Editing Tisza

{{Short description|River in Central and Eastern Europe}}
{{other uses|Tisa (disambiguation)|Tisza (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox river
| name               = Tisza
| native_name        = {{native name list |tag1=hu|name1=Tisza |tag2=ro|name2=Tisa |tag3=rue|name3=Тиса |tag4=uk|name4=Тиса |tag5=sk|name5=Tisa |tag6=sr|name6={{lang|sr-Cyrl|Тиса}} / {{lang|sr-Latn|Tisa}}}}
| name_other         = 
| name_etymology     = 
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image              = Szeged-tisza3.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| image_caption      = The Tisza in [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]]
| map                = Tisza.png
| map_size           = 300
| map_caption        = Map of the Tisza
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_map_size   = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| mapframe          = yes
| mapframe-zoom     = 5
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1  = Countries
| subdivision_name1  = {{hlist|[[Ukraine]]|[[Romania]]|[[Hungary]]|[[Slovakia]]|[[Serbia]]}}
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| subdivision_type3  = 
| subdivision_name3  = 
| subdivision_type4  = 
| subdivision_name4  = 
| subdivision_type5  = Towns
| subdivision_name5  = {{hlist|[[Sighetu Marmației]]|[[Khust]]|[[Tokaj]]|[[Szolnok]]|[[Szeged]]|[[Bečej]]}}
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length             = {{cvt|966|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Tisza Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/tisza-basin |title=Tisza Basin}}</ref> 
| width_min          = 
| width_avg          = 
| width_max          = 
| depth_min          = 
| depth_avg          = 
| depth_max          = 
| discharge1_location= [[Novi Slankamen]] (near mouth)
| discharge1_min     ={{cvt|160|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} 
| discharge1_avg     =(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|920.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
| discharge1_max     = 
{{cvt|4,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| source1            = 
| source1_location   = [[Eastern Carpathians]], [[Ukraine]]
| source1_coordinates= 
| source1_elevation  = {{cvt|2,020|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth              = [[Danube]]
| mouth_location     = Downstream of [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbia]]
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|45|8|17|N|20|16|39|E|type:_river}}<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA87C127F23774E0440003BA962ED3|Tisza}}</ref>
| mouth_elevation    ={{cvt|70|m|abbr=on}} 
| progression        = {{PDanube}}
| river_system       = '''[[Danube River]]'''
| basin_size         = {{cvt|157,186|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Tisza Basin">{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/danube-basin/sub-basins/tisza-basin |title=Tisza Basin}}</ref><ref name=Rivers_of_Europe>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tockner |editor1-first=Klement |editor2-last=Uehlinger |editor2-first=Urs |editor3-last=Robinson  |editor3-first= Christopher T.   |title=Rivers of Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb9dTAgkg_UC&q=Tisza+river&pg=PT108 |edition=First |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-369449-2 |at=Sec. 3.9.5 }}</ref><ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
| tributaries_left   = [[Vișeu]], [[Iza (river)|Iza]], [[Tur (river)|Tur]], [[Someș]], [[Crasna (Tisza)|Crasna]], [[Körös]], [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]], [[Bega (Tisza)|Bega]]
| tributaries_right  = [[Teresva (river)|Tarac]], [[Tereblia (river)|Talabor]], [[Rika (river)|Rika]], [[Borzhava]], [[Bodrog]], [[Sajó]], [[Eger (Tisza)|Eger]], [[Zagyva]]
| custom_label       = 
| custom_data        = 
|discharge2_location=[[Szeged]]
|discharge2_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|890.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
(Period: 2011–2020){{cvt|784.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási Terv-2021">{{cite book|url=https://vizeink.hu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/VGT3/hatteranyagok/6_8_hatteranyag_Vizkeszlet-valtozas.pdf|title=Vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási Terv-2021|year=2022}}</ref>
|discharge3_location=[[Szolnok]]
|discharge3_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|578.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
|discharge4_location=[[Tokaj]]
|discharge4_avg=(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|468.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
|discharge5_location=[[Vásárosnamény]]
|discharge5_avg= (Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|340.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
(Period: 2011–2020){{cvt|321.18|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási Terv-2021">{{cite book|url=https://vizeink.hu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/VGT3/hatteranyagok/6_8_hatteranyag_Vizkeszlet-valtozas.pdf|title=Vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási Terv-2021|year=2022}}</ref>
| extra              = 
}}

The '''Tisza''', '''Tysa''' or '''Tisa''' /'tissə/, is one of the major rivers of [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].  It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. Today, it crosses several national [[Border|borders]].

