Editing Tomsk

{{Short description|City in Russia, administrative center of Tomsk Oblast}}
{{hatgrp|{{About|a major city in Russia|the fictional character of the same name|The Wombles{{!}}''The Wombles''}}
{{Distinguish|TomSka|Omsk}}}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Tomsk
| ru_name                 = Томск
| loc_name1               = Түң-тора
| loc_lang1               = [[Siberian Tatar language|Siberian Tatar]]
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = Tomsk0293.JPG
| image_caption           = View of Tomsk
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|56|30|N|84|58|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = 
| image_coa               = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = June&nbsp;7
| holiday_ref             = 
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Tomsk Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = 
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = Tomsk [[City of federal subject significance|City Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref267" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = [[Tomsk Oblast]]
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref267" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = [[Tomsky District]]
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = <ref name="Ref267" />
| adm_ctr_of3             = Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = <ref name="Ref267" />
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref267" />
| inhabloc_type           = City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
| inhabloc_type_ref       = <ref name="Ref267" />
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Tomsk Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref897" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Tomsk Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref897" />
| mun_admctr_of2          = Tomsky Municipal District
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = <ref name="Ref1270">Law #241-OZ</ref>
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = [[Dmitry Makhinya]]
| leader_name_ref         = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.tomsk.ru/pgs/3q|script-title=ru:Мэр города|publisher=Tomsk official web portal|language=ru|access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref>
| representative_body     = [[Duma of Tomsk|Duma]]
| representative_body_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://duma.admin.tomsk.ru|script-title=ru:Дума города Томска|publisher=Tomsk City Duma|language=ru|access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref>
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 294.6
| area_km2_ref            = <ref name="Offsite">Official website of the City of Tomsk. [http://www1.admin.tomsk.ru/www/passport.nsf/passport_web?OpenView&RestrictToCategory=8BBBF7799B19CA50C6256DA9002BE913 Structure of the Territory's Economy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629020056/http://www1.admin.tomsk.ru/www/passport.nsf/passport_web?OpenView&RestrictToCategory=8BBBF7799B19CA50C6256DA9002BE913 |date=June 29, 2008 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
| pop_2010census          = 524669
| pop_2010census_rank     = 32nd
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| pop_latest              = 
| pop_latest_date         = 
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1604
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = 
| current_cat_date        = 
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 634xxx
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 3822
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = http://www.admin.tomsk.ru/
|date=June 2020}}
'''Tomsk''' ({{langx|ru|Томск}}, {{IPA|ru|tomsk|IPA}}; {{langx|sty|Түң-тора|translit=Tüñ-tora}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Tomsk Oblast]] in [[Russia]], on the [[Tom (river)|Tom River]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2021=556,478|p2010=524,669|p2002=487,838|p1989=501,963}}

Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in [[Siberia]]. It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including [[Tomsk State University]], the oldest university in Siberia.<ref>''A Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors'', Guilford Press, New York, 2011 {{ISBN|978-1-606-23933-9}} p. 398</ref>

==History==
[[File:FoundingSpotTomsk.jpg|160px|thumb|left|The "Where Tomsk was Founded" marker at the Tomsk History Museum.]]

[[File: Siberian State Medical University.jpg |thumb|[[Siberian State Medical University]]]]

