Editing Tienen

{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name             = Tienen
|namefr           = Tirlemont
|type             = city
|picture          = File:Collage van Tienen.jpg
|picture-legend   = Collage of Tienen
|map              = Tienen Flemish-Brabant Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend       = Tienen in the Province of [[Flemish Brabant]]
|arms             = Blason Tirlemont.svg
|flag             = Flag of Tienen.svg
|arrondissement   = [[Leuven administrative Arrondissement|Leuven]]
|nis              = 24107
|pyramid-date     = 01/01/2006
|0-19=19.28
|20-64=60.25
|65=20.46
|foreigners=2.27
|foreigners-date  = 01/07/2005
|mayor            = Katrien Partyka ([[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]])
|majority         = [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open VLD]], [[New Flemish Alliance|N-VA]], [[Groen (political party)|Groen]]
|postal-codes     = 3300
|telephone-area   = 016
|web              = [http://www.tienen.be/ www.tienen.be]
|coordinates      = {{coord|50|48|N|04|56|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
|imagesize=300px}}

'''Tienen''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈtinə(n)|-|Nl-tienen.ogg}}; {{langx|fr|Tirlemont}} {{IPA|fr|tiʁləmɔ̃||}}) is a [[City status in Belgium|city]] and [[Municipalities of Belgium|municipality]] in the province of [[Flemish Brabant]], in [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]]. The municipality comprises Tienen itself and the towns of Bost, Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich, Oorbeek, Oplinter, Sint-Margriete-Houtem and Vissenaken.

On 1 January 2017, Tienen had a total population of 34,365. The total area is {{cvt|71.77|km²|2}}, which gives a [[population density]] of {{convert|444|pd/sqkm}}.

==History==
[[File:Charles-François Dumouriez.PNG|thumb|left|upright|alt=Painting of a determined-looking man who is standing with his left hand on his hip and his right hand on a table. He wears a dark blue double-breasted military coat with red breeches. His hair or wig in the style of the late 18th century, powdered white and curled at the ears.|French commander [[Charles François Dumouriez]], who used the town as a base during the March 1793 [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]].]]

Tienen was once a Roman settlement and trade center with roads to other important places. In the early [[Middle Ages]], the town was probably ruled by an old German family [[Thienen]].

During the 1635 to 1659 [[Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)|Franco-Spanish War]], Tienen was part of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] and was captured by a combined Franco-Dutch army in May 1635.{{sfn|De Périni|1896|p=179}} Its capture resulted in one of the most serious atrocities of the Dutch Revolt; the town was sacked, over 200 civilians killed and many buildings damaged, including Catholic churches and monasteries. This ended Dutch prospects of winning over the predominantly Catholic population of the Southern Netherlands.{{sfn|Lasaffer|2006|pp=3-4}}

After the 1714 [[Treaty of Utrecht]], the town was incorporated into the [[Austrian Netherlands]]; in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], it was used as a base by [[First French Republic|French Republican]] General [[Charles François Dumouriez]] during the [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]]. On 16 March 1793, the French repulsed an [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]] army commanded by [[Prince Josias of Coburg]].{{sfn|Soboul|1975|p=298}} This was the last victory for the veteran Dumouriez, hero of [[Battle of Valmy|Valmy]] and [[Battle of Jemappes|Jemappes]]; within a week, his army suffered such catastrophic defeats that he defected to the [[House of Bourbon|French Royalists]].{{sfn|Thiers|1838 |p=298}}

During [[World War I]], Tienen was occupied by German forces after they broke through the Belgian defensive lines at the [[Battle of Halen]] and the [[Battle of Saint-Marguerite Woodem]]. In total, 60 houses were destroyed, a further 152 houses were damaged. About 100 soldiers and civilians from Tienen would eventually die during WWI.

In 1930, 100 years of Belgian independence was celebrated in Tienen. After the Great War, the city had also grown from about 7000 inhabitants in 1830 to 22.806 in 1930.

Tienen once again became a target during [[World War II]]. At the time, the town was an important railway junction. Nevertheless, the town was not seen as a strategic target. The Allies bombed Tienen as early as April 25 1944 when the RAF dropped three bombs on Tienen, destroying three houses and killing a few inhabitants. The big bombing raid came on May 25 1944. At around 11:15, the first bomb hit the local hospital. As a result of this bombing raid which lasted until 11:33, 13 civilians died and another 40 were injured. The city ended up being heavily damaged: over 200 houses were hit, 100 of which were declared uninhabitable. The old guest house was destroyed as well after the bombs largely failed to reach the intended targets, which were the local bridges and the ironway. Most houses of the [[beguinage]] of Tienen and the oil refinery were also destroyed. Countless windows were broken as a result of the blasts and men ended up leaving 400 homes in the town. Two bridges ended up being hit, one of which caused a small flooding of the area. A noteworthy victim of the Tienen bombing was the local [[Dean (Christianity)|Dean]] of Rochette, who died inside the [[confessional|confession booth]] when he refused to leave the town at the last moment because he wanted to comfort scared civilians. Today the regional cemetery of Tienen has an open Neogothic chapel that reminds of the Dean of Rochette.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hangarflying.eu/erfgoedsites/slachtoffers-luchtbombardement-tweede-wereldoorlog-tienen/|title=Slachtoffers luchtbombardement Tweede Wereldoorlog, Tienen|date=6 December 2022}}</ref> Tienen was liberated by Allied forces on September 7 of that year after the Germans fled in panic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dereensteen.be/Tentoonstelling-Bezet-bevrijd-bewaard-drie-bijzondere-verhalen|title=Tentoonstelling 'Bezet, Bevrijd, Bewaard'|date= August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dereensteen.be/filter/interview/De-oorlog-door-de-ogen-van-Tiense-getuigen|title=De oorlog door de ogen van Tiense getuigen|date= August 2024}}</ref>

