moomins |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/apr/06/it-is-a-religion-how-the-world-went-mad-for-moomins |date=6 April 2019}}</ref> The short story collection ''[[Tales from Moominvalley]]'' (1962) and the novels ''[[Moominpappa at Sea]]'' (1965) and ''[[Moominvalley in November]]'' (1970) are serious and psychologically searching books, far removed from the light-heartedness and cheerful humor of ''Finn Family Moomintroll''.<ref name="Guardian Books 6 April 2019"/> ''Moominvalley in November'', in which the Moomin family themselves never appear, is especially sombre in tone, possibly in consequence of the death of Jansson's mother during the year that it was written. Because of this, it has been described as being a "textbook on letting go, being a mature orphan, existing spiritually alone".<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> Following this book, Jansson stated that she "couldn't go back and find that happy Moominvalley again" and so decided to stop writing the Moomin books.<ref name=Burr>{{cite news |last=Burr |first=Ty |title=Moomin Struck - Tove Jansson: 1914-2001 |url=https://ew.com/article/2001/07/27/moomin-struck/ |newspaper=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=25 November 2012 |date=27 July 2001 |archive-date=25 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725020417/https://ew.com/article/2001/07/27/moomin-struck/}}</ref>

In addition to the Moomin novels and short stories, Tove Jansson wrote and illustrated four  picture books: ''[[The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My]]'' (1952),<ref name="LOC 2014">{{cite web |last=Casper |first=Robert |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/catbird/2014/08/celebrating-tove-jansson/ |title=Celebrating Tove Jansson |publisher=Library of Congress |date=2014-08-11 |accessdate=2017-01-01}}</ref> ''[[Who will Comfort Toffle?]]'' (1960), ''[[The Dangerous Journey]]'' (1977) and ''[[An Unwanted Guest]]'' (1980). As the Moomins' fame grew, two of the original novels, ''Comet in Moominland'' and ''The Exploits of Moominpappa'', were revised{{efn|The first edition (1946) of ''Comet in Moominland'' echoed the threat to Finland of a Soviet takeover at that time. The 1956 and 1968 editions were edited as the threats changed. By 1968, that was nuclear war.<ref name="Markkanen 2016">{{cite journal |last=Markkanen |first=Tapio |title=Echoes of Cosmic Events and Global Politics in Moominvalley: Cosmic and Astronomical Sources of Incitement in Tove Jansson's Comet in Moominland |journal=Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum |date=2016 |volume=4 |issue=1 |doi=10.11590/abhps.2016.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref>}} by Jansson and republished.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jansson |first=Tove |title=Mumintrollet på kometjakt |date=1956 |publisher=Sörlins förlag |location=[[Vadstena]] |edition=2nd |language=Swedish}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jansson |first=Tove |title=Muminpappans memoarer |date=1956 |publisher=Geber |location=Stockholm |edition=2nd |language=Swedish}}</ref>

[[File:Tove Jansson 1956.jpg|thumb|Jansson in 1956 with Moomintroll dolls made by [[Atelier Fauni]] ]]
Critics have interpreted various Moomin characters as being inspired by real people, especially members of the author's family and close friends, and Jansson spoke in interviews about the backgrounds of, and possible models for, her characters.<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> The personality of Tuulikki Pietilä, Jansson's partner, inspired the character Too-Ticky in ''Moominland Midwinter'',<ref name="Liukkonen"/><ref name="biografiakeskus"/> while Moomintroll and [[Little My]] have been seen as psychological [[self-portrait]]s of the artist.<ref name="Liukkonen"/><ref name="biografiakeskus"/> <!--Jansson referred to Moomintroll as her alter-ego.(Karjalainen 2014, pn)--> The Moomins relate strongly to Jansson's own family – they were [[bohemianism|bohemian]] and lived close to nature. Jansson remained close to her mother until her mother's death in 1970; even after Tove had become an adult, the two often traveled together, and during her final years Signe lived with Tove part-time.<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> Moominpappa and Moominmamma are often seen as portraits of Jansson's parents.<ref name="Liukkonen"/><ref name="biografiakeskus"/>

=== Other writing ===
Jansson's first foray outside children's literature was ''[[Bildhuggarens dotter]]'' (''Sculptor's Daughter''), a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1968. She went on to write five more novels for adults, including {{lang|sv|Sommarboken}} (''[[The Summer Book]]'') and five collections of short stories. ''The Summer Book'' is the best known of her adult fiction; it describes the summer stay on an island of a young girl and her grandmother. The girl is modelled on her niece, [[Sophia Jansson]]; the girl's father on Sophia's father, Lars Jansson; and the grandmother on Tove's mother Signe.<ref name="Westin"/>

===Wartime satire in ''Garm'' magazine===

[[File:Tove Jansson cover of Garm magazine October 1944.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of ''[[Garm (magazine)|Garm]]'' magazine, October 1944, lampooning [[Adolf Hitler]] as "self-important and comic"<ref name="McDonagh">{{cite journal |last1=McDonagh |first1=Melanie |date=18 November 2017 |title=A chance to see the Moomins' creator for the genius she really was: Tove Janssons<!--sic--> reviewed |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/11/a-chance-to-see-the-moomins-creator-for-the-genius-she-really-was-tove-janssons-reviewed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106082641/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/11/a-chance-to-see-the-moomins-creator-for-the-genius-she-really-was-tove-janssons-reviewed/ |archive-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=dead |journal=The Spectator |issue=November 2017}}</ref>]]