Tomsk originated with a decree by [[Tsar]] [[Boris Godunov]] in 1604 after {{Interlanguage link multi|Toian|ru|3=Тоян}}, the [[Siberian Tatars|Tatar]] duke of {{Interlanguage link multi|Eushta (village)|lt=Eushta|ru|3=Эушта}}, asked for the Tsar's protection against [[Yenisei Kirghiz|Kyrgyz]].<ref name="hrono1600">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrono.ru/1600tomsk.html |title=Томская Хроника XVII—XVIII вв. |publisher=Хронос. Всемирная история в Интернете |author=Хахалкин А.А. |access-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015203348/http://hrono.ru/1600tomsk.html |archive-date=October 15, 2011 |quote=1603.12. - 1604.01. Поездка Тояна в Москву. Тоян подал челобитную царю Борису Годунову с просьбой принять его со всеми 'томскими людьми под высокую государеву руку'. [December 1603 to January 1604: Toyan's visit to Moscow. Toyan swore homage to Tsar Boris Godunov, requesting him to take himself and all 'the people of the Tom under his Lordship's protection'.] |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Tsar sent 200 [[Cossacks]] under the command of {{Interlanguage link multi|Vasily Fomich Tyrkov|ru|3=Тырков, Василий Фомич}} and [[Gavriil Ivanovich Pisemsky]] to construct a fortress on the bank of the [[Tom River]], overlooking what would become the city of Tomsk. Toian ceded the land for the fortress to the Tsar.<ref name="gen_commersant">[http://www.kommersant.com/t-72/r_5/n_416/Tomsk_Region/ General Information about Tomsk, Kommersant Daily] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207013219/http://www.kommersant.com/t-72/r_5/n_416/Tomsk_Region/ |date=February 7, 2007 }}</ref>

In 1804, the [[Imperial Russian government]] selected Tomsk as the seat of the new [[Tomsk Governorate]], which would include the modern cities of [[Novosibirsk]], [[Kemerovo]], and [[Krasnoyarsk]], as well as the territories now in Eastern [[Kazakhstan]]. The new status brought development and the city grew quickly.<ref name="gen_commersant" />

The discovery of [[gold]] in 1830 brought further development to Tomsk in the 19th century; however, when in the 1890s the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] bypassed the city in favor of the village of Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk), development began to move south to connect with the railway. In time, [[Novosibirsk]] would surpass Tomsk in importance.

In the mid-19th century one fifth of the city's residents were [[exile]]s. However, within a few years, the city reinvented itself as the educational center of Siberia with the establishment of [[Tomsk State University]], founded in 1880, and [[Tomsk Polytechnic University]], founded in 1896. By [[World War II]], every twelfth resident of the city was a student,<ref name="gen_commersant" /> giving rise to the city's nickname, the ''Siberian [[Athens]]''.

After the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, the city became a notable center of the [[White movement]], led by [[Anatoly Pepelyayev]] and [[Maria Bochkareva]], among others. After the victory of the [[Red Army]] in the 1920s, Soviet authorities incorporated Tomsk into the [[West Siberian Krai]] and later into [[Novosibirsk Oblast]].

Like many Siberian cities, Tomsk became the new home for many factories relocated out of the war zone from 1941. The resulting growth of the city led the Soviet government to establish the new Tomsk Oblast, with Tomsk serving as the administrative center.<ref name="gen_commersant" />

During the [[Cold War]], Tomsk became one of many designated [[closed city|closed cities]],{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} which outsiders and, in particular, foreigners, could not visit. In 1949 matters went a stage further with the establishment of a secret city, known as "Tomsk-7<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village of Georgiyevka - Tomsk-7 Victims Documentation (Russia: 2005) |url=https://media.greenpeace.org/archive/Village-of-Georgiyevka---Tomsk-7-Victims-Documentation--Russia--2005--27MZIFLLW8YV.html |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Greenpeace Media}}</ref>" (or sometimes simply as "Postbox 5") {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}} north-west of Tomsk; the new settlement became the home of the [[Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant|Tomsk Nuclear Plant]] (subsequently renamed the Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant), the [[Soviet Union]]'s first industrial-scale nuclear-power station. Tomsk-7 received municipal status in 1956 and was renamed [[Seversk]] in 1992.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Tomsk serves as the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]] and, within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it also serves as the administrative center of [[Tomsky District]], even though it is not  a part of it.<ref name="Ref267">Law #271-OZ</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with seven [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated separately as '''Tomsk [[City of federal subject significance|City Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Tomsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref267" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as '''Tomsk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref897">Law #238-OZ</ref>

===City divisions===
Tomsk is divided into four city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, and Sovetsky.