WWII ended up costing the lives of 80 inhabitants on Tienen: 40 soldiers and one civilian were executed, another 4 were killed for being part of the underground resistance and 19 people died after being deported to Germany, 7 of those being prisoners of war. In total, 549 houses were completely destroyed and another 2551 damaged.

==Economy==
Tienen is the centre of [[sugar]] production in Belgium; a huge [[sugar beet]] processing factory, the [[Sugar refinery of Tienen]] (''Tiense Suikerraffinaderij - Raffinerie Tirlemontoise''), is located at the eastern edge of the town. It is the site of facilities owned by [[Citrique Belge]], that produces [[citric acid]], and [[Havells Sylvania]], a manufacturer of energy saving lamps.<ref>[http://www.havells-sylvania.com www.havells-sylvania.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620153114/http://www.havells-sylvania.com/ |date=2010-06-20 }}</ref>

==Culture and significant landmarks==
Tienen is the location of a summer rock festival known as 'Suikerrock'.<ref>[http://www.suikerrock.be www.suikerrock.be]</ref>

The Sint-Germanus (St. Germain) Church dates from the 12th century and has an [[altarpiece]] by the 19th-century painter [[Gustaaf Wappers]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Its [[Belfry (architecture)|belfry]] has earned that complex a designation on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] list of [[Belfries of Belgium and France]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Heritage List {{!}} Belfries of Belgium and France |work=[[UNESCO]] |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/943 |access-date=2021-03-16}}</ref>

The principal church, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Poel (Our Lady of the Pool), was begun in the 12th and enlarged in the 15th century;{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} it remains unfinished.

<gallery perrow="4">
File:Tienen Sint-Germanuskerk 2.jpg|Sint-Germanus Church
File:Tienen Het Toreke.jpg|''Het Toreke'' museum
File:België - Tienen - Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ter-Poel - 02.jpg|Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Poel
</gallery>

==Transport==
The town is served by [[Tienen railway station]], the oldest in [[Belgium]] still in use.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Timothy |date=2020-06-10 |title=Belgium's third oldest railway station: Ronse |url=https://tripbytrip.org/2020/06/10/belgiums-third-oldest-railway-station-ronse/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Trip By Trip |language=en}}</ref> There are also some taxi companies.

==Notable inhabitants==
* [[Beatrijs of Nazareth]] (1200–1268), Flemish mystic
* [[André Vandewyer]] (1909–1992), Belgian footballer and coach
* [[Matthias Vanden Gheyn]] (1721–1785), composer, [[organ (music)|organist]], and [[carillonist]]
* Linguist [[Herman Liebaers]] (1919–2010), was born in Tienen.
* [[Louis Michel]] (b. 1947), politician
* [[Luc van Acker]] (b. 1961), Belgian musician and producer
* [[Xandee]], Belgian singer who represented Belgium in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2004]]

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium}}

===Twin towns—Sister cities===
Tienen is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Bielsko-Biała]], [[Poland]]<ref name="Bielsko">{{cite web|url=http://www.um.bielsko.pl/|title=''Bielsko-Biała - Partner Cities''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Urzędu Miejskiego w Bielsku-Białej.|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Tirlemont|volume=26|page=1010}}
* {{cite book |last1=De Périni |first1=Hardÿ |title=Batailles françaises, Volume III |date=1896 |publisher=Ernest Flammarion, Paris}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lasaffer |first1=Randall |title=Siege Warfare and the Early Modern Laws of War |journal=Tilburg Working Paper Series on Jurisprudence and Legal History |date=2006 |volume=06 |issue=1 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Soboul |first=Albert |title=The French Revolution, 1787–1799 |author-link=Albert Soboul |year=1975 |publisher=Vintage |location=New York |isbn=0-394-71220-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00sobo }}
* {{Cite book |last=Thiers |first=Adolphe|title=The History of the French Revolution|author-link=Adolphe Thiers |year=1838 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.tienen.be Official website] - Only available in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
* [http://www.tienen.info tienen.info] - All news from Tienen, only available in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
* [http://www.suikerrock.be Suikerrock]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Tienen
|N  = [[Glabbeek]]
|NE = [[Kortenaken]]
|E  = [[Linter, Belgium|Linter]]
|SE = [[Landen]]
|S  = [[Hélécine]] ([[Walloon Brabant|WBR]])
|SW = [[Hoegaarden]]
|W  = [[Boutersem]]
|NW = [[Lubbeek]]
}}
{{Municipalities in Flemish Brabant}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tienen| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Flemish Brabant]]