The Tisza begins near [[Rakhiv]] in [[Ukraine]], at the confluence of the {{ill|White Tisa|uk|Біла Тиса}} and {{ill|Black Tisa|uk|Чорна Тиса (річка)}}, which is at coordinates {{Coord|48|4|29|N|24|14|40|E|display=inline}} (the former springs in the [[Chornohora|Chornohora mountains]]; the latter in the [[Gorgany]] range).  From there, the Tisza flows west, roughly following [[Ukraine]]'s borders with [[Romania]] and [[Hungary]], then briefly as the border between [[Slovakia]] and Hungary, before entering into Hungary, and finally into [[Serbia]].  The Tisza enters [[Hungary]] at [[Tiszabecs]], traversing the country from north to south. A few kilometers south of the Hungarian city of [[Szeged]], it enters [[Serbia]]. Finally, it joins the [[Danube]] near the village of [[Stari Slankamen]] in [[Vojvodina]], [[Serbia]].

The Tisza [[Drainage basin|drains]] an area of about {{cvt|156,087|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name=Rivers_of_Europe>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tockner |editor1-first=Klement |editor2-last=Uehlinger |editor2-first=Urs |editor3-last=Robinson  |editor3-first= Christopher T.   |title=Rivers of Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb9dTAgkg_UC&q=Tisza+river&pg=PT108 |edition=First |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-369449-2 |at=Sec. 3.9.5 }}</ref> and has a length of {{cvt|966|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/files/Tisza_RB_Analysis_2007.pdf |title=Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007- Initial step toward the Tisza River Basin Management Plan – 2009 |website=www.icpdr.or |date=March 2008 |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> Its mean annual [[discharge (hydrology)|discharge]] is seasonally {{cvt|792|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} to {{cvt|1,050|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}.  It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total [[Surface runoff|runoff]].<ref name=Rivers_of_Europe/>

[[Attila the Hun]] is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza.<ref>Ildiko Ecsedy, "The Oriental Background to the Hungarian Tradition about 'Attila's Tomb'", ''[[Acta Orientalia]]'', 36 (1982), pp. 129-153</ref>

==Names etymology==
The river was known as the ''Tisia'' in [[Ancient history|antiquity]]; other ancient names for it included ''Pathissus'' ({{lang|grc|Πάθισσος}} in [[Ancient Greek]] and later ''Tissus'' (in [[Latin]])), ([[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Naturalis historia]]'', 4.25). It may be referred to as the ''Theiss'' in older [[English language|English]] references, after the [[German language|German]] name for the river, ''{{lang|de|Theiß}}''. It is known as the ''Tibisco'' in [[Italian language|Italian]], and in older [[French language|French]] references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the [[Danube]] between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Habsburg Empire]] in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the ''Tibisque''.{{Source?|date=May 2024}}

Another theory is that it is derived from [[Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] *teišus meaning still, quiet, silent to describe the river. {{Source?|date=May 2024}}

Modern names for the Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include:
*{{langx|hu|Tisza}}, {{IPA|hu|ˈtisɒ|pron}};
*{{langx|sk|Tisa}}, {{IPA|sk|ˈtisa|pron}};
*{{langx|uk|Тиса|Tysa}} {{IPA|uk|ˈtɪsɐ|}};
*{{langx|ro|Tisa}}, {{IPA|ro|ˈtisa|pron}};
*{{lang-sh-Cyrl|Тиса}} / {{lang-sh-Latn|Tisa}}, {{IPA|sh|tîsa|pron}}.

==Regulation==
The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be {{cvt|1,419|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It flowed through the [[Great Hungarian Plain]], which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since [[plain]]s can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large [[floods]] in the area.

After several small-scale attempts, [[István Széchenyi]] organised the "regulation of the Tisza" ({{langx|hu|a Tisza szabályozása}}) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to {{cvt|966|km}} in total, with {{cvt|589|km}} of dead channels and {{cvt|136|km}} of new riverbed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danube.panda.org/wwf/web/search/details.jsp?pid=139|title = Danube + Tisza River|publisher = danube.panda.org|access-date = 5 November 2019}}</ref>

== Lake Tisza ==
In the 1970s, the building of the [[Tisza Dam]] at [[Kisköre]] started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting [[Lake Tisza]] became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to [[Lake Balaton]] at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded.

== Navigation ==
The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined the [[European Union]], this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/2003-declarationtiszariverentxt|title=Declaration On Co-Operation Concerning The Tisza/Tisa River Basin And Initiative On The Sustainable Spatial Development Of The Tisza/Tisa River {{!}} International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project|website=iea.uoregon.edu|access-date=2019-02-03}}</ref>

Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought.<ref>[http://www.noordersoft.com/indexen.html NoorderSoft Waterway Database]; accessed 13 March 2016.</ref>

==Wildlife==
The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular, the yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of [[Palingenia longicauda|mayflies]] which is a well known spectacle.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konyvek|first1=Szalay|title=Our Beloved Hungaricums|date=2009|publisher=Pannon-Literatura Kft.|isbn=978-963-251-145 0|pages=94}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Klaushik |title=Blooming of the Tisza |url=https://www.amusingplanet.com/2013/09/blooming-of-tisza.html |website=amusingplanet.com |access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref>