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
Tomsk has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'') barely escaping a [[subarctic]] classification. The annual average temperature is {{convert|+1.2|C}}. Winters are severe and lengthy, and the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-55|C}} in January 1931. However, the average temperature in January is between {{convert|-21|C}} and {{convert|-13|C}}. The average temperature in July is {{convert|+18.8|C}}. The total annual rainfall is {{convert|587|mm|sp=us}}. In 2006, Tomsk experienced what might have been its first recorded winds of [[hurricane force]], which toppled trees and damaged houses.<ref name="pogoda_tomsk">[http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/29430.htm Погода и климат - Климат Томска (Weather and climate - Climate of Tomsk)]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Tomsk (1991–2020, extremes 1837–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 3.7
|Feb record high C = 7.5
|Mar record high C = 17.7
|Apr record high C = 30.1
|May record high C = 34.4
|Jun record high C = 35.6
|Jul record high C = 35.6
|Aug record high C = 33.8
|Sep record high C = 31.7
|Oct record high C = 25.1
|Nov record high C = 11.6
|Dec record high C = 6.5
|year record high C = 35.6
|Jan high C = −13.4
|Feb high C = −9.0
|Mar high C = −0.4
|Apr high C = 8.7
|May high C = 17.5
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 25.0
|Aug high C = 21.9
|Sep high C = 14.7
|Oct high C = 6.3
|Nov high C = −4.8
|Dec high C = −11.1
|year high C = 6.5
|Jan mean C = −17.5
|Feb mean C = −14.2
|Mar mean C = −6.3
|Apr mean C = 2.6
|May mean C = 10.4
|Jun mean C = 16.5
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 15.9
|Sep mean C = 9.2
|Oct mean C = 2.0
|Nov mean C = −8.2
|Dec mean C = −14.9
|year mean C = 1.2
|Jan low C = −21.2
|Feb low C = −18.4
|Mar low C = −11.2
|Apr low C = −2.2
|May low C = 4.9
|Jun low C = 11.2
|Jul low C = 13.8
|Aug low C = 11.3
|Sep low C = 5.2
|Oct low C = −1.1
|Nov low C = −11.3
|Dec low C = −18.5
|year low C = -3.1
|Jan record low C = −55.0
|Feb record low C = −51.3
|Mar record low C = −42.4
|Apr record low C = −31.1
|May record low C = −17.5
|Jun record low C = −3.5
|Jul record low C = 1.5
|Aug record low C = −1.6
|Sep record low C = −8.1
|Oct record low C = −29.1
|Nov record low C = −48.3
|Dec record low C = −50.0
|year record low C = −55.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 36
|Feb precipitation mm = 26
|Mar precipitation mm = 29
|Apr precipitation mm = 35
|May precipitation mm = 50
|Jun precipitation mm = 60
|Jul precipitation mm = 72
|Aug precipitation mm = 68
|Sep precipitation mm = 52
|Oct precipitation mm = 53
|Nov precipitation mm = 55
|Dec precipitation mm = 51
|year precipitation mm = 587
|Jan snow depth cm = 58
|Feb snow depth cm = 68
|Mar snow depth cm = 70
|Apr snow depth cm = 30
|May snow depth cm = 0
|Jun snow depth cm = 0
|Jul snow depth cm = 0
|Aug snow depth cm = 0
|Sep snow depth cm = 0
|Oct snow depth cm = 2
|Nov snow depth cm = 15
|Dec snow depth cm = 41
|year snow depth cm = 70
|Jan rain days = 0.3
|Feb rain days = 0.3
|Mar rain days = 2
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 16
|Jun rain days = 17
|Jul rain days = 17
|Aug rain days = 17
|Sep rain days = 19
|Oct rain days = 15
|Nov rain days = 5
|Dec rain days = 1
|year rain days = 122
|Jan snow days = 23
|Feb snow days = 21
|Mar snow days = 17
|Apr snow days = 13
|May snow days = 4
|Jun snow days = 0.3
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 2
|Oct snow days = 14
|Nov snow days = 22
|Dec snow days = 26
|year snow days = 142
|Jan humidity = 81
|Feb humidity = 78
|Mar humidity = 72
|Apr humidity = 65
|May humidity = 61
|Jun humidity = 70
|Jul humidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 79
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 80
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 82
|year humidity = 76
|Jan sun = 57
|Feb sun = 104
|Mar sun = 169
|Apr sun = 224
|May sun = 258
|Jun sun = 314
|Jul sun = 316
|Aug sun = 253
|Sep sun = 171
|Oct sun = 86
|Nov sun = 51
|Dec sun = 41
|year sun = 2044
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29430.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| access-date = 8 November 2021
| language = ru}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = HKO >
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/RA/29430.TXT
| title = Tomsk Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 3 November 2021}}</ref>
|date=January 2012