Tove Jansson worked as an illustrator and cartoonist for the Swedish-language<!--Ahola/Biografiakeskus says "During the war it strove to act as a mouthpiece for antifascist opinion"--> [[satirical magazine]] ''[[Garm (magazine)|Garm]]'' from 1929 to 1953, when the magazine ceased production.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ant O'Neill |title=Moominvalley Fossils: Translating the Early Comics of Tove Jansson |journal=Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature |date=2017 |volume=55 |issue=2 |page=52 |doi=10.1353/bkb.2017.0023 |s2cid=151535137 |issn=0006-7377 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/656106/pdf}}</ref> One of her [[political cartoon]]s achieved a brief international fame: she drew [[Adolf Hitler]] as a crying baby in diapers, surrounded by [[Neville Chamberlain]] and other great European leaders, who tried to calm the baby down by giving it slices of cake – [[Anschluss|Austria]], [[General Government|Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]], etc. In the [[Second World War]], during which [[Military history of Finland during World War II|Finland fought against the Soviet Union]], part of the time cooperating with Nazi Germany,<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2013/05/finland-in-world-war-ii/100519/ |title=Finland in World War II |last1=Taylor |first1=Alan |date=23 May 2013 |magazine=The Atlantic |access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref> her cover illustrations for ''Garm'' lampooned both Hitler and [[Joseph Stalin]]: in one, Stalin draws his sword from his impressively long [[scabbard]], only to find it absurdly short; in another, multiple Hitlers ransack a house, carrying away food and artworks. In ''[[The Spectator]]''{{'}}s view, Jansson made both "Hitler and Stalin appear as preposterous little figures, self-important and comic".<ref name="McDonagh"/>

=== Comic strip artist ===

{{See also|Moomin comic strips}}

<!--Jansson produced illustrations during this period for the Christmas magazines {{lang|sv|Julen}} and ''Lucifer'' (just as her mother had earlier) as well as several smaller productions.-->Her earliest comic strips were created for productions including {{lang|sv|Lunkentus}} ({{lang|sv|Prickinas och Fabians äventyr}}, 1929), {{lang|sv|Vårbrodd}} ({{lang|sv|Fotbollen som Flög till Himlen}}', 1930), and {{lang|sv|Allas Krönika}} ({{lang|sv|Palle och Göran gå till sjöss}}, 1933).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lambiek.net/artists/j/jansson_t.htm |title=Comic creator: Tove Jansson |work=lambiek.net |access-date=18 November 2014 }}</ref>

The figure of the Moomintroll appeared first in Jansson's political cartoons, where it was used as a signature character near the artist's name. This "Proto-Moomin", then called Snork or Niisku,<ref name="biografiakeskus" /> was thin and ugly, with a long, narrow nose and devilish tail. Jansson said that she had designed the Moomins in her youth: after she lost a philosophical quarrel about [[Immanuel Kant]] with one of her brothers, she drew "the ugliest creature imaginable" on the wall of their outhouse and wrote under it "Kant". This Moomin later gained weight and a more pleasant appearance, but in the first Moomin book ''[[The Moomins and the Great Flood]]'' (originally {{lang|sv|Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen}}), the Immanuel-Kant-Moomin is still perceptible. The name ''Moomin'' comes from Tove Jansson's uncle, [[Einar Hammarsten]]: when she was studying in [[Stockholm]] and living with her Swedish relatives, her uncle tried to stop her pilfering food by telling her that a "Moomintroll" lived in the kitchen closet and breathed cold air down people's necks.<ref name="biografiakeskus" />

In 1952, after ''Comet in Moominland'' and ''Finn Family Moomintroll'' had been translated into English, a British newspaper man, Charles Sutton, asked if Tove Jansson would be interested in drawing comic strips about the Moomins.<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> Jansson<!-- had already drawn a long Moomin comic adventure, {{lang|sv|Mumintrollet och jordens undergång}} (''Moomintroll and the End of the World''), based loosely on ''Comet in Moominland'', for the Swedish-language newspaper {{lang|sv|[[Ny Tid (Finland)|Ny Tid]]}}, and she--> accepted the offer.<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> The comic strip ''Moomintroll'' started <!--in 1954--> in the London ''[[Evening News (London)|Evening News]]'', which had a circulation of 12 million at that time, making it the world's largest daily newspaper.<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> The strip spread to hundreds of other newspapers in 12 countries.<!--Tove Jansson drew 21 long Moomin stories from 1954 to 1959, writing them at first by herself and then with her brother Lars (Lasse) Jansson. She eventually gave the strip up because the daily work of a comic artist did not leave her time to write books and paint, but Lars took over the strip and continued it until 1975.--><ref name="Prideaux 2014"/>