In September 2020, colonies of [[Pectinatella magnifica|magnificent bryozoan]]s were discovered in the river.<ref>{{cite news | author = Đorđe Đukić | title = Otkriveni organizmi stari 500 miliona godina | trans-title = Organisms originating rom 500 million years ago discovered  | newspaper = Politika | page = 12 | language = sr | date = 8 September 2020 | url = http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/462091/Otkriveni-organizmi-stari-500-miliona-godina}}</ref>

==Pollution==
{{main|2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill}}
In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious [[pollution]] incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there was a release of sludge containing [[cyanide]] from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of {{convert|20000|m3|abbr=on}} of sludge containing [[zinc]], [[lead]] and [[copper]] occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web|title=Third pollution spill hits Hungary |date=15 March 2000 |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/678407.stm |access-date=11 October 2010 }}</ref>

This series of incidents were described at the time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the [[Chernobyl disaster]]. Usage of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the [[European Union]] to close all installations that could lead to further pollution.<ref name=bbc />

Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over a century.<ref name=springer>{{cite journal |author=H. L. Nguyen |author2=M. Braun |author3=I. Szaloki |author4=W. Baeyens |author5=R. Van Grieken |author6=M. Leermakers |title=Tracing the Metal Pollution History of the Tisza River |journal=Water, Air, and Soil Pollution |volume=200 |pages=119–132 |date=2009 |doi=10.1007/s11270-008-9898-2 |s2cid=94627373}}</ref>

==Geography==

===Drainage basin===

The Tisza River is part of the [[Danube]] River catchment area. It is the tributary with the largest catchment area (~157,000 km<sup>2</sup>). It accounts for more than 19% of the Danube river basin. The Tisza water system is shared by five countries: [[Ukraine]] (8%), [[Slovakia]] (10%), [[Hungary]] (29%), [[Romania]] (46%) and [[Serbia]] (7%).

The Tisza River Basin area and average discharge (period from 1946–2006) by country<ref name="Tisza River Basin 2007">{{cite web|url=https://icpdr.org/main/publications/tisza-river-basin-2007|title=Tisza River Basin 2007}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! rowspan="2" | Country
 ! colspan="2" | Area by country
 ! colspan="3" |Discharge by country
|-
 !(km<sup>2</sup>)
 !(%)
 !(m<sup>3</sup>/s)
 !(km<sup>3</sup>)
 !(%)
 |-
 |[[Hungary]] {{flagicon|Hungary}}
 |46,213
 |29.4
 |47
 |1.5
 |5.7
 |-
 |[[Romania]] {{flagicon|Romania}}
 |72,620
 |46.2
 |468
 |14.8
 |56.4
 |-
 |[[Serbia]] {{flagicon|Serbia}}
 |10,374
 |6.6
 |4.0
 |0.1
 |0.5
 |-
 |[[Slovakia]] {{flagicon|Slovakia}}
 |15,247
 |9.7
 |90
 |2.8
 |10.8
 |-
 |[[Ukraine]] {{flagicon|Ukraine}}
 |12,732
 |8.1
 |221
 |7.0
 |26.6
 |-
 | colspan="6" |
 |-
 |''Tisza River Basin''
 |''157,186''
 |''100.0''
 |''830''
 |''26.2''
 |''100.0''
|}
The 1800–2500 m high ridge of the [[Carpathian Mountains]] create in a semi circle the northern, eastern and southeastern boundary of the Tisza catchment. The western - southwestern reach of the watershed is comparatively low in some places – on its Hungarian and Serbian parts it is almost flat. The area is divided roughly along the centreline by the [[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathians Mountains]], east of which lies the 400–600 m high plateau of the [[Transylvanian Plateau|Transylvanian Basin]], and the plains to the west. The highest summits of the river basin reach 1948 m in the [[Low Tatras]] ([[Kráľova hoľa]]), 2061 m in the [[Chornohora|Chornogora Mountains]] ([[Hoverla]]), 2303 m in the [[Rodna Mountains]] (Pietrosul Rodnei) and even higher in the [[Retezat Mountains]] of the [[Southern Carpathians]] ([[Peleaga]], 2509 m). Areas above elevations higher than 1600 m occupy only 1% of the total; 46% of the territory lies below 200 m. The Tisza River Basin in the [[Slovakia|Slovak Republic]] is predominantly hilly area and the highest mountain peak in [[Kráľova hoľa]] - in the [[Low Tatras|Low Tatras Mountain Range]] at 1948 m. The lowland area lies in the south, forming the northern edge of the [[Great Hungarian Plain|Hungarian Lowland]]. The lowest point in the [[Slovakia|Slovak Republic]] is the village of [[Streda nad Bodrogom]] in the eastern Slovak lowland (96 m) in the [[Bodrog River]] Basin. The Hungarian and [[Vojvodina]] ([[Serbia]]) part of the Tisza River Basin is a flat area bordered by small ranges of hills and mountains from the north and dominated by the [[Great Hungarian Plain|Hungarian lowland]].<ref name="Tisza River Basin 2007"/>