}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1897|52221|1926|92274|1939|145060|1959|248823|1970|338389|1979|420730|1989|501963|2002|487838|2010|524669|2021|556478|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}
{{Clear}}

== Politics ==
[[File:Tomsk-Administration.jpg|thumb|Tomsk City Administration building]]
[[File:Tomsk, view from the fire-observation tower.jpg|thumb|Tomsk, view from the fire-observation tower]]

Tomsk is governed by a mayor and a 33-member [[Duma of Tomsk|Duma]]. The current mayor, appointed in 2013, is [[Ivan Klyayn]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.admin.tomsk.ru/pgsml/08|title=Official Portal of "The city of Tomsk"|website=en.admin.tomsk.ru|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref> a member of The [[United Russia]] party.

Of the 33 members, 16 are elected from the eight [[Plurality voting system|double mandate]] districts while 17 are chosen from [[Party-list proportional representation|party lists]].

In the October 2005 local elections, [[United Russia]] was expected to cruise to a solid victory; however, the [[Russian Pensioners' Party|Pensioners Party]] put up a strong showing. The final count was (proportional representation):
*19.42% — '''5 seats''' — Pensioners Party
*17.85% — '''5 seats''' — [[United Russia]]
*9.95% — '''3 seats''' — [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|Communist Party]]
*8.57% — '''2 seats''' — [[Union of Rightist Forces]]/[[Yabloko]] coalition
*7.77% — '''2 seats''' — [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]
*14.67% — Against all candidates

;Double mandates
*'''10 seats''' — No party affiliation
*'''4 seats''' — United Russia
*'''1 seat''' — Pensioners Party
*'''1 seat''' — Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

===Vote===
In 2020, supporters of [[Alexei Navalny]] won at least 16 seats in Tomsk's 37-seat city council while the pro-Putin [[United Russia]] party secured no more than 11 seats.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-election/russias-ruling-party-loses-majority-in-siberian-council-targeted-by-stricken-navalny-idUSKBN2651LL "Russia's ruling party loses majority in Siberian council targeted by stricken Navalny"], reuters.com. Accessed 4 October 2023.</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Blazon monument in Tomsk.jpg|thumb|Lenin Square in Tomsk]]{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}

===Energy generation===
Tomsk has the oldest electrical grid in [[Siberia]]. There are three power stations in the city:
#TEC-1 (launched on January 1, 1896)
#GRES-2 (launched on May 28, 1945)
#TEC-3 (launched on October 29, 1988)

Tomsk consumes more electric energy than it produces. The bulk of the city's electric and thermal energy is produced by the GRES-2 (281 MWt) and TEC-3 (140 MWt) powerplants, belonging to Tomskenergo Inc. Tomsk supplements its energy needs with electricity generated at [[Seversk]].

