Editing Tony Hoare

{{Short description|British computer scientist}}
{{for|the bicycle racer|Tony Hoar}}
{{Use British English |date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = 
| name              = Sir Tony Hoare
| image             = Sir Tony Hoare IMG 5125.jpg
| honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FREng|size=100}}
| image_size        = 
| caption           = Tony Hoare in 2011
| birth_name        = Charles Antony Richard Hoare
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1934|01|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[Colombo]], [[British Ceylon]]
| spouse            = [[Jill Hoare|Jill Pym]]
| children          = 3
<!-- | residence         = [[Cambridge]] -->
| education         = {{ubl |[[Merton College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Postgraduate diploma|PgDip]]) |[[Moscow State University]]}}
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cliff Jones (computer scientist)|Cliff Jones]]<ref name="mathgene"/>
* [[Bill Roscoe]]<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy|id=45760}}</ref>
* [[Augusto Sampaio (computer scientist)|Augusto Sampaio]]<ref>{{cite thesis |degree=DPhil |publisher=University of Oxford |title=An algebraic approach to compiler design |last=Sampaio |first=Augusto |date=1993 |url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/OXVU1:LSCOP_OX:oxfaleph015949355 |id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.334903}} |website=bodleian.ox.ac.uk |oclc=854973008 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
| known_for         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Quicksort]]
* [[Quickselect]]
* [[Hoare logic]]
* [[Null pointer|Null reference]]
* [[Communicating sequential processes]]
* [[Structured programming]]
* [[ALGOL]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/tony.hoare}}
| field             = [[Computer science]]
| work_institution  = {{Plainlist|
* [[Elliott Brothers (computer company)|Elliott Brothers]]
* [[Queen's University Belfast]]
* [[University of Oxford]]
* [[Moscow State University]]
* [[Microsoft Research]]}}
| prizes            = {{Plainlist| [[Turing Award]] (1980)<br/> [[Harry H. Goode Memorial Award]] (1981)<br/> [[Faraday Medal]] (1985)<br/> [[Computer Pioneer Award]] (1990)<br/> [[Kyoto Prize]] (2000)<br/> [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] (2011)<br/> [[Royal Medal]] (2023)}}
}}

'''Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɔːr}}; born 11 January 1934), also known as '''C. A. R. Hoare''', is a British [[computer scientist]] who has made foundational contributions to [[programming languages]], [[algorithm]]s, [[operating system]]s, [[formal verification]], and [[concurrent computing]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Theories of Programming: The Life and Works of Tony Hoare | date=2021 | volume=39 | series=ACM Books | editor-first1=Cliff B. | editor-last1=Jones | editor-link1=Cliff Jones (computer scientist) | editor-first2=Jayadev | editor-last2=Misra | editor-link2=Jayadev Misra | publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] | location=New York, NY | isbn=978-1-4503-8728-6 | doi=10.1145/3477355 | s2cid=238251696 }}</ref> His work earned him the [[Turing Award]], usually regarded as the highest distinction in computer science, in 1980.

Hoare developed the [[sorting algorithm]] [[quicksort]] in 1959–1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Antony Hoare |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=22 April 2015 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Antony,Hoare/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403184558/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Antony%2CHoare/ |archive-date=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> He developed [[Hoare logic]], an [[Axiomatic semantics|axiomatic]] basis for verifying [[Correctness (computer science)|program correctness]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoare|first=Charles Antony Richard|date=October 1969|title=An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming|journal=[[Communications of the ACM]]|volume=12|issue=10|pages=576–583|doi=10.1145/363235.363259|doi-access=free|s2cid=207726175}}</ref> In the semantics of [[Concurrency (computer science)|concurrency]], he introduced the formal language [[communicating sequential processes]] (CSP) to specify the interactions of concurrent processes, and along with [[Edsger W. Dijkstra|Edsger Dijkstra]], formulated the [[dining philosophers problem]].<ref name="ACM">{{ACM Portal|id=81548013995}}</ref><ref name="dblp">{{DBLP|name=C. A. R. Hoare}}</ref><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2542366}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shustek |first=L. |title=Interview: An interview with C.A.R. Hoare |doi=10.1145/1467247.1467261 |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=38–41 |year=2009 |s2cid=1868477 }}</ref><ref name="monitors">{{Cite journal |doi=10.1145/355620.361161 |title=Monitors: An operating system structuring concept |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=549–557 |year=1974 |last=Hoare |first=C. A. R.|s2cid=1005769 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703004721/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102658017 |title=Oral History of Sir Antony Hoare |publisher=[[Computer History Museum]] |last=Bowen |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Bowen |date=8 September 2006 |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102658017 |archive-date=3 July 2013 |work=Hoare (Sir Antony, C.A.R.) Oral History, CHM Reference number: X3698.2007 |access-date=18 April 2014 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Since 1977, he has held positions at the [[University of Oxford]] and [[Microsoft Research]] in [[Cambridge]].