Important hydrographic stations along the Tisza River (full list)<ref name="Republički hidrometeorološki zavod">{{cite web|url=https://www.hidmet.gov.rs|title=Republički hidrometeorološki zavod}}</ref><ref name="Vízügyi honlap">{{cite web|url=https://www.vizugy.hu|title=Vízügyi honlap}}</ref><ref name="Danube River">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube River}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! colspan="2" | Station
 
! rowspan="2" |River
kilometer

(rkm)
! rowspan="2" |Altitude
(m)
! rowspan="2" |Basin size
(km<sup>2</sup>)
! rowspan="2" |Average discharge
(m<sup>3</sup>/s)<sup>*</sup>
|-
!Left
!Right
|-
| colspan="6" |'''Lower Tisza'''
|-
| colspan="2" |Near mouth
|0
|70
|154,073.1
|920.11
|-
|
|[[Titel]]
|8.7
|70
|153,965
|920.28
|-
|[[Novi Bečej]]
|
|66
|70
|144,007.8
|893.72
|-
| rowspan="7" |
|[[Bečej]]
|73
|71
|143,994.6
|892.81
|-
|[[Bačko Petrovo Selo]]
|87
|72
|143,585
|891,29
|-
|[[Mol (Ada)|Mol]]
|103
|72
|142,373.4
|889.98
|-
|[[Ada, Serbia|Ada]]
|104
|72
|142,373.4
|889.98
|-
|[[Senta]]
|123.5
|73
|140,849.9
|886.98
|-
|[[Adorjan]]
|137
|73
|140,746
|886.73
|-
|[[Novi Kneževac]]
|144.5
|73
|139,717.5
|885.36
|-
|[[Kanjiža]]
| rowspan="2" |
|148.3
|73
|139,376.8
|886.5
|-
|[[Srpski Krstur]]
|156.8
|73
|138,857.7
|888.69
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Szeged]]
|172
|74
|138,857.7
|890.45
|-
| colspan="6" |'''Middle Tisza'''
|-
|[[Mureș (river)|Maros]]
|
|176
|75
|108,436.1
|703.43
|-
|
|[[Algyő]]
|192
|76
|107,941
|703.85
|-
|[[Mindszent]]
| rowspan="2" |
|217.7
|77
|105,881.5
|703.33
|-
|[[Körös]]
|244
|78
|102,643.7
|698.78
|-
|
|[[Csongrád]]
|246.2
|78
|75,520.5
|583.04
|-
|[[Tiszaug]]
|
|267.5
|79
|75,517
|583.58
|-
|
|[[Tiszakécske]]
|274
|79
|75,056.1
|583.42
|-
|[[Martfű]]
| rowspan="3" |
|306.9
|80
|74,462.2
|582.64
|-
|[[Vezseny]]
|314
|80
|73,895.9
|581.43
|-
|[[Tiszavárkony]]
|322
|80
|73,895.9
|581.33
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Szolnok]]
|334.6
|81
|72,889.4
|578.92
|-
|
|[[Zagyva]]
|336
|81
|67,325
|562.04
|-
|[[Szajol]]
|
|344
|81
|66,713.4
|560.39
|-
|
|[[Nagykörű]]
|363.7
|82
|66,581.2
|559.85
|-
|[[Tiszabő]]
|
|366
|82
|66,464.6
|559.58
|-
|
|[[Kőtelek]]
|373.8
|82
|66,315.7
|559.42
|-
|[[Tiszaroff]]
|
|379.3
|83
|66,315.7
|559.42
|-
|
|Tiszasüly
|384
|83
|66,315.7
|559.42
|-
|[[Tiszabura]]
|
|395.6
|83
|65,840.4
|558.14
|-
|
|[[Kisköre]]
|403.5
|83
|65,624.9
|557.58
|-
|[[Tiszafüred]]
|
|430.5
|88
|63,967.2
|553.34
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|[[Tiszabábolna]]
|442
|88
|63,346
|551.54
|-
|[[Tiszadorogma]]
|446.2
|88
|63,346
|551.14
|-
|[[Tiszacsege]]
|
|453.9
|89
|63,164.8
|550.87
|-
| rowspan="4" |
|[[Ároktő]]
|454.9
|89
|63,164.8
|550.87
|-
|[[Tiszakeszi]]
|464.3
|89
|63,164.8
|550.66
|-
|[[Tiszapalkonya]]
|484.7
|90
|62,557.7
|549.31
|-
|[[Tiszaújváros]]
|486
|90
|62,557.7
|549.11
|-
|[[Polgár, Hungary|Polgár]]
|
|487.3
|90
|62,557.7
|549.11
|-
|
|[[Sajó]]
|492
|90
|49,688.1
|470.49
|-
|[[Tiszadob]]
| rowspan="3" |
|500.2
|91
|49,600.6
|470.25
|-
|[[Tiszadada]]
|508.4
|91
|49,600.6
|470.06
|-
|[[Tiszalök]]
|518.2
|93
|49,443
|469.85
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|[[Tokaj]]
|543.1
|94
|49,167.1
|468.86
|-
|[[Bodrog]]
|544
|94
|34,856.5
|353.75
|-
|[[Timár]]
| rowspan="4" |
|549.4
|95
|34,810.3
|353.66
|-
|[[Szabolcs (village)|Szabolcs]]
|555
|95
|34,810.3
|352.7
|-
|[[Balsa, Hungary|Balsa]]
|557.7
|96
|34,810.3
|353.31
|-
|[[Tiszabercel]]
|569
|97
|34,713.3
|352.7
|-
|
|[[Cigánd]]
|592
|98
|32,964.1
|346.06
|-
|[[Dombrád]]
| rowspan="3" |
|593.1
|98
|32,964.1
|346.06
|-
|[[Tiszakanyár]]
|597.3
|98
|32,964.1
|346.06
|-
|[[Záhony]]
|627.8
|100
|31,304.7
|340.39
|-
|
|[[Chop, Ukraine|Chop]]
|630
|100
|31,304.7
|340.39
|-
|[[Vásárosnamény]]
|
|682
|103
|30,978.9
|340.62
|-
| colspan="6" |'''Upper Tisza'''
|-
|[[Someş|Szamos]]
|
|686
|104
|11,870.1
|202.13
|-
|
|[[Jánd]]
|690
|105
|11,870.1
|201.96
|-
|[[Kisar, Hungary|Kisar]]
|[[Tivadar, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County|Tivadar]]
|704
|107
|11,689.7
|201.51
|-
|[[Tiszabecs]]
|
|744.3
|114
|9,950
|185.86
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|[[Vylok]]
|746
|115
|9,588.3
|180.91
|-
|[[Vynohradiv]]
|767
|137
|9,366
|180.91
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Khust]]
|783
|157
|7,877.8
|153.54
|-
|[[Bushtyno]]
|
|802
|188
|6,802
|130.66
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|[[Tiachiv]]
|814
|210
|6,657.9
|126.81
|-
|[[Teresva]]
|820
|225
|5,205.7
|101.04
|-
|[[Sighetu Marmației|Siçhetu Marmației]]
|
|837
|265
|3,451
|75.73
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|[[Dilove]]
|885
|346
|1,294.4
|26.65
|-
|[[Rakhiv]]
|897
|437
|1,256.3
|22.13
|}
<sup>*</sup>Period: 1971–2000

