Editing Tony Harrison

{{Short description|British poet and playwright (born 1937)}}
{{other people}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name          = Tony Harrison
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| birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1937|4|30|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Leeds]], [[County Borough of Leeds]], England
| death_date    = 
| death_place   = 
| occupation    = Poet, dramatist, librettist
| nationality   = 
| citizenship   = 
| education     = Classics
| alma_mater    = [[University of Leeds]]<ref name="Rosenthal2007">{{cite book|author=Alan Rosenthal|title=Writing, directing, and producing documentary films and videos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9jgqxRE8ioC&pg=PA78|access-date=17 May 2013|year=2007|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-8772-4|pages=78–}}</ref>
| period        = 
| genre         = 
| subjects      = 
| movement      = 
| notableworks  = [[V (poem)|V]]
| spouse        = 
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| children      = 
| relatives     = 
| awards = [[European Prize for Literature]] (2010)
| influences = 
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}}

'''Tony Harrison''' (born 30 April 1937) is an English poet, translator and playwright. He was born in [[Beeston, Leeds|Beeston]], [[Leeds]] and he received his education in Classics from [[Leeds Grammar School]] and [[Leeds University]].<ref name="Head2006">{{cite book|author=Dominic Head|title=The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQINrHtwNU0C&pg=PA488|access-date=14 May 2013|date=26 January 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-83179-6|pages=488–489}}</ref> He is one of Britain's foremost verse writers and many of his works have been performed at the [[Royal National Theatre]].<ref name="Head2006"/> He is noted for controversial works such as the poem "[[V (poem)|V]]", as well as his versions of dramatic works: from [[Ancient Greek literature|ancient Greek]] such as the [[tragedy|tragedies]] ''[[Oresteia]]'' and ''[[Lysistrata]]'', from French [[Molière]]'s ''[[The Misanthrope]]'', from [[Middle English]] ''[[The Mysteries]]''.<ref name="Head2006"/> He is also noted for his outspoken views, particularly those on the [[Iraq War]].<ref name="Head2006"/><ref name="whos who">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U19279 |title=HARRISON, Tony |work=Who's Who 2012 |publisher=A & C Black |access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="cold coming">{{cite book |title=A Cold Coming |last=Harrison |first=Tony |year=1991 |publisher=Bloodaxe Books |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |isbn=1-85224-186-1 }}</ref> In 2015, he was honoured with the David Cohen Prize in recognition for his body of work.<ref>Jonathan McAloon, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240722011434/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookprizes/11436858/Tony-Harrison-wins-David-Cohen-Prize-for-Literature-2015.html%27Obscene%27 poet Tony Harrison wins David Cohen Prize for Literature 2015], Telegraph, 26 February 2015.</ref> In 2016, he was awarded the Premio Feronia in [[Rome]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrated Leeds-born poet and playwright Tony Harrison receives prestigious Leeds Award|url=https://news.leeds.gov.uk/news/celebrated-leeds-born-poet-and-playwright-tony-harrison-receives-prestigious-leeds-award|access-date=2021-09-14|website=Leeds City Council News|language=english}}</ref>

==Works==

Adaptation of the English Medieval [[Mystery Plays]], based on the [[York Mystery Plays|York]] and [[Wakefield Mystery Plays|Wakefield]] cycles, ''[[The Mysteries (play)|The Mysteries]]'', were first performed in 1985 by the Royal National Theatre.<ref name="Head2006"/> Interviewed by [[Melvyn Bragg]] for [[BBC]] television in 2012, Harrison said: "It was only when I did the Mystery Plays and got [[Northern England|Northern]] actors doing verse, that I felt that I was reclaiming the energy of classical verse in the voices that it was created for."<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01czct7 "Melvyn Bragg on Class and Culture: Episode 2], [[BBC2]], broadcast 2 March 2012</ref>