=== Painter and illustrator ===

==== Paintings ====

Although she became known first and foremost as an author, Tove Jansson considered her careers as author and painter to be of equal importance. She painted throughout her life.<!-- changing style from the classical [[impressionism]] of her youth to the highly abstract modernist style of her later years--> She exhibited during the 1930s and early 1940s, holding her first solo exhibition in 1943. Despite generally positive reviews, criticism induced Jansson to refine her style; her 1955 solo exhibition was simpler in detail and content. Between 1960 and 1970 she held five more solo exhibitions.<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> The National Biography of Finland describes Jansson as going "against the conventional image of an artist with her unusually even balance between visual art and writing."<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>

==== Murals ====

Throughout her career, Jansson created a series of commissioned [[mural]]s and public works which may still be viewed in their original locations, including:

* The canteen at the {{lang|sv|[[Stromberg (company)|Strömberg]]|italic=no}} factory at {{lang|fi|[[Pitäjänmäki]]|italic=no}}, Helsinki (1945)<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>
* The Aurora Children's Hospital in Helsinki<ref name="Liukkonen"/>
* The {{lang|fi|Seurahuone|italic=no}} hotel at [[Hamina]]<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>
* The ''[[Parable of the Ten Virgins|Wise and Foolish Virgins]]'' altarpiece in [[Teuva]] Church (1954)<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>
* [[Fairy tale|Fairy-tale]] murals in schools, including the [[kindergarten]] in [[Pori]] (1984)<ref name="biografiakeskus"/>

==== Illustrations ====

{{further|Illustrating Tolkien}}

[[File:Tove_Jansson_Smaug_destroys_Lake-town.jpg|thumb|upright|Detail of Jansson's drawing of [[Smaug]] destroying [[Lake-town]], a scene from a 1962 edition of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. Her work helped to define how [[fantasy]] could be illustrated,<ref name="Sundmark 2020"/> but has been seen as unfashionably "expressive".<ref name="Sundmark 2014"/><ref name="BL 2021"/> ]]

As well as illustrating her own books, Jansson illustrated Swedish translations of classics such as [[Lewis Carroll]]'s ''[[The Hunting of the Snark]]'' and ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.<ref name="BL 2021"/>

She created a set of illustrations for the 1962 Swedish edition of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s 1937 children's book ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref name="BL 2021">{{cite web |title=Tove Jansson's illustrations for Carroll and Tolkien |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2021/11/tove-janssons-illustrations-for-carroll-and-tolkien.html |website=[[British Library]]: European Studies Blog |date=8 November 2021}}</ref> The scholar of literature Björn Sundmark states that Jansson's work helped to define how Tolkien's [[Middle-earth]] fantasy could be depicted visually.<ref name="Sundmark 2020">{{cite book |last=Sundmark |first=Björn |title=Translating and Transmediating Children's Literature |chapter=The Translation and Visualization of Tolkien's The Hobbit into Swedish, the Aesthetics of Fantasy, and Tove Jansson’s Illustrations |publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]] |publication-place=Cham |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-52526-2 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-52527-9_7 |pages=117–132|s2cid=226550272 }}</ref> The edition with her illustrations was not reprinted for many years,{{efn|It was eventually reprinted in 1994 in the same 24 cm format by Rabén Prisma, {{isbn|978-9-15182-727-8}}.}} even though reviewers and "Tolkienists" liked Jansson's "expressive"<ref name="Sundmark 2014"/> images. Sundmark suggests that the reason was that in the 1960s, a new, more realistic style became the norm for fantasy art.<ref name="Sundmark 2014">{{cite journal |last=Sundmark |first=Björn |title="En hobbit och ett mumintroll skulle kunna mötas i bästa sämja": Receptionen av Bilbo, en hobbits äventyr (1962) |language=Swedish |trans-title="A hobbit and a moomintroll would be able to meet in complete harmony": Reception of 'Bilbo, en hobbits äventyr' |journal=Barnboken |publisher=The Swedish Institute for Children's Books |volume=37 |year=2014 |issn=0347-772X |doi=10.14811/clr.v37i0.186|doi-access=free |hdl=2043/20341 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

=== Adaptations ===

{{further|Moomins}}

Several stage productions have been made from Jansson's Moomin series, including a number that Jansson herself was involved in. The earliest production was a 1949 theatrical version of ''Comet in Moominland'' performed at [[Åbo Svenska Teater]].<ref name="biografiakeskus"/><ref name="Liukkonen"/> In the early 1950s, Jansson collaborated on Moomin-themed children's plays with [[Vivica Bandler]]. In 1952, Jansson designed stage settings and dresses for ''Pessi and Illusia'', a ballet by [[Ahti Sonninen]] ({{lang |sv |[[Radio tekee murron]]}}) which was performed at the [[Finnish National Opera]].<ref name="biografiakeskus"/> By 1958, Jansson began to become directly involved in theater as Lilla Teater produced {{lang |sv |Troll i kulisserna}} (''Troll in the [[Wings (theater) |wings]]''), a play with lyrics by Jansson and music composed by [[Erna Tauro]].<ref name="Liukkonen"/> The production was a success, despite the actors' difficulties speaking through their bulbous "Moominsnouts",<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> and later performances were held in Sweden and Norway.<ref name="Liukkonen"/>