==Discharge==

Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Tisza River at [[Tiszabecs]] (Upper Tisza), [[Szolnok]] (Middle Tisza) and [[Senta]] (Lower Tisza).<ref name="ICPDR">{{cite web|url=http://www.icpdr.org|title=ICPDR}}</ref><ref name="Republički hidrometeorološki zavod"/><ref name="Vízügyi honlap"/><ref name="Vízgazdálkodási Évkönyvek-Közép-Tisza-vidéki Vízügyi Igazgatóság">{{cite web|url=https://www.kotivizig.hu/kozep-tisza-videki/rolunk/bemutatkozas/vizgazdalkodasi-evkonyvek|title=Vízgazdálkodási Évkönyvek-Közép-Tisza-vidéki Vízügyi Igazgatóság}}</ref><ref name="KSH">{{cite web|url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/kor/hu/kor0028.html|title=KSH}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! rowspan="3" | Year
 ! colspan="9" |Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s)
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Senta]]
! colspan="3" |[[Szolnok]]
! colspan="3" |[[Tiszabecs]]
|-
!Min
!''Mean''
!Max
!Min
!''Mean''
!Max
!Min
!''Mean''
!Max
|-
|1991
|
|
|
|118
|''368''
|1,550
|
|
|
|-
|1992
|132
|''689''
|2,415
|58.7
|''424''
|1,460
|
|
|
|-
|1993
|90
|''537''
|1,860
|61.6
|''363''
|1,510
|
|
|
|-
|1994
|90
|''662''
|1,743
|66.9
|''462''
|1,500
|
|
|
|-
|1995
|251
|''800''
|1,768
|101
|''557''
|1,450
|
|''286''
|
|-
|1996
|188
|''769''
|2,174
|
|''440''
|
|
|''173''
|
|-
|1997
|306
|''884''
|1,952
|
|''509''
|
|
|''204''
|
|-
|1998
|360
|''1,125''
|2,308
|
|''625''
|
|
|''288''
|
|-
|1999
|326
|''1,170''
|2,820
|136
|''704''
|2,360
|60.4
|''255''
|1,510
|-
|2000
|242
|''929''
|3,400
|93
|''563''
|2,600
|26.7
|''187''
|2,050
|-
|2001
|272
|''949''
|2,150
|184
|''649''
|1,990
|41.8
|''262''
|3,190
|-
|2002
|284
|''817''
|1,760
|98.3
|''517''
|1,440
|44.5
|''237''
|1,390
|-
|2003
|160
|''580''
|1,420
|
|''317''
|
|
|''109.2''
|
|-
|2004
|213
|''867''
|2,570
|
|''525''
|
|
|''232.7''
|
|-
|2005
|373
|''1,100''
|2,580
|
|''639''
|
|
|''190.5''
|
|-
|2006
|312
|''1,230''
|3,720
|136
|''740''
|2,440
|47.3
|''232''
|1,980
|-
|2007
|193
|''757''
|1,820
|
|''469''
|
|
|''215''
|
|-
|2008
|265
|''825''
|2,070
|
|''527''
|
|
|''258''
|
|-
|2009
|180
|''649''
|1,740
|
|''400''
|
|
|''172''
|
|-
|2010
|541
|''1,420''
|2,830
|
|''1,083''
|
|
|''272''
|
|-
|2011
|151
|''736''
|2,490
|79.5
|''454''
|1,710
|
|''142''
|
|-
|2012
|120
|''443''
|1,310
|86
|''207''
|820
|
|''135''
|
|-
|2013
|135
|''742''
|2,450
|
|''523''
|
|
|''176''
|
|-
|2014
|222
|''497''
|918
|91.2
|''298''
|760
|45.7
|''111.7''
|415
|-
|2015
|137
|''532''
|1,350
|63.5
|''317''
|1,130
|27.5
|''141''
|1,610
|-
|2016
|210
|''708''
|1,880
|87
|''439''
|1,500
|32.6
|''160.8''
|1,160
|-
|2017
|187
|''624''
|1,630