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Siberia}}

A large number of educational institutions in the city have contributed to making Tomsk a major center for Russia's IT industry. Tomsk was one of the first cities in Russia to gain access to the Internet, which became available in the early 1990s owing to grants received by universities and scientific cooperation. Tomsk has a number of prominent institutions of higher education, including:

*[[Tomsk Polytechnic University]], founded in 1896 and opened in 1900, the oldest technical university in Siberia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Научно-образовательный комплекс {{!}} Администрация Томской области|url=https://tomsk.gov.ru/Nauchno-obrazovatelyniy-kompleks|website=tomsk.gov.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>
*[[Tomsk State University]], the oldest [[university]] in [[Siberia]] (founded in 1878, opened in 1888).<ref name=":0" />
*[[Siberian State Medical University]], founded in 1930.<ref name=":0" />
*[[Tomsk State Pedagogical University]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Tomsk State University of Architecture and Construction]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Tomsk Economics and Law University]]
*[[Tomsk Institute of Business]]
*Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]
*Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*Institute for Monitoring Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*Republican Scientific-Technical Center at [[Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS|ISPMS SB RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*High Current Electronics Institute, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS]]<ref name=":0" />
*Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat<ref name=":0" />
*Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Siberian Branch of [[Russian Academy of Sciences|RAS]]<ref name=":0" />

==Transportation==
[[File:Street Scene in Tomsk - Russia.JPG|thumb|Lenina Avenue in Tomsk]]

=== Roads ===

*northern branch of the [[M53 highway (Russia)|M53]] federal road;
*road R 398 to [[Kolpashevo]];
*road R 400 to [[Mariinsk]];
*Northern latitude highway [[Perm, Russia|Perm]]—[[Surgut]]—Tomsk (under construction).

===Railways===
Tomsk is a small railway center that is situated on the [[Tayga]]—[[Bely Yar, Verkhneketsky District, Tomsk Oblast|Bely Yar]] line ([[Tomsk branch]]) of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]].

The main line of the Trans-Siberian railway, built in 1896, bypasses the city {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} to the south. Access from Tomsk to the Trans-Siberian railway is available via the town of Tayga. A [[regional rail]] line links Tomsk with Tayga.

The [[Tomsk Railway]] existed as an independent entity until 1961. At the present time, the Tomsk line belongs to the [[West-Siberian Railway]], branch of [[Russian Railways|Russian Railways Corp.]] Trains link Tomsk to [[Anapa]], [[Asino]], [[Barnaul]], Bely Yar, [[Moscow]], [[Novokuznetsk]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Sochi]], and Tayga.

===Public transportation===
The majority of inner-city and suburban transportation is provided  by ''[[marshrutka]]s'' (routed taxis)  and minibuses (mostly manufactured by [[Pavlovo Bus Factory|PAZ]], and serving about forty routes).

Additionally, the city has eleven proper bus routes, eight trolleybus lines (built in 1967), and five tram lines (constructed in 1949). Private taxis are also readily available.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Asia AM928 AC225 20070910.JPG|Asia AM928
File:Mudan MD6106 BC997 20080122.jpg|[[Mudan Auto|Mudan]] MD6106
File:LiAZ 5256 45 BC965 20080404.jpg|[[LiAZ (Russia)|LiAZ-5256]]
File:PAZ buses in Tomsk, 2009.jpg|[[PAZ-3205]]
File:Tomsk tram 324 20070522.jpg|Tram KTM-19 (71-619KT)
File:Tomsk tram 305 20070514.jpg|Tram [[KTM-5|KTM-5M3]] (71-605)
File:Tomsk trolley 338.jpg|Tomsk trolley 
File:Trolza trolleybuses in Tomsk.jpg|Trolleybuses [[Trolza]]
File:Tomsk trolleybus 405 20100427.JPG|AKSM-321 low-floor trolleybus
Tomsk_-_Bogashevo_(TOF_-_UNTT)_AN1038500.jpg|[[Bogashevo Airport]]
ТЭМ2УМ-580 на станции Томск-1.jpg|[[Tomsk-1 railway station]]
Речной порт Томск.jpg|Tomsk River Port
</gallery>