In 1974 the first Moomin opera was produced, with music composed by [[Ilkka Kuusisto]].<ref name="Liukkonen"/> The Moomintrolls have been adapted to media including television animations<ref name=biografiakeskus/> such as the [[Moomin (1990 TV series) |1990 Moomin series]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=Jonathan |author-link1=Jonathan Clements |last2=McCarthy |first2=Helen |author-link2=Helen McCarthy |title=The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 |url=https://archive.org/details/animeencyclopedi00clem_0 |url-access=limited |edition=Revised and Expanded |year=2006 |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=978-1933330105 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animeencyclopedi00clem_0/page/428 428]}}</ref> and feature films.<ref>{{cite news |title=The 58th BFI London Film Festival in partnership with American Express® announces full 2014 programme |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/announcements/58th-bfi-london-film-festival-partnership-american-express |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=4 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908230932/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/announcements/58th-bfi-london-film-festival-partnership-american-express |archive-date=8 September 2014}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

[[File:Tuulikki Pietilä Tove Jansson and Signe Hammarsten-Jansson 1956.jpeg|thumb|left|[[Tuulikki Pietilä]], Tove Jansson and her mother [[Signe Hammarsten-Jansson|Signe]] at Klovharu, the island in the [[Porvoo]] archipelago where the Janssons had a summer house, 1958]]

Jansson had several male lovers, including the political philosopher [[Atos Wirtanen]], and briefly became engaged to him.<ref name=biografiakeskus/> He was the inspiration for the Moomin character [[Snufkin]].<ref name="Frank 2017"/> However, she eventually "went over to the spook side" as she is said to have put it —a coded expression for [[homosexuality]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/books/mamma-of-all-the-moomins-9048361.html |title=Mamma of all the Moomins |date=2014-01-09 |work=[[Evening Standard]] |access-date=2019-04-07 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autostraddle.com/the-gay-love-stories-of-moomin-and-the-queer-radicality-of-tove-jansson-431832/ |title=The Gay Love Stories of Moomin and the Queer Radicality of Tove Jansson |date=2018-10-03 |website=[[Autostraddle]] |access-date=2019-04-07 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tor.com/2010/05/02/tove-jaanson-out-of-the-closet/ |title=Tove Jansson: Out of the Closet |last=Vanderhooft |first=JoSelle |date=2010-05-02 |website=[[Tor.com]] |access-date=2019-04-07 }}</ref>—and developed a secret love affair with the married theater director [[Vivica Bandler]].<ref name="Frank 2017">{{Cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tove-jansson-moomins-cartoon_n_59b94115e4b086432b0361c3 |title=Meet The Queer, Anti-Fascist Woman Behind The Freakishly Lovable 'Moomins' |last=Frank |first=Priscilla |date=2017-09-14 |website=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=2019-04-07 }}</ref>
 
In 1956 Jansson met her lifelong partner, {{lang|fi|[[Tuulikki Pietilä]]|italic=no}}, known as "Tooti". In Helsinki they lived apart but nearby, so they could meet unnoticed, but this did not resolve the problem that Jansson's mother often came to stay.<ref name="Scott 2018"/><ref name="Heti 2020">{{cite news |last=Heti |first=Seila |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/04/06/inside-tove-janssons-private-universe |title=Inside Tove Jansson's Private Universe |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=30 March 2020 |quote=In 1956, [Jansson] met {{lang|fi|Tuulikki Pietilä|italic=no}} ("Tooti"), a prolific graphic artist and engraver. They would remain partners for forty-five years, until Jansson's death. But, as Westin and Svensson put it, "anyone who lived with Tove Jansson also had to live with her family". Her mother, nicknamed Ham, stayed with Jansson on and off. Even as a teenager, preparing to go away to school, Jansson had worried about her mother. In a letter from 1961, she describes the stress of managing both Tooti and Ham in their "all-female household." She felt that it had become impossible to please one without displeasing the other, and during a time of intense strife she wrote to a friend, "Sometimes I think I hate them both and it makes me feel ill". }}</ref>{{efn|[[Same-sex marriage in Finland]] was legalized in 2017.}} They found a partial solution by building a house on a small island in the Gulf of Finland, and staying there for the summer.<ref name="Scott 2018">{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Izabella |date=May 2018 |title=The Party |url=http://izabellascott.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/So-It-Goes_The-Party.pdf |journal=So It Goes |issue=11 }}</ref> Jansson's and Pietilä's travels and summers spent together on the Klovharu island in [[Pellinki]] have been captured on several hours of film, shot by Pietilä. Several documentaries have been made of this footage, the latest being {{lang|fi|Haru, yksinäinen saari}} (''Haru, the lonely island'') (1998)<ref>{{cite web |author=[[National Audiovisual Institute (Finland)|National Audiovisual Institute]] |title=Haru, yksinäisten saari |date=10 January 1998 |url=https://finna.fi/Record/kavi.elonet_elokuva_867175?sid=3623813396&lng=en-gb |publisher=Finna.fi |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> and {{lang|fi|Tove ja Tooti Euroopassa}} (''Tove and Tooti in Europe'') (2004).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cederström |first1=Kanerva |last2=Tanner |first2=Riikka |title=Tove ja Tooti Euroopassa |url=https://finna.fi/Record/kavi.elonet_elokuva_1261217?lng=en-gb |publisher=Finna.fi |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> The character Too-ticky, described by [[Sue Prideaux]] as "a wild-haired artistic troll in a Breton sweater and a beret",<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> was inspired by Pietilä.<ref name="Prideaux 2014">{{cite news |last=Prideaux |first=Sue |title=Tove Jansson: Life, Art, Words by Boel Westin – review |date=2014-01-15 |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/15/tove-jansson-life-words-westin-review |access-date=18 November 2014 }}</ref>