|
|''416''
|
|
|''190.8''
|
|-
|2018
|200
|''698''
|2,060
|121
|''414''
|1,096
|
|''156.7''
|
|-
|2019
|168
|''581''
|1,860
|90.6
|''370''
|853
|
|''165.1''
|
|-
|2020
|200
|''582''
|1,890
|120
|''405''
|744
|
|''174''
|
|-
|2021
|200
|''777''
|1,890
|
|''512''
|
|
|''187.8''
|
|-
|2022
|125
|''597''
|1,610
|65.6
|''403.5''
|1,263
|
|''192''
|
|-
|2023
|190
|''906''
|2,020
|
|
|
|
|''216.8''
|
|-
|2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Tributaries==

[[File:River Tisza & Bodrog Tokaj.jpg|350px|thumb|right|The rivers of Tisza and [[Bodrog]] at [[Tokaj]], from above]]
[[File:038 Titel, Knicanin, Tisa, Danube - Serbia.jpg|350px|thumb|right|The Tisza joins the Danube.]]
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Tisza:
*[[Vișeu]] (entering at [[Valea Vișeului]]) 
*[[Kosivska]] (entering at [[Luh, Zakarpattia|Luh]]) 
*Shopurka (entering at [[Velykyi Bychkiv]]) 
*[[Iza (river)|Iza]] (entering at [[Sighetu Marmației]]) 
*[[Sarasău (river)|Sarasău]] 
*Bic 
*[[Săpânța (river)|Săpânța]] 
*Șaroș
*[[Teresva (river)|Teresva]] (entering near [[Teresva]]) 
*[[Baia (Tisza)|Baia]] 
*Valea lui Francisc
*[[Tereblia (river)|Tereblia]] (entering at [[Bushtyno]]) 
*[[Rika (river)|Rika]] (entering near [[Khust]]) 
*[[Batar (river)|Batar]] 
*[[Borzhava]] 
*[[Tur (river)|Tur]] 
*[[Someș|Szamos]] (entering near [[Vásárosnamény]])
**[[Someșul Mare]] (in Dej)
***[[Șieu (river)|Șieu]] (in [[Beclean]])
****[[Bistrița (Someș)|Bistrița]] (near [[Bistrița]])
**[[Someșul Mic]] (in [[Dej]])
***[[Someșul Cald]] (in [[Gilău, Cluj|Gilău]])
***[[Someșul Rece]] (in Gilău)
*[[Crasna (Tisza)|Kraszna]] (entering in [[Vásárosnamény]])
*[[Bodrog]] (entering in [[Tokaj]])
**[[Ondava]] (near [[Cejkov]])
**[[Latorica]] (near Cejkov)
***[[Laborec]] (near [[Oborín]])
****[[Uzh]] (near [[Pavlovce nad Uhom]])
****[[Cirocha]] (in [[Humenné]])
***Stara
***Vicha
***Kerepets
*[[Sajó]] (entering near [[Tiszaújváros]])
**[[Hornád]] (near [[Kesznyéten]])
*[[:hu:Eger-patak (Heves megye)|Eger]] (entering in [[Poroszló]])
*[[Zagyva]] (entering in [[Szolnok]])
*[[Körös]] (entering near [[Csongrád]])
**[[Crișul Repede|Sebes-Körös]] (near [[Gyoma]])
***[[Barcău|Berettyó (Barcău)]] (in [[Szeghalom]])
**[[Crișul Alb|White-Körös]] (near [[Gyula, Hungary|Gyula]])
**[[Crișul Negru|Black-Körös]] (near Gyula)
*[[Mureș (river)|Maros]] (entering near [[Szeged]])
**[[Arieș]] (near [[Gura Arieșului]])
**[[Târnava]] (near [[Teiuș]])
***[[Târnava Mare]] (in [[Blaj]])
***[[Târnava Mică]] (in Blaj)
*[[Aranca]] (entering near [[Padej]])
*[[Čik]] (entering near [[Bačko Petrovo Selo]])
*[[Jegrička]] (entering near [[Žabalj]])
*[[Bega (Tisza)|Bega]] (entering near [[Titel]])

