Editing Tithe barns in Europe

{{Short description|Type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing rents and tithes}}
{{redirect|Tithe barn|for the Mormon structures found mainly in the United States|Tithing buildings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2016}}
[[File:Jesberg Zehntscheune.jpg|thumb|Former tithe barn in [[Jesberg]], Germany]]
[[File:Zehntscheune_Jesteburg.JPG|thumb|Tithe barn in [[Jesteburg]], Germany]]
A '''tithe barn''' was a type of [[Barn (building)|barn]] used in much of [[northern Europe]] in the [[Middle Ages]] for storing rents and [[tithe]]s. Farmers were required to give one-tenth of their produce to the [[established church]]. Tithe barns were usually associated with the village church or rectory, and independent farmers took their tithes there. The village priests did not have to pay tithes—the purpose of the tithe being their support. Some operated their own farms anyway. The former church property has sometimes been converted to [[village green]]s.

Many were monastic barns, originally used by the monastery itself or by a [[monastic grange]]. The word 'grange' is (indirectly) derived from Latin {{lang|la|granarium}} ('[[granary]]'). Identical barns were found on royal domains and country estates.

The medieval [[aisle#Stables and barns|aisled barn]] was developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, following the examples of royal [[hall]]s, hospitals and market halls. Its predecessors included Roman [[horreum|horrea]] and [[Neolithic long house]]s.

According to [[English Heritage]], "exactly how barns in general were used in the Middle Ages is less well understood than might be expected, and the subject abounds with myths (for example, not one of England's surviving architecturally impressive barns was a tithe barn, although such barns existed)".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/harmondsworth-barn/history-and-research/research |title=Research on Harmondsworth Barn |publisher=[[English Heritage]] |access-date=21 August 2013}}</ref>

==Examples==
===England===
====Medieval====
There are surviving examples of medieval barns in England, some of them known as "tithe barns". English Heritage established criteria to determine if barns were used as tithe barns.<ref name=GreatCoxwellNote>The Great Coxwell "Tithe Barn" was not really a tithe barn, according to English Heritage.</ref> The total number of surviving medieval barns (dated up to 1550) in Britain may be estimated about 200.<ref>{{cite book | first = Jeremy | last = Lake | title = Historic Farm Buildings: An Introduction and Guide | location = London | publisher = Cassell Illustrated | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0713719697}}</ref>
<!-- When adding to this list please make sure the barn _is_ a tithe barn and not an abbey estate's barn! -->

* Aberford C of E [[Primary School]], [[Aberford]], [[Leeds]] (Aberford School was based on a [[Redundant church|redundant]] tithe barn)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aberford.net/2006/12/lost-village-of-hillam-burchard.html |title=The Lost Village of Hillam Burchard |access-date= 21 July 2008 |last=Piper |first=Marolyn | date = 4 December 2006 | work = Aberford People}}</ref>
* [[Bank Hall Estate#Features|Bank Hall Barn]], [[Bretherton]], [[Lancashire]]
* [[The Bishop's Barn, Wells]], Somerset
* Bishop's Cleeve Tithe Barn, [[Gloucestershire]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cleevetithebarn.org.uk/Open_news.htm | title = The History of the Tithe Barn | date = 14 December 2013 | work = Bishop's Cleeve Village Hall - The Tithe Barn | publisher = Cleve Tithe Barn | access-date = 2 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Bradford on Avon Tithe Barn]], [[Wiltshire]]
* [[Carlisle Tithe Barn]]
* [[Church of the Holy Ghost, Midsomer Norton|Church of the Holy Ghost]], [[Midsomer Norton]], [[Somerset]]
* The Corbett Theatre, [[Loughton]], which was the tithe barn at [[Ditchling]]
* [[Cressing Temple]]
* [[East Riddlesden Hall]] ([[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]])
* [[The Great Barn]], [[Bourn]]<ref name="Medieval Bourn">{{cite journal |last1=Baxter |first1=Stephen |title=Medieval Bourn: A Cambridgeshire Village in the Middle Ages |url=https://www.academia.edu/30034537 |website=Academea |publisher=Burlington Digital Print Limited |access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>
* [[The Great Barn]], [[Ruislip]], [[Middlesex]]
* [[The Great Barn]], [[Titchfield]]
* [[The Great Barn]], [[Wanborough, Surrey|Wanborough]], [[Surrey]]
* [[Great Coxwell Tithe Barn]], [[Oxfordshire]]<ref name=GreatCoxwellNote />
* [[Harmondsworth Great Barn]], [[Harmondsworth]], [[Middlesex]]
* [[Landbeach Tithe Barn]], [[Landbeach]], Cambridgeshire<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/centuries-old-tithe-barn-given-12453432 | title = Centuries old tithe barn given boost by new grant: Volunteers want to restore the rare sixteenth-century barn for community use | first = Tom | last = Pilgrim | date = 15 January 2017 | work = Cambridge News | access-date = 2 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Middle Littleton]] tithe barn
* [[Nether Poppleton Tithebarn]], [[City of York]]
* Parish Hall and Rectory Chapel, [[Freshwater, Isle of Wight]]<ref name="IoW-LLB">{{cite web|url=https://www.iwight.com/azservices/documents/1322-Local%20List%20Database%20220211.pdf|title=Local List 22nd February 2011|date=22 February 2011|publisher=[[Isle of Wight Council]]|work=Isle of Wight Council's List of Locally Listed Buildings|access-date=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094209/https://www.iwight.com/azservices/documents/1322-Local%20List%20Database%20220211.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sextry Barn, Ely]]
* [[Swalcliffe]] Barn, Oxfordshire
* Tisbury Tithe Barn, Place Farm, Wiltshire <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1318824|title=TITHE BARN AT PLACE FARM, Tisbury - 1318824 &#124; Historic England|website=historicengland.org.uk}}</ref>
* [[Tithe Barn, Dunster|Tithe Barn]], [[Dunster]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dunstertithebarn.org.uk/history.html | title = HISTORY OF TITHES AND THE BARN | work=Dunster Tithe Barn |access-date=21 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Tithe Barn, Maidstone]], [[Kent]]
* [[Tithe Barn, Manor Farm, Doulting]], Somerset
* [[Tithe Barn, Pilton]], Somerset
* [[Upminster Tithe Barn Museum of Nostalgia|Upminster Tithe Barn]], [[Upminster]], Essex
* [[Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire|Upper Heyford]] tithe barn, Oxfordshire
* [[Haddenham, Buckinghamshire|Haddenham]] tithe barn, Buckinghamshire
* [[West Pennard Court Barn]]