Jansson died on 27 June 2001 at the age of 86.<ref name="Prideaux 2014"/> She is buried<!-- with her parents and younger brother, Lars,--> at the [[Hietaniemi Cemetery]] in Helsinki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.helsinginseurakunnat.fi/material/attachments/hautausmaat/hietaniemi/w8GZkM0y7/Hietaniemen_merkittavia_vainajia.pdf |title=Hietaniemen hautausmaa – merkittäviä vainajia |trans-title=Hietaniemi Cemetery - significant deceased |publisher=Helsingin seurakuntayhtymä |access-date=2016-08-26}}</ref>

== Cultural legacy ==

[[File:Tove Jansson at Dulwich Picture Gallery Poster.jpg|thumb|upright|The first major retrospective exhibition of Jansson's art in the United Kingdom was held at the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]], 2017–2018.<ref name="Kennedy2018"/>]]

=== Documentaries and exhibitions of her work ===

In 1968, Swedish public TV, [[Sveriges Television|SVT]], made a documentary about Tove called ''Moomins and the Sea'' (39 min.).<ref>{{Citation |title=Mumin och havet |trans-title=Moomins and the Sea|url=https://www.oppetarkiv.se/video/2194071/mumin-och-havet |language=sv|access-date=2019-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406002509/http://www.oppetarkiv.se/video/2194071/mumin-och-havet |archive-date=6 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jansson's books, originally written in Swedish, have been translated into 45 languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hällsten |first=Annika |title=Boksuccé efterlyses |work=[[Hufvudstadsbladet]] |date=22 January 2014 |page=21 }}</ref> The [[Moomin Museum]] in [[Tampere]] displays much of Jansson's work on the Moomins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tällainen on maailman ainoa Muumimuseo – Ensimmäiset japanilaisturistit paikalla jo tunteja ennen avajaisia |language=fi |trans-title=This is the only Moomin Museum in the world - The first Japanese tourists arrive hours before the opening |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9669246 |access-date=2021-09-04 |website=Yle Uutiset|date=17 June 2017 }}</ref> There is a Moomin theme park named [[Moomin World]] in {{lang|fi|[[Naantali]]|italic=no}}. In 2012, the BBC broadcast a one-hour documentary on Jansson, ''Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01pgrk2/moominland-tales-the-life-of-tove-jansson |title=BBC Four - Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson |publisher=BBC }}</ref> A Moominvalley Park opened at [[Hannō]], Japan in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=The first Moomin theme park outside Finland is simply magical – and officially open! See the full photo story from Moominvalley Park, Japan |url=https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/moominvalley-park-japan/#5d6e7ee0 |website=Moomin.com |access-date=2 January 2024 |date=17 March 2019}}</ref>

In March 2014, the [[Ateneum|Ateneum Art Museum]] opened a major centenary exhibition showcasing Jansson's works as an artist, an illustrator, a political caricaturist and the creator of the Moomins. The exhibition drew nearly 300,000 visitors in six months.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tove Jansson centenary exhibition attracted 293,837 visitors |url=http://www.ateneum.fi/en/tove-jansson-centenary-exhibition-attracted-293837-visitors |publisher=[[Ateneum|Ateneum Art Museum]] |access-date=11 December 2014 |date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213013855/http://www.ateneum.fi/en/tove-jansson-centenary-exhibition-attracted-293837-visitors |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref> After Helsinki the exhibition embarked on a tour in Japan to visit five Japanese museums.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ateneum.fi/en/tove-jansson |title=Tove Jansson 14.03.2014 – 07.09.2014 |publisher=[[Ateneum|Ateneum Art Museum]] |access-date=14 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320025622/http://www.ateneum.fi/en/tove-jansson |archive-date=20 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/ei_vain_muumien_aiti__tove_janssonilla_oli_taiteilijana_sadat_kasvot/7133913 |title=Ei vain muumien äiti – Tove Janssonilla oli taiteilijana sadat kasvot |trans-title=Not just the mother of the moomins – Tove Jansson had hundreds of faces as an artist |publisher=[[Yle Uutiset]] |language=fi |date=13 March 2014|access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref> 