The main tributaries of the Tisza River:<ref name="Danube">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=45&catid=193&Itemid=179|title=Danube}}</ref><ref name="Magyarország vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási honlapja">{{cite web|url=http://vizeink.hu|title=Magyarország vízgyűjtő-gazdálkodási honlapja}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! Left
tributary
 ! Right
tributary
 ! Length
(km)
 ! Basin size
(km<sup>2</sup>)
 ! Average discharge
(m<sup>3</sup>/s)<sup>*</sup>
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Lower Tisza'''
|-
|[[Bega (Tisza)|Bega]]
|
|254.8
|6,249.6
|19.01
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|[[Jegrička]]
|65.4
|616
|1.62
|-
|[[Čik]] (Csík)
|95
|629.7
|1.39
|-
|Budzak
|
|146.2
|0.31
|-
|[[Aranca|Zlatica]] (Aranca)
|
|117
|1,430.2
|2.03
|-
| rowspan="4" |
|Kiriš (Keres-patak)
|
|862.3
|1.84
|-
|Köröséri főcsatorna
|77.3
|804.8
|0.29
|-
|Gyálaréti Holt-Tisza
|18.6
|481.8
|0.93
|-
|Szegedi csatorna
|17.8
|79
|0.12
|-
|[[Mureș (river)|Maros]]
|
|754.1
|30,331.8
|190.3
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Middle Tisza'''
|-
|Kósdi-csatorna
|
|37
|416.4
|
|-
|
|Algyői főcsatorna
|42.6
|1,370.8
|2.79
|-
|Percsorai főcsatorna
|
|16.2
|92.1
|0.1
|-
|Kurca
|
|36.9
|1,266.3
|2.7
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|Dong-ér
|84.4
|1,672.2
|2.97
|-
|Vidre-ér
|22
|246.7
|0.28
|-
|[[Körös]]
|
|363.4
|27,537.4
|115.86
|-
| rowspan="5" |
|Alpár–Nyárlőrinci csatorna
|41
|271.3
|0.2
|-
|Peitsik-ér
|9.5
|199
|0.15
|-
|Körös-ér
|56.4
|564.5
|1.07
|-
|Gerje–Perje főcsatorna
|60.5
|903.9
|2.17
|-
|[[Zagyva]]
|179.4
|5,676.6
|16.85
|-
|Görbe-ér
|
|
|358.5
|1.11
|-
|
|Millér-ér
|60.4
|505.9
|1.84
|-
| rowspan="4" |
|Dobai főcsatorna
|18.2
|139.7
|0.21
|-
|Saj-foki főcsatorna
|
|
|1.1
|-
|Hanyi-ér
|22
|331.5
|0.97
|-
|Laskó
|69.2
|367.5
|1.11
|-
|Tiszafüredi főcsatorna
|
|
|
|0.12
|-
| rowspan="7" |
|[[Eger (Tisza)|Eger]] (Rima)
|87.4
|1,378.6
|3.24
|-
|Tiszavalki főcsatorna
|20.4
|299
|0.53
|-
|Sulymos főcsatorna
|17.3
|105.4
|0.39
|-
|Rigós
|39.3
|148.3
|0.48
|-
|Hejő
|44
|293.3
|0.66
|-
|[[Sajó]]
|229.4
|12,708.3
|78.62
|-
|[[Bodrog]]
|266.9
|13,578.9
|119.62
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Upper Tisza'''
|-
|Lónyai főcsatorna
|
|91.4
|1,957.8
|4.4
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|Tiszakarádi főcsatorna
|38.9
|324.8
|0.5
|-
|Belfő csatorna
|53
|636
|1.58
|-
|Szipa csatorna
|37.6
|225.2
|0.49
|-
|[[Crasna (Tisza)|Kraszna]]
| rowspan="4" |
|193.4
|3,142.3
|8.22
|-
|[[Someș|Szamos]]
|415.1
|15,881.4
|135.37
|-
|Túr főcsatorna
|65.2
|614.9
|
|-
|[[Tur (river)|Túr]]
|94.6
|1,261.8
|14.03
|-
|
|[[Borzhava]] (Borsa)
|103.5
|1,417.9
|18.78
|-
|[[Batar (river)|Batar]] (Batár-patak)
|
|53.8
|395.6
|3.87
|-
| rowspan="7" |
|[[Rika (river)|Rika]] (Nagyág)
|92.8
|1,161.4
|20.19
|-
|Khustets (Husztica)
|
|
|1.52
|-
|Bailova
|
|134.8
|2.04
|-
|[[Tereblia (river)|Tereblia]] (Talabor)
|91
|769.5
|13.47
|-
|Martos
|13
|23.6
|0.27
|-
|Tyachivets (Técső-patak)
|29
|86.5
|1.46
|-
|[[Teresva (river)|Teresva]] (Tarac)
|84.8
|1,224
|22.74
|-
|Săpănța
|
|
|127.4
|1.54
|-
|
|Apsica (Apsa-patak)
|39
|257
|4.17
|-
|[[Iza (river)|Isa]] (Iza)
|
|77.6
|1,293.5
|18.74
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|Shopurka (Gyertyános)
|41.4
|286
|5.31
|-
|[[Kosivska]] (Kaszó)
|41
|157.3
|2.96
|-
|[[Vișeu]] (Visó)
| rowspan="2" |
|77.5
|1,581.8
|39.08
|-
|Bilij (Fejér-patak)
|12
|45.5
|0.87
|-
|
|Silskij
|
|
|0.72
|-
|Moskva
| rowspan="2" |
|1.5
|
|0.22
|-
|White Tisza
|33.6
|484.7
|10.17
|-
|
|Black Tisza
|50.3
|566.2
|11.48
|}
<sup>*</sup>Period: 1971–2000