===Air transportation===
The city is served by [[Bogashevo Airport]], which offers both domestic and international flights.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Общие сведения|url=https://tomskairport.ru/airport/info/|website=ООО «Аэропорт ТОМСК»|language=ru|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> Located 20 kilometers from the city center, the airport was renovated in 2013.<ref name=":1" /> The airport is home to offices for [[S7 Airlines]], [[Aeroflot]], [[Ural Airlines]], [[Turukhan Airlines]], [[NordStar|NordStar Airlines]], [[RusLine]], [[Red Wings Airlines]], [[ALROSA (airline)|ALROSA]], and [[UTair Aviation]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Water transportation ===
There is a commercial and passenger port on the [[Tom River]].

==Culture==
[[File:Tomsk Lenin 75.jpg|160px|thumb|Tomsk Museum for Regional Studies and the Organ Hall of the Philharmonic]]
[[File:Shishkov House Window Carving.jpg|160px|thumb|Example of wood carving in Tomsk wooden architecture]]

Tomsk has many local cultural institutions including several drama theaters, as well as a children's theater and a puppet theater. Major concert venues in the city include the Conservatory Concert hall and the Tomsk Palace of Sport. The city also boasts cultural centers dedicated to [[Germany|German]], [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Tatar language|Tatar]] languages and culture.

One of the city's prominent theaters was destroyed in an act of [[terrorism]] in 1905. The [[Korolevsky Theater]] (built in 1884–85) was being used by a group of [[communist]] revolutionaries when the theater was attacked and set on fire by members of the [[Black Hundred]], a hard-line nationalist organization. Those who escaped the flames were gunned down by Black Hundred members waiting outside the theater. Estimates put the number of casualties between 200 and 1000.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}

There are a number of museums in Tomsk devoted to various subjects, most notably art, local history and wood carving. There is also a Museum of Oppression, housed in a former KGB dungeon. Tomsk State University has a number of small museums with exhibits on [[archaeology]], [[paleontology]], [[zoology]], as well as a [[herbarium]] and a [[Porfiry Krylov (botanist)|botanical garden]]

As in many other cities in the former [[Soviet Union]], the revolutionary government destroyed a number of old churches in the city including two that had existed since the 17th century. However, Tomsk managed to save some of its churches by transforming them into machine shops, warehouses, archives, and even residential buildings. Since the end of the communist era some of the churches have been renovated and returned to their congregations.

Tomsk is well known for its intricate "gingerbread" decoration of traditional wooden houses in the area. However, the number of old homes in this style is decreasing due to redevelopment or some of them catching fire, as the structures have little to no fire protection.

[[Trud Stadium (Tomsk)|Trud (Labor) Stadium]], in central Tomsk was the base for matches with the [[FC Tom Tomsk]], the city's professional [[association football|football]] club, before dissolving in 2022. The team's 2004 promotion to the [[Russian Premier League]] gave local fans a chance to see some of the nation's best teams play at the city's own stadium.

Tomsk has many local media outlets including the ''{{ill|TV2 (Tomsk)|ru|ТВ2}}'' television station, shut down by the authorities and turned into an internet TV medium,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/russia-tomsk-tv/2644267.html|script-title=ru:Томский телеканал ТВ2, закрытый властями, работает в Интернете|date=14 February 2015|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|language=ru|access-date=29 October 2015}}</ref> the radio stations ''[[Radio Siberia]]'' and ''[[Echo of Moscow|Echo of Moscow in Tomsk]]'' along with several newspapers (''[[Tomskaya Nedelya]], [[Krasnoye Znamya]]'' and ''[[Vechernii Tomsk]]'').

In April 2006 Tomsk received international media attention as the venue of a major summit on economic cooperation, held in the city between [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|German Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]].