In January 2016, a permanent Tove Jansson exhibition of murals, an oil painting, photographs and sketches opened at the [[Helsinki Art Museum]]. The two murals, ''Party in the Countryside'' and ''Party in the City'' were created for [[Helsinki City Hall]]'s {{lang|fi|Kaupunginkellari|italic=no}} restaurant.<ref name="HAM">{{cite web |title=Tove Jansson |publisher=[[Helsinki Art Museum]] |date=29 January 2016 |url=https://www.hamhelsinki.fi/en/exhibition/tove-jansson/ |access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref><!-- Jansson painted an image of herself, seated smoking and drinking at a table with a Moomintroll doll, while couples dance hehind her, in ''Party in the City''. In 1974 they were moved to Helsinki Swedish-language Adult Education Centre's Workers' Institute Arbis, and in 2016 to the museum. The oil painting is ''Before the Masquerade''. The sketches are those for the murals for the Aurora Children's hospital, which remain ''in situ''.--> From June 2017 to September 2017, an exhibition of Jansson's paintings, illustrations, and cartoons was held in Kunstforeningen Gammel Strand in [[Copenhagen]] in collaboration with [[Ateneum]] in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lauritzen |first=Af: Franziska |date=2017-08-18 |title=Tove Jansson; kunst, kærlighed og mumitrolde |language=Danish |trans-title=Tove Jansson: Art, Love, and Moomintrolls |website=OplevByen.dk |url=https://www.oplevbyen.dk/tove-jansson-kunst-kaerlighed-og-mumitrolde/ |access-date=2024-09-14}}</ref> The exhibition then moved from October 2017 to January 2018 to the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tove Jansson (1914-2001) |url=https://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/2017/october/tove-jansson/ |publisher=Dulwich Picture Gallery |access-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015752/https://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/2017/october/tove-jansson/ |archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> This was the first major retrospective exhibition of her work in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Kennedy2018">{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Moomins and more: UK show to exhibit Tove Jansson's broader work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/22/moomins-and-more-uk-show-to-exhibit-tove-janssons-broader-work |access-date=2 February 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 October 2017}}</ref>

A [[Biographical film|biopic]], titled ''[[Tove (film)|Tove]]'', directed by [[Zaida Bergroth]] was released in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-18 |title=New feature drama film about Tove Jansson to premiere in 2020 |url=https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/new-feature-drama-film-about-tove-jansson-to-premiere-in-2020/ |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Moomin.com |language=en-US |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214041524/https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/new-feature-drama-film-about-tove-jansson-to-premiere-in-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Commemorations ===

Jansson was selected as the main motif in the 2004 minting of a Finnish commemorative coin, the €10 [[Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Finland)#2004 coinage|Tove Jansson and Finnish Children's Culture commemorative coin]]. The [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] depicts a combination of her portrait and the skyline, an artist's palette, a crescent and a sailing boat. The reverse features three Moomin characters. In 2014 she was again featured on a commemorative coin, this time of €20, becoming the only person other than the former Finnish president {{lang|fi|[[Urho Kekkonen]]|italic=no}} to be granted two such coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suomenrahapaja.fi/eng/news/Tove_Jansson |title=Another collector coin is minted in honour of Tove Jansson |publisher=[[Mint of Finland]] |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314104906/http://www.suomenrahapaja.fi/eng/news/Tove_Jansson |archive-date=14 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was featured on a [[€2 commemorative coin]] that entered general circulation in June 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suomenrahapaja.fi/eng/news/tove_jansson_special_2_euro |title=Tove Jansson to feature on two-euro commemorative coin |publisher=[[Mint of Finland]] |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613151657/http://www.suomenrahapaja.fi/eng/news/tove_jansson_special_2_euro |archive-date=13 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 1988, [[Itella|Finland's Post]] has released several postage stamp sets and one [[postal card]] with Moomin motifs.<ref>''Norma Suomi 2011: Postimerkkiluettelo'', pp. 147, 152, 169, 180, 195, 202, 219, 233. [Stamp catalogue.] Käpylän merkki, Helsinki 2010. {{ISSN|0358-1225}}</ref> In 2014, Jansson herself was featured on a Finnish stamp set.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.posti.fi/english/current/2013/20131016_stamps.html |title=The first stamps of 2014 celebrate Tove Jansson and ancient castles |publisher=[[Posti Group]] |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406054748/http://www.posti.fi/english/current/2013/20131016_stamps.html |archive-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2014 the City of Helsinki honored Jansson by renaming a park near her childhood home in {{lang|fi|[[Katajanokka]]|italic=no}} "Tove Jansson's Park" ({{langx|fi|Tove Janssonin puisto}}, {{langx|sv|Tove Janssons park}}).<ref>{{cite news |title=Tove Jansson saa puiston Katajanokalle |trans-title=Tove Jansson gets a park in Katajanokka |url=http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/Tove+Jansson+saa+puiston+Katajanokalle/a1394511247387 |newspaper=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |language=fi |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=11 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Tove100y">{{cite news |title=Katajanokanpuisto renamed Tove Jansson Park |work=Finland Times |date=12 March 2014 }}</ref> The city has placed a memorial plaque to Jansson at her home in Ullanlinnankatu, Helsinki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Memorial plaque to Tove Jansson |url=https://kehittajille.suomi.fi/ptv/services/servicepoint/memorial-plaque-to-tove-jansson-city-of-helsinki-culture-and-leisure-division/9919f768-16c8-4b5d-9469-dd6d00d165e2 |publisher=City of Helsinki, Culture and Leisure Division |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>

With a new animated series, ''Moominvalley''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/star-cast-new-moomin-animation-series-moominvalley/ |title=All-star cast for new Moomin animation series, ''Moominvalley'' |publisher=Moomin.com |date=2017-09-12}}</ref> broadcast in 2019, [[Rhianna Pratchett]] wrote an article about the impact Jansson had had on her father, the fantasy author [[Terry Pratchett]]; he called Jansson one of the greatest children's writers ever, and credited her writing as one of the reasons he became an author.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2018/mar/12/terry-pratchett-moomins-rhianna-pratchett |title=My family and other Moomins: Rhianna Pratchett on her father's love for Tove Jansson |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=2018-03-12 |last1=Pratchett |first1=Rhianna |author-link=Rhianna Pratchett }}</ref>{{-}}

