Editing Tishomingo, Oklahoma

{{Short description|City in Oklahoma}}
{{about|the U.S. city|the chief of the Chickasaw nation|Tishomingo (Chickasaw leader)|other uses|Tishomingo (disambiguation){{!}}Tishomingo}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Tishomingo, Oklahoma
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|motto                    = "Progressive, Growing, Beautiful"
|image_skyline            = Chickasaw Nation Capitol building.jpg
|imagesize                = 250 px
|image_caption            = Main façade of the Old Chickasaw Nation Capitol building in September 2018
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|image_map                = OKMap-doton-Tishomingo.PNG
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Tishomingo, Oklahoma
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{flag|United States}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Oklahoma}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Johnston County, Oklahoma|Johnston]]
|named_for                = [[Tishomingo (Chickasaw leader)|''Tishomingo'']]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = Home Rule (council-manager)
|leader_title             = City manager
|leader_name              = Steve Kelly
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 13.84
|area_land_km2            = 13.62
|area_water_km2           = 0.22
|area_total_sq_mi         = 5.34
|area_land_sq_mi          = 5.26
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.09
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 3101
|population_density_km2   = 227.66
|population_density_sq_mi = 589.66
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 682
|coordinates              = {{coord|34|14|20|N|96|40|59|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 73460
|area_code                = [[Area code 580|580]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 40-73900<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2412072<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2412072}}</ref>
|website                  = {{official website}}
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
}}

'''Tishomingo''' is the largest city in, and the [[county seat]] of, [[Johnston County, Oklahoma]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> The population was 3,101 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=  https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Tishomingo%20city,%20Oklahoma|title=Tishomingo (city), Oklahoma|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 2, 2024}}</ref> an increase of 2.2% over the population of 3,034 reported at the 2010 census.<ref>CensusViewer:Population of the City of Tishomingo, Oklahoma.[http://censusviewer.com/city/OK/Tishomingo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615162938/http://censusviewer.com/city/OK/Tishomingo |date=June 15, 2013 }}.</ref> It was the first capital of the [[Chickasaw Nation]], from 1856 until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TI008 Maxine Bamburg, "Tishomingo." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.] Accessed May 12, 2015</ref> The city is home to [[Murray State College]], a [[community college]] with an annual enrollment of 3,000 students. Tishomingo is part of the [[Texoma]] region.

==History==
Tishomingo was named for [[Tishomingo (Chickasaw leader)|''Tishomingo'']], who died of [[smallpox]] on the [[Trail of Tears]] near [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], after the Chickasaw had been removed in the 1830s from their original homelands in and around [[Tishomingo, Mississippi]].<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

Before the founding of Tishomingo in 1852, the area was known as "Good Springs". Its  several springs made the area an attractive  campsite along the road between [[Fort Washita]] and [[Fort Arbuckle (Oklahoma)|Fort Arbuckle]]. A small town had developed that  replaced the old campsites with permanent structures and was renamed "Tishomingo" by 1856. That year it was designated as the Chickasaw capital. A post office was established in 1857.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

The [[Chickasaw Capitol Building]] was constructed in 1897 from local red granite and officially dedicated in 1898. It housed the tribal governor, the bicameral legislature, and other government officials and clerks. The territorial court also met there from time to time. 

The territorial government was dissolved at statehood. In 1910, the building was sold to the newly established Johnston County, organized under statehood. It was taken for use as the county court house.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

The Western Oklahoma Railroad was built from [[Haileyville, Oklahoma|Haileyville]] to [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]] via Tishomingo in 1902, and bought by the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway]] in the same year. It was abandoned in 1938.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

Tishomingo Cemetery dates back to at least 1832. Notables buried there include two former Oklahoma governors, [[William H. Murray]] and [[Johnston Murray]], and Chickasaw Nation governors [[Douglas H. Johnson]] and Robert M. Harris.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