==Notable people==

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Theodore Kuzmich of Tomsk]] (1776/1777 – 1864), Russian Orthodox saint
*[[Mikhail Bakunin]] (1814–1876), anarchist
*[[Maria Bochkareva]] (1889–1920), soldier
*[[Nikolai Borschevsky]] (b. 1965), hockey player
*[[Nikolay Burdenko]] (1876–1946), surgeon
*[[Edison Denisov]] (1929–1996), musician
*[[Nikolai Erdman]] (1900–1970), dramatist
*[[Abram Petrovich Gannibal]] (c. 1696 – 1781), general
*[[Leonid Govorov]] (1897–1955), [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Murat Kamaletdinov]] (1928–2013), geologist
*[[Nikolay Kamov]] (1902–1973), engineer
*[[Sasha Kaun]] (b. 1985), basketball player
*[[Sergey Kirov]] (1886–1934), statesman
*[[Nikolai Klyuev]] (1884–1937), poet
*[[Vladimir Korolenko]] (1853–1921), writer
*[[Valerian Kuybyshev]] (1888–1935), revolutionary
*[[Yegor Ligachyov]] (1920–2021), statesman
*[[Mikhail Mil]] (1909–1970), helicopter designer
*[[Theodor Molien]] (1861–1941), mathematician
*[[Nikolai Nikitin]] (1907–1973), engineer
*[[Vladimir Obruchev]]  (1863–1956), scientist
*[[Anatoly Pepelyayev]] (1891–1938), general
*[[Ivan Petlin]] (17th century), traveler
*[[Grigory Potanin]] (1835–1920), geographer
*[[Alexander Radishchev]] (1749–1802), writer, philosopher
*[[Viatcheslav Repin]] (born 1960), Russian and French author of novels, short stories and essays
*[[Nikolay Rukavishnikov]] (1932–2002), cosmonaut
*[[Gustav Shpet]] (1879–1937), philosopher
*[[Pyotr Sobolevsky]] 1904–1977), actor
*[[Konstantin Staniukovich]] (1843–1903), writer
*[[Kanysh Satbayev]] (1899–1964), geologist
*[[Herzl Yankl Tsam]] (1835–1915), military officer
*[[Mikhail Usov]] (1883–1939), geologist
*[[Alexander Melentyevich Volkov|Alexander Volkov]] (1891–1977), writer
*[[Lyubov Yegorova (cross-country skier)|Lyubov Yegorova]] (b. 1966), Olympic cross-country skier
*[[Yakov Yurovsky]] (1878–1938), Bolshevik
*[[Donk_(esports)|Danil Kryshkovets]] (b. 2007), [[Counter-Strike 2]] player better known as "donk"

{{div col end}}

==International relations==
Tomsk is the only non-capital member of the [[Asian Network of Major Cities 21]].

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Tomsk is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]], [[Michigan]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], [[Ohio]], United States
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novorossiysk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Smolensk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Ulsan]], [[South Korea]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Siberia}}
*[[Akademgorodok (Tomsk)|Akademgorodok in Tomsk]]
*[[Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, Tomsk]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|tom|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|tom|mun|list|tomsk}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|tom|mun|list|tomsky}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Tomsk}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Tomsk(1.) |volume= 23 |pages = 437&ndash;439 |last= Kropotkin |first= Peter Alexeivitch |author-link= Peter Kropotkin|short= 1}}
*[http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/10/25/tomsk_cultural_treasure_taiga05050.html Tomsk: Cultural treasure in the taiga]
*[http://album.tomsk.ru/ Pictures for the 400th anniversary of Tomsk] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=tomsk The Pictures of Tomsk on Flickr.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100116121421/http://www1.admin.tomsk.ru/cameras Tomsk live webcams] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.vivreenrussie.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8920 Pictures of Tomsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724122449/http://www.vivreenrussie.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8920 |date=July 24, 2011 }} {{in lang|fr}}

{{Tomsk Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tomsk| ]]
[[Category:1604 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1604]]
[[Category:Tomsk Governorate]]