One of his best-known works is the long poem "[[V (poem)|V]]" (1985), written during the [[UK miners' strike (1984-1985)|miners' strike of 1984–85]], and describing a trip to see his parents' grave in [[Beeston, Leeds#Holbeck Cemetery|Holbeck Cemetery]] in [[Beeston, Leeds]], "now littered with beer cans and vandalised by obscene graffiti".<ref>{{Cite web |title=V. by Tony Harrison – Moving Poems |url=https://www.movingpoems.com/2012/02/v-by-tony-harrison/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.movingpoems.com|date=9 February 2012 }}</ref> The title has several possible interpretations: victory, versus, verse, [[V sign#As an insult|insulting V sign]] etc. Proposals to screen a filmed version of "V" by [[Channel 4]] in October 1987 drew howls of outrage from the tabloid press, some broadsheet journalists, and MPs, apparently concerned about the effects its "torrents of obscene language" and "streams of four-letter filth" would have on the nation's youth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-06 |title=Tony Harrison's V: Why a poem outraged 1980s Britain |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250305-tony-harrisons-v-why-a-poem-outraged-1980s-britain |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Indeed, an [[Early day motion|Early Day Motion]] entitled "Television Obscenity" was proposed on 27 October 1987 by a group of [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs), who condemned Channel 4 and the [[Independent Broadcasting Authority]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-15 |title=Why the fuss over Tony Harrison's poem V? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21024372 |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> The motion was opposed only by MP [[Norman Buchan]], who suggested that fellow members had either failed to read or failed to understand the poem. The broadcast went ahead and, after widespread press coverage, the uproar subsided. [[Gerald Howarth]] MP said that Harrison was "Probably another [[bolshie]] poet wishing to impose his frustrations on the rest of us". When told of this, Harrison retorted that Howarth was "Probably another idiot MP wishing to impose his intellectual limitations on the rest of us".<ref name="The Independent">{{cite news|title=The Blagger's Guide To: Tony Harrison|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-blaggers-guide-to-tony-harrison-7687291.html|access-date=16 May 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=29 April 2012}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Richard Eyre]] calls Harrison's 1990 play, ''[[The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus]]'' "among the five most imaginative pieces of drama in the 90s". [[Jocelyn Herbert]], famous designer of the British theatrical scene, comments that Harrison is aware of the dramatic visual impact of his ideas: "The idea of satyrs jumping out of boxes in Trackers is wonderful for the stage. Some writers just write and have little idea what it will look like, but Tony always knows exactly what he wants."<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|title=The Guardian Profile: Tony Harrison Man of mysteries|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/apr/01/poetry.theatre|access-date=17 May 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 April 2000}}</ref>

[[Edith Hall]] has written that she is convinced that Harrison's 1998 [[film-poem]] ''[[Prometheus (1998 film)|Prometheus]]'' is "artistic reaction to the fall of the British working class" at the end of the twentieth century,<ref name="Edith Hall"/><ref name="Hardwick2003">{{cite book|author=Lorna Hardwick|title=Reception Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKYSc5RDMncC&pg=PA84|access-date=12 May 2013|date=15 May 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-19-852865-4|pages=84–85}}</ref> and considers it as "the most important adaptation of classical myth for a radical political purpose for years" and Harrison's "most brilliant artwork, with the possible exception of his stage play ''The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus''".<ref name="Edith Hall">{{cite web|title=Tony Harrison's Prometheus: A View from the Left|url=http://www.bu.edu/arion/files/2010/03/Hall-Harrison-Prometheus.pdf|author=Edith Hall|author-link=Edith Hall|quote=...&nbsp;an essential requirement in a film where the most unlikely wheezing ex-miner is slowly made to represent Prometheus himself}}</ref>

Professor [[Roger Griffin]] of the Department of History at [[Oxford Brookes University]], in his paper ''The palingenetic political community: rethinking the legitimation of totalitarian regimes in inter-war Europe'', describes Harrison's film-poem as "magnificent" and suggests that Harrison is trying to tell his audience
"To avoid falling prey to the collective mirage of a new order, to stay wide awake while others succumb to the [[lethe]] of the group mind, to resist the gaze of modern Gorgons".<ref name=Griffin>{{cite journal|title=The palingenetic political community: rethinking the legitimation of totalitarian regimes in inter-war Europe.|journal=[[Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions]]|date=December 2002|volume=3|issue=3|pages=24–43|url=http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/resources/griffin/palingcomm.pdf|author=Roger Griffin|doi=10.1080/714005484|s2cid=143065785 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Bibliography==

=== Poetry ===
* ''[[The Loiners]]'' (1970)
* ''From the School of Eloquence and Other Poems'' (1978)
* ''Continuous (50 Sonnets from the School of Eloquence and Other Poems)'' (1981)
* ''A Kumquat for John Keats'' (1981)
* ''[[V (poem)|V]]'' (1985)
* '' Dramatic Verse,1973–85'' (1985)
* ''The Gaze of the Gorgon'' (1992)
* ''Black Daisies for the Bride'' (1993)
* ''The Shadow of Hiroshima and Other Film/Poems'' (1995)
* ''The Bright Lights of Sarajevo'' (1995)
* ''Laureate's Block and Other Occasional Poems'' (2000)
* ''Under the Clock'' (2005)
* ''Selected Poems'' (2006)
* ''Collected Poems'' (2007)
* ''Collected Film Poetry'' (2007)
* ''Kumkwat dla Johna Keatsa'', in [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Bohdan Zadura]] (trans.), Warszawa: PIW (1990)
* ''Sztuka i zagłada'', in Polish, Bohdan Zadura (trans.), Legnica: Biuro Literackie (1999)

