Editing Timeline of solar astronomy

{{short description|None}}

{{More sources needed|date=April 2024}}
'''[[Timeline]] of solar [[astronomy]]'''

==10th century==
* 900–929&nbsp;— [[Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī]] (Albatenius) discovers that the direction of the Sun's [[Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] is changing<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Battani - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Battani/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Maths History (on para. 10 - 12) |language=en}}</ref>

==17th century==
* 1613&nbsp;— [[Galileo Galilei]] uses [[sunspot]] observations to demonstrate the rotation of the [[Sun]]
* 1619&nbsp;— [[Johannes Kepler]] postulates a [[solar wind]] to explain the direction of [[comet]] tails

==19th century==
* 1802&nbsp;— [[William Hyde Wollaston]] observes dark lines in the solar [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]]
* 1814&nbsp;— [[Joseph von Fraunhofer|Joseph Fraunhofer]] systematically studies the dark lines in the solar spectrum
* 1834&nbsp;— [[Hermann von Helmholtz|Hermann Helmholtz]] proposes [[gravitation]]al contraction as the energy source for the Sun
* 1843&nbsp;— [[Heinrich Schwabe]] announces his discovery of the sunspot [[Solar cycle|cycle]] and estimates its period to be about a [[decade]]
* 1852&nbsp;— [[Edward Sabine]] shows that sunspot number is correlated with [[geomagnetic field]] variations
* 1859&nbsp;— [[Richard Christopher Carrington|Richard Carrington]] discovers [[solar flare]]s
* 1860&nbsp;— [[Gustav Kirchhoff]] and [[Robert Bunsen]] discover that each [[chemical element]] has its own distinct set of [[spectral line]]s
* 1861&nbsp;— [[Gustav Spörer]] discovers the variation of sun-spot [[latitude]]s during a solar cycle, explained by [[Spörer's law]]
* 1863&nbsp;— [[Richard Christopher Carrington|Richard Carrington]] discovers the differential nature of solar rotation
* 1868&nbsp;— [[Pierre Janssen]] and [[Norman Lockyer]] discover an unidentified yellow line in [[solar prominence]] spectra and suggest it comes from a new element which they name "[[helium]]"
* 1893&nbsp;— [[Edward Maunder]] discovers the 1645-1715 [[Maunder sunspot minimum]]

==20th century==
* 1904&nbsp;— Edward Maunder plots the first sunspot "[[butterfly diagram]]"
* 1906&nbsp;— [[Karl Schwarzschild]] explains [[Limb darkening|solar limb darkening]]
* 1908&nbsp;— [[George Hale]] discovers the [[Zeeman effect|Zeeman splitting]] of spectral lines from sunspots
* 1925&nbsp;— [[Cecilia Payne]] proposes [[Cecilia Payne#Doctorate|hydrogen is the dominant element of the Sun]], not iron
* 1929&nbsp;— [[Bernard Lyot]] invents the [[coronagraph]] and observes the [[solar corona|corona]] with an "artificial [[eclipse]]"
* 1942&nbsp;— [[J.S. Hey]] detects solar [[radio wave]]s
* 1949&nbsp;— [[Herbert Friedman]] detects solar [[X-ray]]s
* 1960&nbsp;— [[Robert B. Leighton]], [[Robert Noyes]], and [[George Simon (scientist)|George Simon]] discover solar five-[[minute]] [[oscillation]]s by observing the [[Doppler shift]]s of solar dark lines
* 1961&nbsp;— [[Horace W. Babcock]] proposes the [[Babcock Model|magnetic coiling sunspot theory]]
* 1970&nbsp;— [[Roger Ulrich]], [[John Leibacher]], and [[Robert F. Stein]] deduce from theoretical solar models that the interior of the Sun could act as a [[resonance|resonant]] [[acoustic cavity]]
* 1975&nbsp;— [[Franz-Ludwig Deubner]] makes the first accurate measurements of the period and horizontal [[wavelength]] of the five-minute solar oscillations
* 1981&nbsp;— [[NASA]] retrieves data from 1978 that shows a comet crashing into the Sun

==21st century==
* 2004&nbsp;— largest [[solar flare]] ever recorded occurs

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Solar Astronomy}}
[[Category:Astronomy timelines|Solar Astronomy, Timeline of]]