====Later====
There are many extant barns that date from after the Medieval period and may be called "tithe barns" by their owners or councils. These include:
*[[Loseley Park]] tithe barn (17th century)
*[[Melling, Merseyside|Melling]] Tithebarn, Merseyside (c. 18th century)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | title = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association - The Tithebarn | work = MTAA: Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | publisher = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | access-date = 2 April 2018 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170209045622/http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | archive-date = 9 February 2017}}</ref>

===Scotland===
* [[Barn Church, Culloden]]

===Germany===
*[[Castle of Lissingen]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]

===France===
*Grange dimière, [[Tremblay-en-France]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.tourisme93.com/tithe-barn-tremblay.html |title=Tithe barn of Tremblay-en-France | work = Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme | publisher = Comité Départemental du Tourisme}}</ref>
*Grange de Meslay
*Priory of [[Le Mont Saint-Michel]]<ref>[http://www.pelerin-montsaintmichel.org Prieuré du Mont-Saint-Michel] Site ''Pelerin-montsaintmichel.org''</ref> (Ardevon).
*Silve Bénite in [[Le Pin, Isère|Le Pin]] (12th century).
*[[Écouen]] (14th–17th century<ref>{{Mérimée|PA00080047|Écouen}}</ref>).
*[[Ardenne Abbey]] in [[Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe]] (12th century).
*[[Samoreau]] (13th century).
*[[Maubuisson Abbey]] (13th century).
*[[Tremblay-en-France]] (13th century).
*[[Wissous]] (13th century).
*[[Chenu, Sarthe|Chenu]] (13th century).
*[[Dammarie-en-Puisaye]].<ref>{{Base Mérimée|PA00098763|Dammarie-en-Puisaye}}</ref>
*[[Maroilles Abbey]] (1735).
*[[Wallers]].

===Belgium===
*13th-century tithe barn of [[Ter Doest Abbey]] 
*[[Herkenrode Abbey]] near Hasselt

==See also==
*[[Bishop's storehouse]]
*[[Staddle stones#Function|Staddle stones: Function]]
*[[Tithe map]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | first = Anthony | last = Emery | title = Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 | volume = 1, Northern England | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-0521497237}}
*{{cite book | first = James BT | last = Emmons | title = Artifacts from Medieval Europe | publisher = Greenwood | year = 2015 | edition = 1st}}
*{{cite journal | first = Walter | last = Horn | title = On the Origins of the Medieval Bay System | journal = Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | year = 1958 | pages = 2–23| doi = 10.2307/987918 | jstor = 987918 }}
*{{cite book | first1 = Walter | last1 = Horn | first2 = Ernest | last2 = Born | title = The Barns of the Abbey of Beaulieu at its Granges of Great Coxwell and Beaulieu-St.-Leonards | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1965 | isbn = 978-0520005723}}
*{{cite book | first = Graham | last = Hughes | title = Barns of Rural Britain | location = London | publisher = Herbert Press Ltd | year = 1985 | isbn = 978-0906969366}}
*{{cite book | first = Malcolm | last = Kirk | title = The Barn: Silent Spaces | location = London | publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0500341353}}
*{{cite book | first = Roland W. | last = Morant | title = The Medieval Abbeys of England and Wales: A Resource Guide | location = Victoria, BC | publisher =  Trafford Publishing | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1412026048 | pages = 502–511}}
*{{cite book | first = Eric | last = Sloane | title = An Age of Barns: An Illustrated Review of Classic Barn Styles and Construction | publisher = Voyageur Press | year = 1967 | edition = 2005 – 4th}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tithe barns}}
*[https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4073893 Photographs of tithe barns] on geograph.org.uk

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tithe barns in Europe| ]]
[[Category:Barns]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in England]]