==Education and early life==
Tony Hoare was born in [[Colombo]], Ceylon (now [[Sri Lanka]]) to British parents; his father was a colonial [[civil servant]] and his mother was the daughter of a tea planter. Hoare was educated in [[England]] at the [[Dragon School]] in [[Oxford]] and the [[The King's School, Canterbury|King's School]] in [[Canterbury]].<ref name="bl">{{cite web |url=http://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/021T-C1379X0052XX-0000A0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915205442/http://sounds.bl.uk/related-content/TRANSCRIPTS/021T-C1379X0052XX-0000A0.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-15 |url-status=live |work=National Life Stories: An Oral History of British Science |title=Professor Sir Tony Hoare |first=Thomas |last=Lean |volume=C1379/52 |publisher=[[British Library]] |location=UK |date=2011 |access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref> He then studied [[Literae Humaniores|Classics and Philosophy]] ("Greats") at [[Merton College, Oxford]].<ref name="MCreg">{{cite book |editor-last=Levens |editor-first=R.G.C. |title=Merton College Register 1900-1964 |date=1964 |publisher=Basil Blackwell |location=Oxford |page=434}}</ref> On graduating in 1956 he did 18 months [[Conscription in the United Kingdom#After 1945|National Service]] in the [[Royal Navy]],<ref name=MCreg /> where he learned Russian.<ref name="Hoare_autobio">{{cite journal |last=Hoare |first=Tony |journal=Resurrection |issn=0958-7403 |number=48 |date=Autumn 2009 |title=My Early Days at Elliotts |url=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res48.htm |access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> He returned to the [[University of Oxford]] in 1958 to study for a postgraduate certificate in [[statistics]],<ref name=MCreg /> and it was here that he began [[computer programming]], having been taught [[Autocode]] on the [[Ferranti Mercury]] by [[Leslie Fox]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Reflections on the Work of C.A.R. Hoare |chapter=1 Insight, inspiration and collaboration |last1=Roscoe |first1=Bill |author-link=Bill Roscoe |last2=Jones |first2=Cliff |author2-link=Cliff Jones (computer scientist) |isbn=978-1-84882-911-4 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |chapter-url=http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/files/2856/biography.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/files/2856/biography.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then went to [[Moscow State University]] as a [[British Council]] exchange student,<ref name=MCreg /> where he studied [[Translator (computing)|machine translation]] under [[Andrey Kolmogorov]].<ref name="Hoare_autobio"/>

==Research and career==
In 1960, Hoare left the [[Soviet Union]] and began working at [[Elliott Brothers (computer company)|Elliott Brothers Ltd]],<ref name=MCreg /> a small computer manufacturing firm located in London. There, he implemented the language [[ALGOL 60]] and began developing major [[algorithm]]s.<ref name="Hoare81">{{cite journal |last=Hoare |first=C.A.R. |date=February 1981 |title=The emperor's old clothes |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=5–83 |doi=10.1145/358549.358561 |issn=0001-0782|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1145/358549.358561 |title=The emperor's old clothes |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=75–83 |year=1981 |last=Hoare |first=C. A. R. |doi-access=free}}</ref>

He was involved with developing [[international standard]]s in programming and informatics, as a member of the [[International Federation for Information Processing]] (IFIP) [[IFIP Working Group 2.1|Working Group 2.1]] on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/Profile |title=Profile of IFIP Working Group 2.1 |last1=Jeuring |first1=Johan |last2=Meertens |first2=Lambert |author2-link=Lambert Meertens |last3=Guttmann |first3=Walter |date=2016-08-17 |website=Foswiki |access-date=2020-10-07}}</ref> which [[Specification (technical standard)|specified]], maintains, and supports the languages ALGOL 60 and [[ALGOL 68]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/ScopeEtc |title=ScopeEtc: IFIP21: Foswiki |last1=Swierstra |first1=Doaitse |last2=Gibbons |first2=Jeremy |author2-link=Jeremy Gibbons |last3=Meertens |first3=Lambert |author3-link=Lambert Meertens |date=2011-03-02 |website=Foswiki |access-date=2020-10-07}}</ref>