=== Pamphlets ===
* ''Earthworks'' (1964)
* ''Newcastle is Peru'' (1969)
* ''Bow Down'' (1977)
* ''Looking Up'' (1979)
* ''A Kumquat for John Keats'' (1981)
* ''The Fire Gap '' (1985)
* ''Anno Forty Two, Seven New Poems'' (1987)
* ''Ten Sonnets from "The School of Eloquence"'' (1987)
* ''A Cold Coming'' (1991)
* ''A Maybe Day in Kazakhstan'' (1994)
* ''Polygons'' (2017)

=== Film and television ===

* ''[[The Blue Bird (1976 film)|The Blue Bird]]'': lyrics for [[George Cukor]] film (1976)
* ''Arctic Paradise'': verse commentary for film in series ''[[Natural World (TV series)|The World About Us]]'', producer: Andree Molyneux for [[BBC Two]] (1981)
* ''[[The Oresteia]]'': translation for [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] production with music by Harrison Birtwistle, filmed for [[Channel Four]] television. (October 1983)
* ''The Big H'': musical drama, producer: Andree Molyneux, for [[BBC Two]], (December 1984)
* ''[[The Mysteries]]'':  adaption of medieval English mystery plays for [[Royal National Theatre|the National Theatre]], produced by Bill Bryden and Derek Bailey, filmed for [[Channel Four]] television. December 1985, January 1986)
* ''Loving Memory'' four poem-films, producer [[Peter Symes]] for BBC Two
** ''Letters in Rock'': (July 1987)
** ''Mimmo Perrella Non è Piu'': (July 1987)
** ''Muffled Bells'': (July 1987)
** ''Cheating the Void'': (August 1987)
* ''[[V (poem)|v.]]'': poem filmed for television, producer [[Richard Eyre]] for [[Channel 4]] (1987)
* ''[[The Blasphemers' Banquet]]'': poem-film producer Peter Symes for [[BBC One]] (1989)
* ''[[The Gaze of the Gorgon]]'': poem-film for television. (1992) which examines the politics of conflict in the 20th century using the Gorgon as a metaphor. The imaginary narration of the film is done through the mouth of Jewish poet [[Heinrich Heine]]. Located in [[Corfu]] the film describes the connection between the Corfu Gorgon at the [[Artemis Temple of Corfu]] and [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=British Film Institute|title=The Gaze of the Gorgon|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/478387?view=synopsis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213075155/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/478387?view=synopsis|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Merten|first=Karl|title=Antike Mythen – Mythos Antike: posthumanistische Antikerezeption in der englischsprachigen Lyrik der Gegenwart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dg6tAf3x1zIC&pg=PA106|access-date=4 May 2013|year=2004|publisher=Wilhelm Fink Verlag|isbn=978-3-7705-3871-3|pages=105–106|quote=der Räume und Kunstwerke des Achilleions hat, von entsprechendem dokumentarischem Filmmaterial begleitet.}}</ref>
* ''[[Prometheus (1998 film)|Prometheus]]'': television film, also directed by the author (1998)

=== Theatre and opera ===
* ''Aikin Mata'' with [[James Simmons (poet)|James Simmons]] (play), Nigeria (March 1964). An adaption of [[Aristophanes]]'s ''[[Lysistrata]]''. 
* ''The Misanthrope'' (play), [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre Company]] (opened at [[the Old Vic]] on 20 February 1973). Adaptation of [[Molière]]'s ''[[The Misanthrope|Le Misanthrope]]''.
* ''Phaedra Britannica'' (play), [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre Company]] (opened at [[the Old Vic]] on 3 September 1975). Adaptation of [[Jean Racine|Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' 
* ''Bow Down'' (play with [[Harrison Birtwistle]]), [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] (4 July 1977).<ref name="universaledition">{{cite web|url=http://www.universaledition.com/Bow-Down-Sir-Harrison-Birtwistle/composers-and-works/composer/64/work/1402|title=Sir Harrison Birtwistle – Bow Down – Universal Edition|publisher=universaledition.com|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[The Bartered Bride]]'', translation into English of the opera by [[Bedrich Smetana]], first seen at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] on 25 October 1978
*''[[Yan Tan Tethera (opera)|Yan Tan Tethera]]'' (libretto for Harrison Birtwistle's opera), (1986).<ref name="universaledition2">{{cite web|url=http://www.universaledition.com/Sir-Harrison-Birtwistle/composers-and-works/composer/64/work/5837|title=Sir Harrison Birtwistle – Yan Tan Tethera – Universal Edition|publisher=universaledition.com|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
* ''The Common Chorus'' (play), (1988). An adaption of [[Aristophanes]]'s ''[[Lysistrata]]''. 
* ''[[The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus]]'' (play), (1990). A hit play.
* ''Square Rounds'' (play), Olivier Stage (1992).<ref>{{cite news |title=A Sub-Brechtian 'Square Rounds' |first=Sheridan |last=Morley |author-link=Sheridan Morley |date=7 October 1992 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/07/style/07iht-lond_0.html}}</ref><ref name="independent">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-bang-bang-dead-confusing-square-rounds-olivier-national-theatre-who-shall-i-be-tomorrow-1555481.html |title=THEATRE / Bang, bang, dead confusing: Square Rounds – Olivier, National Theatre, 4 October 1992; Who Shall I Be Tomorrow? – Greenwich Theatre; The Darling Family – Old Red Lion; Lady Aoi – New End &#124; Culture &#124 |work=The Independent |access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
*''[[The Labourers of Herakles]]'' (play), (1995).
*''The Prince's Play'', National Theatre, London, 1996. A translation and adaptation of [[Victor Hugo]]'s ''[[Le Roi s'amuse]]''. The play was subsequently published by Faber and Faber.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-the-princes-play-royal-national-theatre-1306267.html Independent newspaper review of the play, 22 April 1996.] Accessed 16 January 2015.</ref>
* ''[[Fram (play)|Fram]]'' (play), [[Royal National Theatre]] (10 April 2008).