==Geography==
Tishomingo is located in south-central Johnston County. [[U.S. Route 377#Oklahoma|U.S. Route 377]] runs through the center of the city, leading south {{convert|13|mi}} to [[Madill, Oklahoma|Madill]] and north {{convert|40|mi}} to [[Ada, Oklahoma|Ada]]. [[Oklahoma State Highway 22]] also passes through the center of Tishomingo, leading southeast {{convert|23|mi}} to [[Kenefic, Oklahoma|Kenefic]] and west {{convert|4|mi|0}} to [[Ravia, Oklahoma|Ravia]]. [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]] is {{convert|31|mi}} west of Tishomingo, and [[Oklahoma City]] is {{convert|116|mi}} to the northwest.<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Tishomingo has a total area of {{convert|11.6|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|11.3|sqkm|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|0.3|sqkm|order=flip|1}}, or 2.38%, are water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4073900| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Tishomingo city, Oklahoma| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=October 18, 2018| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213102019/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4073900| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> Pennington Creek flows through the west side of the city, leading south {{convert|2|mi|0}} to the [[Washita River]] where it becomes an arm of [[Lake Texoma]]. The [[Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge]], covering the bottomlands of the river and creek valleys, borders the city to the south.

== Demographics ==
{{update|section|date=September 2024|reason=Newer information is available from the 2010 and 2020 census}}
{{US Census population
|1910= 1408
|1920= 1871
|1930= 1281
|1940= 1951
|1950= 2325
|1960= 2381
|1970= 2663
|1980= 3212
|1990= 3116
|2000= 2987
|2010= 3034
|2020= 3101
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{fv|date=September 2024|reason=No mention of Tishomingo at the given link}}
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 3,162 people, 1,218 households, and 768 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|671.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,407 housing units at an average density of {{convert|298.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 73.12% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.65% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 15.24% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.44% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.98% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.53% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.04% of the population.

There were 1,218 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 14.2% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,938, and the median income for a family was $28,462. Males had a median income of $25,655 versus $16,957 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,429. About 21.8% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 31.6% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over.
[[File:Tishomingo Iron Ataxite — 5x Macro Zoom -3 (50870080721).jpg|thumb|The Tishomingo Iron Meteorite, found in 1965]]

==Government==
Tishomingo has a home-rule charter form of government,<ref name = "EOHC-Tishomingo"/> headed by a city manager and city council.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tishomingo.ok.gov/city_hall.html |title="City of Tishomingo home page. Accessed November 29, 2019. |access-date=November 30, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216180922/http://tishomingo.ok.gov/city_hall.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Bill Anoatubby]], governor of the Chickasaw Nation
* [[Neill Armstrong]], Chicago Bears head football coach, 1979–1982
* [[Charles W. Blackwell]], first ambassador of the [[Chickasaw Nation]] to the United States (1995-2013)<ref name=kxii>{{cite news |title=Chickasaw Nation Ambassador Charles W. Blackwell – a Man of Vision |url=http://www.kxii.com/news/ok/headlines/Chickasaw-Nation-Ambassador-Charles-W-Blackwell--a-Man-of-Vision-185701022.html |work=[[KXII]] |date=2013-01-04 |access-date=2013-01-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108043548/http://www.kxii.com/news/ok/headlines/Chickasaw-Nation-Ambassador-Charles-W-Blackwell--a-Man-of-Vision-185701022.html |archive-date=2013-01-08}}</ref>
* [[Linda Hogan (writer)|Linda Hogan]], Native American storyteller
* [[Alfred P. Murrah]], federal district and appellate judge
* [[Blake Shelton]], country music singer (current resident)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Johnston County, Oklahoma}}
{{Oklahoma county seats}}
{{Subject bar|portal1=Geography|portal2=Oklahoma|commons=y|commons-search=Category:Tishomingo, Oklahoma|voy=y|voy-search=Tishomingo (Oklahoma)}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Johnston County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:1852 establishments in Indian Territory]]
[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1852]]