He became the Professor of [[Computer science|Computing Science]] at the [[Queen's University of Belfast]] in 1968, and in 1977 returned to Oxford as the Professor of Computing to lead the [[Programming Research Group]] in the [[Oxford University Computing Laboratory]] (now [[Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford]]), following the death of [[Christopher Strachey]]. He became the first [[Christopher Strachey Professor of Computing]] on its establishment in 1988 until his retirement at Oxford in 2000.<ref name="cs-strachey-prof">{{cite web| url=https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/news/1988-full.html | title=Christopher Strachey Professorship of Computing | publisher=[[Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford]] | date=5 November 2021 | accessdate=18 January 2024 }}</ref> He is now an [[Professor|Emeritus Professor]] there, and is also a principal researcher at [[Microsoft Research]] in [[Cambridge]], England.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081222161205/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/thoare/ Microsoft home page] – short biography</ref><ref>[http://purl.umn.edu/107362 Oral history interview with C. A. R. Hoare] at [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.</ref><ref>{{doi-inline|10.1145/355620.361161|The classic article on monitors}} – The original article on monitors</ref>

Hoare's most significant work has been in the following areas: his sorting and selection algorithm ([[Quicksort]] and [[Quickselect]]), [[Hoare logic]], the formal language [[communicating sequential processes]] (CSP) used to specify the interactions between [[concurrent process]]es (and implemented in various programming languages such as [[occam (programming language)|occam]]), structuring computer [[operating system]]s using the [[Monitor (synchronization)|monitor]] concept, and the [[axiom]]atic specification of [[programming language]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/4622167.pdf |title=Preface to the ACM Turing Award lecture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419234212/http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/4622167.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hoare_4622167.cfm |title=C. Antony (Tony) R. Hoare |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701153542/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4622167&srt=year&year=1980&aw=140&ao=AMTURING |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref>

Speaking at a software conference in 2009, Tony Hoare hyperbolically apologized for inventing the [[null pointer|null reference]]:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Null-References-The-Billion-Dollar-Mistake-Tony-Hoare
|title=Null References: The Billion Dollar Mistake
|publisher=InfoQ.com
|date=25 August 2009
|first=Tony |last=Hoare}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://maximilianocontieri.com/null-the-billion-dollar-mistake
|title=Null: The Billion Dollar Mistake
|date=3 September 2020
|publisher=hashnode.com}}</ref>
{{blockquote|I call it my billion-dollar mistake. It was the invention of the null reference in 1965. At that time, I was designing the first comprehensive type system for references in an object oriented language ([[ALGOL W]]). My goal was to ensure that all use of references should be absolutely safe, with checking performed automatically by the compiler. But I couldn't resist the temptation to put in a null reference, simply because it was so easy to implement. This has led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://qconlondon.com/london-2009/speaker/Tony+Hoare
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628071208/http://qconlondon.com/london-2009/speaker/Tony+Hoare
|archive-date=28 June 2009
|title=Null References: The Billion Dollar Mistake
|type=Presentation abstract
|last=Hoare
|first=Tony
|date=2009
|publisher=QCon London
}}</ref>}}