=== About Harrison and his poetry ===

* {{cite book |title=Tony Harrison |series=Bloodaxe Critical Anthologies |volume= 1 |editor1-last=Astley |editor1-first=Neil |editor-link=Neil Astley |year=1991 |publisher=Bloodaxe Books |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |isbn=1-85224-079-2 }}
* {{cite book |title=Tony Harrison: Loiner |editor1-last=Byrne |editor1-first=Sandie |year=1997 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miISDAAAQBAJ |isbn=0-19-818430-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Rutter |first=Carol |year=1995 |title=Permanently Bard |publisher=Bloodaxe Books |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |isbn=1-85224-262-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/permanentlybards0000harr }}
* {{cite book |last=Sheehan |first=Sean |title=The Poetry of Tony Harrison |series=Focus On |year=2008 |publisher=Greenwich Exchange |location=London |isbn=978-1-906075-15-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Spencer |first=Luke |year=1994 |title=The Poetry of Tony Harrison |location=Hemel Hempstead |publisher=Harvester Wheatsheaf |isbn=0-7450-1588-3}}

== Literary prizes ==
* 1972 [[Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize]] (for ''The Loiners'' 1970)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Comma |title=Tony Harrison {{!}} Comma Press |url=https://commapress.co.uk/authors/tony-harrison |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=commapress.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>
* 1983 [[European Poetry Translation Prize]] (Aeschylus's ''The Oresteia'' 1981)
* 1982 [[Whitbread Prize for Poetry]] (''[[The Gaze of the Gorgon]]'' 1992)<ref name=":0" />
* 2004 [[Northern Rock Foundation]] Writer's Award
* 2007 Wilfred Owen Poetry Award<ref name="wilfredowen">{{cite web|url=http://www.wilfredowen.org.uk |title=The Wilfred Owen Association |publisher=wilfredowen.org.uk|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
* 2009 [[PEN/Pinter prize]], inaugural award.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/sep/22/tony-harrison-pen-pinter-prize Alison Flood, "Tony Harrison wins inaugural PEN/Pinter prize."] 22 September 2009, ''Guardian''</ref>
* 2010 [[European Prize for Literature]]
* 2014 [[European Poetry Prize]]
* 2015 [[David Cohen Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/26/tony-harrison-celebration-winner-2015-david-cohen-prize |title=Tony Harrison: still open for business |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Stephen |last=Moss |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
*2016 [https://www.faber.co.uk/author/tony-harrison/ Premio Feronia]

==Reviews==
* [[Cairns Craig|Craig, Cairns]] (1982), ''Giving Speech to the Silent'', which includes a review of ''Continuous: 50 Sonnets from The School of Eloquence'', in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), ''[[Cencrastus]]'' No. 10, Autumn 1982, pp.&nbsp;43 & 44, {{issn|0264-0856}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}
{{Library resources box
|by=no
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|about=yes
|label=Tony Harrison}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212110042/http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/personpage.asp?author=Tony+Harrison Tony Harrison on Bloodaxe Books website]
* {{British council|id=tony-harrison|name=Tony Harrison}}
* [http://www.faber.co.uk/author/tony-harrison/ Tony Harrison on the Faber and Faber website]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/mar/31/poetry.tonyharrison Guardian newspaper interview (March 2007)]
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/node/134475 New Statesman profile (April 1999)]
* Archival material at [https://explore.library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections-explore/35040/tony_harrison_archive Leeds University Library]
{{David Cohen Prize}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, Tony}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds]]
[[Category:People educated at Leeds Grammar School]]
[[Category:People from Gosforth]]
[[Category:Writers from Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Writers from Leeds]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:21st-century English writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century English dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century English poets]]
[[Category:21st-century British poets]]
[[Category:21st-century English male writers]]
[[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century English male writers]]