== Bibliography ==

=== The Moomin books ===

==== Novels ====

* {{lang|sv|Småtrollen och den stora översvämningen}} (1945, ''[[The Moomins and the Great Flood]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Kometjakten}} (1946, ''[[Comet in Moominland]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Kometen kommer}} (1968; reworked edition of ''Comet in Moominland'')
* {{lang|sv|Trollkarlens hatt}} (1948, ''[[Finn Family Moomintroll]]''; in some editions ''The Happy Moomins'')
* {{lang|sv|Muminpappans bravader}} (1950, ''[[The Exploits of Moominpappa]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Muminpappans memoarer}} (1968, ''The Memoirs of Moominpappa''; reworked edition of ''The Exploits of Moominpappa'')
* {{lang|sv|Farlig midsommar}} (1954, ''[[Moominsummer Madness]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Trollvinter}} (1957, ''[[Moominland Midwinter]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Pappan och havet}} (1965, ''[[Moominpappa at Sea]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Sent i november}} (1970, ''[[Moominvalley in November]]'')

==== Short story collections ====

* {{lang|sv|Det osynliga barnet och andra berättelser}} (1962, ''[[Tales from Moominvalley]]'')

==== Picture books ====

* {{lang|sv|Hur gick det sen?}} (1952, ''[[The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Vem ska trösta Knyttet?}} (1960, ''[[Who Will Comfort Toffle?]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Den farliga resan}} (1977, ''[[The Dangerous Journey]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Skurken i Muminhuset}} (1980, ''[[Villain in the Moominhouse]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Visor från Mumindalen}} (1993, ''Songs From Moominvalley''; songbook. With [[Lars Jansson (cartoonist)|Lars Jansson]] and [[Erna Tauro]])

==== Comic strips ====

* {{lang|sv|Mumin}}, Books 1–7 (1977–1981, ''[[Moomin comic strips|Moomin]]''; Books 3–7 with Lars Jansson) (Books 1–6 released in English).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drawnandquarterly.com/shopCatalogLong.php?st=art&art=a43cd43019761a |title=Products by Tove Jansson |publisher=[[Drawn & Quarterly]] |access-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref>

=== Other books ===

==== Novels ====

* {{lang|sv|Sommarboken}} (1972, ''[[The Summer Book]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Solstaden}} (1974, ''Sun City'')
* {{lang|sv|Den ärliga bedragaren}} (1982, ''[[The True Deceiver]]'')
* {{lang|sv|Stenåkern}} (1984, ''The Field of Stones'')
* {{lang|sv|Rent spel}} (1989, ''[[Fair Play (novel)|Fair Play]]'')

==== Short story collections ====

* {{lang|sv|[[Bildhuggarens dotter]]}} (1968, ''Sculptor's Daughter'') (semi-autobiographical)
* {{lang|sv|Lyssnerskan}} (1971, ''The Listener'')
* {{lang|sv|Dockskåpet och andra berättelser}} (1978, lit. "The Doll's House and Other Stories", translated as ''Art in Nature'')
* {{lang|sv|Resa med lätt bagage}} (1987, ''Travelling Light'')
* {{lang|sv|Brev från Klara och andra berättelser}} (1991, ''Letters from Klara and Other Stories'')
* {{lang|sv|Meddelande. Noveller i urval 1971–1997}} (1998 compilation, ''Messages: Selected Stories 1971–1997'')
* ''[[A Winter Book]]'' (Sort of Books, 2006). Selected and introduced by [[Ali Smith]], from ''Sculptor's Daughter'', ''Messages'', ''The Listener'', ''Letters from Klara'', and ''Traveling Light''.
* ''The Woman Who Borrowed Memories'' (New York Review Books, 2014). Selections from ''The Listener'', ''The Doll's House'', ''Traveling Light'', ''Letters from Klara'', and ''Messages''. Translated by Thomas Teal and Silvester Mazzarella.

==== Miscellaneous ====

* {{lang|sv|Sara och Pelle och näckens bläckfiskar}} (under the pseudonym of Vera Haij, 1933, ''Sara and Pelle and the Octopuses of the Water Sprite'')
* {{lang|sv|Anteckningar från en ö}} (1993, ''Notes from an Island''; autobiography; illustrated by [[Tuulikki Pietilä]])
* {{lang|sv|Letters from Tove}} (2019) (personal letters, edited by Boel Westin and Helen Svensson)