For many years under his leadership, Hoare's Oxford department worked on formal specification languages such as [[Communicating sequential processes|CSP]] and [[Z notation|Z]]. These did not achieve the expected take-up by industry, and in 1995 Hoare was led to reflect upon the original assumptions:<ref>{{cite conference
|book-title=Selected papers from the 11th Workshop on Specification of Abstract Data Types Joint with the 8th COMPASS Workshop on Recent Trends in Data Type Specification
 |title=Unification of Theories: A Challenge for Computing Science
|publisher=Springer-Verlag
|isbn=3-540-61629-2
|pages=49–57
|date=1996
|first=C. A. R.
|last=Hoare}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Ten years ago, researchers into formal methods (and I was the most mistaken among them) predicted that the programming world would embrace with gratitude every assistance promised by formalisation to solve the problems of reliability that arise when programs get large and more safety-critical. Programs have now got very large and very critical – well beyond the scale which can be comfortably tackled by formal methods. There have been many problems and failures, but these have nearly always been attributable to inadequate analysis of requirements or inadequate management control. It has turned out that the world just does not suffer significantly from the kind of problem that our research was originally intended to solve.}}
A commemorative article was written in tribute to Hoare for his 90th birthday.<ref>
{{Cite newsletter
|url=https://www.bcs.org/media/1wrosrpv/facs-jul24.pdf
|url-status=live
|access-date=10 July 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710173846/https://www.bcs.org/media/1wrosrpv/facs-jul24.pdf
|archive-date=10 July 2024
|title=Tony Hoare @ 90 
|type=Magazine article
|editor-first=Tim
|editor-last=Denvir
|editor-link=Tim Denvir
|first1=He
|last1=Jifeng
|authorlink1=He Jifeng
|first2=Cliff
|last2=Jones
|authorlink2=Cliff Jones (computer scientist)
|first3=Bill
|last3= Roscoe
|authorlink3=Bill Roscoe
|first4=Joe
|last4=Stoy
|authorlink4=Joe Stoy
|first5=Bernard
|last5=Sufrin
|authorlink5=Bernard Sufrin
|first6=Jonathan P.
|last6=Bowen
|authorlink6=Jonathan Bowen
|issn=0950-1231
|date=2 July 2024
|pages=5-42
|magazine=[[FACS FACTS]]
|publisher=Formal Aspects of Computing Science ([[BCS-FACS|FACS]]) Specialist Group
}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* ACM Programming Systems and Languages Paper Award (1973)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/programming-systems-and-languages-paper|title=ACM Programming Systems and Languages Paper Award |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|year=1973|accessdate=2022-07-07}}</ref> for the paper "Proof of correctness of data representations"<ref name="HoareActa1972">{{Cite journal|last1=Hoare |first1=C.A.R. |authorlink1=Tony Hoare |title=Proof of correctness of data representations |doi=10.1007/BF00289507 |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]]  |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=271&ndash;281 |year=1972 |s2cid=34414224 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1007/BF00289507}}</ref>
* [[DFBCS|Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society]] (1978)
* [[Turing Award]] for "fundamental contributions to the definition and design of [[programming language]]s". The award was presented to him at the ACM Annual Conference in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], on 27 October 1980, by Walter Carlson, chairman of the Awards committee. A transcript of Hoare's speech<ref name="ACM_Turing_Award_lecture">{{cite web
 |url        =http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/4622167.pdf
 |title      =The Emperor's Old Clothes: The 1980 ACM Turing Award Lecture
 |date       =27 October 1980
 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120419234212/http://awards.acm.org/images/awards/140/articles/4622167.pdf
 |archive-date=19 April 2012
 |last=Hoare |first=Charles Anthony Richard
 |publisher  =Association for Computing Machinery
 |url-status =dead
 |df         =dmy-all
}}</ref> was published in ''[[Communications of the ACM]]''.<ref name="Hoare81" />
* [[Harry H. Goode Memorial Award]] (1981)
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (1982)<ref name=frs>{{cite web |title=Anthony Hoare FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/antony-hoare-11627/ |website=royalsociety.org |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London |author=Anon |year=1982}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate of Science by the [[Queen's University Belfast]] (1987)
* Honorary Doctorate of Science, from the [[University of Bath]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |title=Honorary Graduates 1989 to present |publisher=[[University of Bath]] |work=bath.ac.uk |access-date=18 February 2012 |archive-date=17 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717061336/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Fellow, [[Kellogg College, Oxford]] (1998)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/7309/(Charles)-Antony-Richard-(Tony)-HOARE |title = (Charles) Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare Biography |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140717132017/http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/7309/(Charles)-Antony-Richard-(Tony)-HOARE |archive-date=17 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Knight Bachelor|Knighted]] for services to education and [[computer science]] ([[2000 New Year Honours|2000]])
* [[Kyoto Prize]] for [[Information science]] (2000)
* [[Fellow]]<ref name="List of Fellows">{{cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=17 October 2014 |archive-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> of the [[Royal Academy of Engineering]]<ref name="List of Fellows"/> (2005)
* Member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2006) for fundamental contributions to computer science in the areas of algorithms, operating systems, and programming languages.
* [[Computer History Museum]] (CHM) in [[Mountain View, California]] Fellow of the Museum "for development of the [[Quicksort]] algorithm and for lifelong contributions to the theory of [[programming language]]s" (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Antony Hoare: 2006 Fellow |author=<!-- Unstated. --> |url=https://computerhistory.org/profile/sir-antony-hoare/ |access-date=8 March 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403184558/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Antony%2CHoare/ |archive-date=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all}}{{cite web |url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Antony,Hoare/ |title=Sir Antony Hoare &#124; Computer History Museum |access-date=2015-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403184558/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Antony%2CHoare/ |archive-date=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from [[Heriot-Watt University]] (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2007/people_awards.html |title=Annual Review 2007: Principal's Review|website=www1.hw.ac.uk|access-date=2016-03-29|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032855/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2007/people_awards.html |archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate of Science from the Department of Informatics of the [[Athens University of Economics and Business]] (AUEB) (2007)
* Friedrich L. Bauer-Prize, [[Technical University of Munich]] (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.tum.de/forschung/auszeichnungen/detail/newsarticle/hoare-sir-charles-antony-richard.html |title=Preisverleihung auf der Festveranstaltung "40 Jahre Informatik in München": TU München vergibt Friedrich L. Bauer-Preis an Tony Hoare |date=26 October 2007 |access-date=14 May 2016 |language=de |publisher=[[Technical University of Munich]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610023325/http://www.in.tum.de/forschung/auszeichnungen/detail/newsarticle/hoare-sir-charles-antony-richard.html |archive-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[SIGPLAN]] Programming Languages Achievement Award (2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sigplan.org/Awards/Achievement/2011 |title=Programming Languages Achievement Award 2011 |publisher=ACM |access-date={{Format date|2012|08|28}}}}</ref>
* [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] (2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/von_neumann_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ieee.org/documents/von_neumann_rl.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=dead |title=IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients |publisher=IEEE |access-date={{Format date|2011|02|26}}}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate, [[University of Warsaw]] (2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/wydarzenia/58228/ |title=Profesor Hoare doktorem honoris causa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |publisher=[[University of Warsaw]] |date=15 November 2012 |access-date=26 November 2012 |last=Krzysztof |first=Diks |language=pl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114200/http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/wiadomosci/aktualnosci/wydarzenia/58228/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate, [[Complutense University of Madrid]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emes.es/Actualidad/Noticias/Noticia/ucm/tabid/581/itemid/4529/type/noticia/Default.aspx?utm_campaign |title=Los informáticos Tony Hoare y Mateo Valero serán investidos hoy doctores honoris causa por la Complutense |date=10 May 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |language=es}}</ref>
*[[Royal Medal]] of the Royal Society (2023)<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/royal-medal/ Royal Medal 2023]</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Personal life==
In 1962, Hoare married [[Jill Hoare|Jill Pym]], a member of his research team.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Cliff |editor-link=Cliff Jones (computer scientist) |editor2-last=Roscoe |editor2-first=A. W. |editor2-link=Bill Roscoe |editor3-last=Wood |editor3-first=Kenneth R. |title=Reflections on the Work of C.A.R. Hoare |url=https://archive.org/details/reflectionsonwor00jone |url-access=limited |publisher=Springer Science |date=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/reflectionsonwor00jone/page/n17 3]|bibcode=2010rwch.book.....R }}</ref>