==Cities and towns==
The Tisza (''Tisa'') flows through the following countries and cities (ordered from the source to mouth):
*{{flagu|Ukraine}}
**[[Rakhiv]]
**[[Tiachiv]]
**[[Khust]]
**[[Vynohradiv]]
*{{flagu|Slovakia}}
**[[Malé Trakany]]
**[[Veľké Trakany]]
**[[Biel, Trebišov District|Biel]]
*{{flagu|Romania}}
**[[Sighetu Marmației]]
*{{flagu|Hungary}}
**[[Vásárosnamény]]
**[[Záhony]]
**[[Tokaj]]
**[[Tiszalök]]
**[[Tiszaújváros]]
**[[Tiszafüred]]
**[[Szolnok]]
**[[Tiszakécske]]
**[[Csongrád]]
**[[Szentes]]
**[[Szeged]]
*{{flagu|Serbia}}
**[[Kanjiža]]
**[[Novi Kneževac]]
**[[Senta]]
**[[Ada, Serbia|Ada]]
**[[Mol (Ada)|Mol]]
**[[Bačko Petrovo Selo]]
**[[Bečej]]
**[[Novi Bečej]]
**[[Titel]]

== See also ==
* [[Tice (wetlands)]]
* [[Ečka fish pond]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Tisza}}
*[http://www.backabanat.com Backabanat.com], About Tisza
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131207195943/http://www.historia.hu/archivum/2001/0102suli.htm Historia.hu], the Living Tisza {{in lang|hu}}
*River Basin Report: Tisza River [https://web.archive.org/web/20050219083542/http://www.ywat.org/knowledgebase/riverbasins/eu-tisza.html Ywat.org]
*[http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/eden/themes-destinations/countries/hungary/lake-tisza Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2010]

{{Danube}}
{{Hydrography of Slovakia}}
{{Rivers of Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Romania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tisza River}}

[[Category:Tisza basin| ]]
[[Category:Bačka]]
[[Category:Banat]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Braided rivers in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Geography of Bács-Kiskun County]]
[[Category:Geography of Vojvodina]]
[[Category:Hungary–Slovakia border]]
[[Category:Hungary–Serbia border]]
[[Category:Hungary–Ukraine border]]
[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Rivers of Maramureș County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Serbia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Zakarpattia Oblast]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Danube]]