== Awards ==

* Ducat Prize of the Finnish Art Society for young artists (1939, 1953)<ref name="TJ"/>
* ''Svenska Dagbladet'' Prize for Finland-Swedish literature (1952)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Nils Holgersson Plaque for ''The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My'' (1953)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Elsa Beskow Plaque and Rudolf Koivu Prize for ''Moominland Midwinter'' (1958)<ref name="TJ"/>
* ''[[Stockholms-Tidningen]]'' Culture Prize (1963)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Finnish State Prize for Literature (1963)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Anni Swan Medal for ''Tales from Moominvalley'' (1964)<ref name="TJ"/>
* [[Hans Christian Andersen Award]] (gold medal, 1966)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=160071&nodeid=41797&culture=en-US |title=People – Tove Jansson |work=thisisFINLAND |access-date=18 November 2014 |date=2014-03-11 }}</ref><ref name=andersen/>
* ''[[Expressen]] Heffaklumpen Prize (with [[Astrid Lindgren]]) (1970)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Award for State Literature (1963, 1971 and 1982)<ref name="Liukkonen"/>
* [[Swedish Academy Finland Prize]] (1972)<ref name="TJ"/>
* [[Order of the Smile]] (1975)<ref>{{cite news |title=Tove Jansson, Hymy-ritari |author=REL |newspaper=Helsingin Sanomat |date=3 December 1976 |url=https://nakoislehti.hs.fi/72119a2b-fcb6-4125-9398-c9643dfe9363/18 |language=fi |page=18 }}</ref>
* [[Pro Finlandia]] Medal (1976)<ref name="Liukkonen"/>
* ''Stiftelsen litteraturfrämjandet'' Large Prize (1977)<ref name="TJ"/>
* Swedish Culture Foundation Honorary Award (1983)<ref name=wsoy>{{cite web |url=https://europasf.eu/the-fanzines-of-moomins-mother-tove-jansson-ahrvid-engholm-sweden/ |title=The Fanzines of Moonin's Mother Tove Jansson - Ahrvid Engholm (Sweden) |last=Engholm |first=Ahrvid |date=March 8, 2015 |website=Europa SF |access-date=July 3, 2021}}</ref>
* The Finnish Cultural Award (1990)<ref name=wsoy/>
* [[Selma Lagerlöf Prize]] (1992)<ref name=wsoy/>
* The Finland Art Prize (1993)<ref name=wsoy/>
* Mercuri International bronze medal (1994)<ref name=wsoy/>
* The [[Swedish Academy]] Award (1994)<ref name=wsoy/>
* [[Åbo Akademi University]] Honorary Professor (1995)<ref>{{cite web |title=Jansson, Tove (1914 - 2001) |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/1395 |website=Kansallisbiografia.fi |access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[The American-Scandinavian Foundation]] Honorary Cultural Award (1996)<ref name=wsoy/>
* [[SanomaWSOY|WSOY]] Literary Foundation Award (1999)<ref name=wsoy/>
* {{lang|fr|Le Prix de l'Office Chrétien du Livre|italic=no}} <ref name=wsoy/>
* [[List of Eisner Award winners#The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame|The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame]] (2016)<ref name="Cavna 2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2016/07/23/comic-con-overjoyed-rep-john-lewis-wins-the-oscar-of-comics-for-his-civil-rights-memoir-winners-list/ |title= Comic-Con: 'Overjoyed' Rep. John Lewis wins 'the Oscar of comics' for his civil rights memoir (+ winners' list) |first=Michael |last=Cavna |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=July 23, 2016 |access-date= March 7, 2017}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist |25em |refs=

<ref name=andersen>
[http://www.ibby.org/index.php?id=273 "Hans Christian Andersen Awards"]. [[International Board on Books for Young People]] (IBBY). Retrieved 2013-08-01.</ref>
}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book |last=Gravett |first=Paul |title=Tove Jansson |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |year=2022 | series=The Illustrators |isbn=978-0-500-09433-4 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Karjalainen |first=Tuula |title=Tove Jansson. Work and Love |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=9781846148491 |ref=none}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110620093034/http://www.moomin.com/tove/ Tove Jansson] at www.moomin.com {{in lang|fi|sv|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141127174059/http://www.schildts.fi/forfattare/jansson-tove.html Tove Jansson] at [[Schildts]] {{in lang|fi|sv}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131208090850/http://toveteuvalla.fi/en Tove Jansson and the altarpiece "Ten Virgins"] {{in lang|fi|sv|en|ja}}
* [http://www.wsoy.fi/kirjailijat/-/author/name/JanssonTove Tove Jansson] at [[Sanoma|WSOY]] {{in lang|fi}}
* [http://finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=160071&nodeid=44499&culture=en-US thisisFINLAND: People – Tove Jansson]: writer, painter and illustrator
* [http://www.moomintrove.com/ The Moomin Trove] Comprehensive lists of Tove Jansson's Moomin books
* [https://sites.google.com/site/finlandtravelclub/moomins Tove Jansson and The Moomin Trove] by Finland Travel Club
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pgrk2/ ''Moominland Tales: The Life of Tove Jansson'' (BBC)] by Eleanor Yule
* {{isfdb name|2148}}
* {{LCAuth|n79046514|Tove Jansson|91|ue}}
* [https://kansallisbiografia.fi/english/person/1395 Jansson, Tove (1914–2001)] at National Biography of Finland
* {{BLF|1395|Tove Jansson|URN=NBN:fi:sls-4317-1416928956923}}

{{Tove Jansson}}
{{The Moomin Series}}
{{Middle-earth}}
{{Hans Christian Andersen Medal}}
{{Selma Lagerlöf Prize}}
{{Swedish Academy Finland Prize winners}}
{{Portal bar|Children's literature|Comics|Finland|Visual arts|Biography|LGBTQ}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jansson, Tove}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
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