==Books==
* {{cite book
 |last1=Dahl |first1=O.-J. |author-link=Ole-Johan Dahl |last2=Dijkstra |first2=E. W. |author2-link=Edsger Dijkstra |last3=Hoare |first3=C. A. R.
 |year=1972
 |title=Structured Programming
 |publisher=[[Academic Press]]
 |isbn=978-0-12-200550-3
 |oclc=23937947
}}
* C. A. R. Hoare (1985). ''[[Communicating Sequential Processes]]''. [[Prentice Hall]] International Series in Computer Science. {{ISBN|978-0131532717}} (hardback) or {{ISBN|978-0131532892}} (paperback). (Available online at http://www.usingcsp.com/ in PDF format.)
* {{cite book
 |last1=Hoare |first1=C. A. R. |editor-last1=C. B. |editor-first1=Jones
 |year=1989
 |title=Essays in computing science
 |url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=SERIES11430.63445
 |publisher=Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science
 |isbn=978-0-13-284027-9
}}
* {{cite book
 |last1=Hoare |first1=C. A. R. |last2=Gordon |first2=M. J. C. |author2-link=Michael J. C. Gordon
 |year=1992
 |title=Mechanised Reasoning and Hardware Design
 |publisher=Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science
 |isbn=978-0-13-572405-7
 |oclc=25712842
}}
* {{cite book
 |last1=Hoare |first1=C. A. R. |last2=He |first2=Jifeng |author2-link=He Jifeng
 |year=1998
 |title=Unifying Theories of Programming
 |publisher=Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science
 |isbn=978-0-13-458761-5
 |oclc=38199961
 |title-link=Unifying Theories of Programming
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}
{{CC-notice|cc=by4 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/antony-hoare-11627/}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|C. A. R. Hoare}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{Official website|www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/tony.hoare}}

{{Software engineering}}
{{ALGOL programming}}
{{Turing award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoare, Tony}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Colombo]]
[[Category:People educated at The Dragon School]]
[[Category:People educated at The King's School, Canterbury]]
[[Category:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Academics of Queen's University Belfast]]
[[Category:British computer scientists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Computer Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of Wolfson College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Formal methods people]]
[[Category:History of computing in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Advanced Technology]]
[[Category:Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Microsoft employees]]
[[Category:Moscow State University alumni]]
[[Category:Programming language researchers]]
[[Category:Turing Award laureates]]
[[Category:Computer science writers]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:British expatriates in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford]]