Editing Thyatira

{{Short description|Ancient Greek city in Asia Minor}}
{{for|the moth genus|Thyatira (moth){{!}}''Thyatira'' (moth)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| official_name = Thyatira
| other_name    = ([[Akhisar]])
| native_name   = Θυάτειρα
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| image_skyline = CNM21-Pauls3rdJourney.gif
| imagesize     = 280px
| image_caption = Paul's third journey
| pushpin_map   = Turkey
| pushpin_label = Thyatira
| coordinates   = {{coord|38.920090|27.836253|type:landmark_region:TR-45|display=inline,title}}
}}
[[File:Ruins of Thyateira.jpg|thumb|220px|Ruins of the city]]

'''Thyateira''' (also '''Thyatira'''; {{langx|grc|Θυάτειρα}}) was the name of an ancient Greek city in Asia Minor, now the modern [[Turkey|Turkish]] city of [[Akhisar]] ("white castle"), [[Manisa Province]]. The name is probably [[Lydian language|Lydian]].  It lies in the far west of Turkey, southwest of Istanbul and east-northeast of Athens.  It is about {{convert|50|mi}} from the [[Aegean Sea]].

==History==
It was an ancient Greek city called '''Pelopia''' ({{langx|grc|Πελόπεια}}) and '''Semiramis''' ({{langx|grc|Σεμίραμις}}),<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/241#Th319.1 Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, Th319.1]</ref> before it was renamed to Thyateira (Θυάτειρα), during the Hellenistic era in 290 BC, by the King [[Seleucus I Nicator]]. He was at war with [[Lysimachus]] when he learned that his wife had given birth to a daughter. According to [[Stephanus of Byzantium]], he called this city "Thuateira" from Greek θυγάτηρ, θυγατέρα (''thugatēr'', ''thugatera''), meaning "daughter", although it is likely that it is an older, Lydian name.<ref>[[Stephanus of Byzantium]], ''De Urbibus'' ("On cities") [https://books.google.com/books?id=lU8_AAAAcAAJ&q=pelopia]</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dquga%2Fthr Θυγάτηρ], 
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus project</ref> In classical times, Thyatira stood on the border between [[Lydia]] and [[Mysia]]. During the Roman era, (1st century AD), it was famous for its dyeing facilities and was a center of the purple cloth trade.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Among the ancient ruins of the city, [[inscription]]s have been found relating to the guild of dyers in the city.  Indeed, more guilds συντεχνία suntechuia (syndicate) are known in Thyatira than any other contemporary city in the Roman province of Asia (inscriptions mention the following: wool-workers, linen-workers, makers of outer garments, dyers, leather-workers, tanners, potters, bakers, slave-dealers, and bronze-smiths).<ref>W.M. Ramsey, ''The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia'', (Hodder, 1904), pp. 324–35.</ref>

In early Christian times, Thyateira was home to a significant Christian church, mentioned as one of the [[seven Churches of the Book of Revelation]] in the [[Book of Revelation]].<ref>[[Book of Revelation|Rev.]] 1:11; 2:18–28.</ref> According to Revelation, a woman named Jezebel (who called herself a prophetess) taught and seduced the Christians of Thyateira to commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to [[cult image|idols]].<ref>[[Book of Revelation|Rev.]] 2:20</ref> However, some commentators such as Benson and Doddridge have concluded that what is being here practised in Thyatira is the same [[apostasy]] promoted in [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israel]] by [[Jezebel]] as mentioned in the [[Books of Kings]] and that use of her name here is a direct reference to such. Indeed, as Doddridge notes, "the resemblance appears so great" that, in his view, it is the "same heresy which is represented".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |title=Revelation 2 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/revelation/2.htm |website=Biblehub |access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref>

The [[Apostle Paul]] and [[Silas]] might have visited Thyateira during Paul's second or third journey, Acts 16:13–16. They visited several small unnamed towns in the general vicinity during the second journey. While in [[Philippi]], Paul and Silas stayed with a woman named [[Lydia of Thyatira|Lydia]] from Thyateira, who continued to help them even after they were jailed and released.

In 366, a [[battle of Thyatira|battle]] fought near Thyateira saw the army of [[Roman emperor]] [[Valens]] defeat [[Roman usurper]] [[Procopius (usurper)|Procopius]].

==Notable people==
Artemidorus ({{langx|grc|Ἀρτεμίδωρος}}) of Thyateira was an athlete who [[Olympic winners of the Stadion race|won the Stadion race]] in the 193rd Olympiad (8 BC).<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/531#79 Eusebius, Chronography, 79]</ref>

Nicander ({{langx|grc|Νίκανδρος}}), also known as Nicander of Thyateira ({{langx|grc|Νίκανδρος ὁ Θυατειρηνός}}) was an ancient Greek grammarian.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg1389.tlg001.perseus-grc1:q.thurgonidai Harpokration, Lexicon of the Ten Orators, Th33]</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:11.5 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, § 11.5]</ref>

[[Lydia of Thyatira]], businesswoman in the [[Acts of the Apostles]] chapter 16 verse 11–40.<ref>[[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 16:14.</ref>

==Bishopric==
{{Main|Thyatira (titular see)}}

The city was home to a Christian community from the [[early Christianity|apostolic period]]. The community continued until 1922, when the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] population was deported.

In 1922, the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] appointed an [[exarch]] for Western and Central Europe with the title Archbishop of Thyateira. The current archbishop of Thyateira (since 2019) is [[Nikitas Lulias]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240723124514/https://www.thyateira.org.uk/archbishop-nikitas/] – Biography at the website of the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain</ref> The Archbishop of Thyateira resides in London and has pastoral responsibility for the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] in the United Kingdom, Ireland and [[Malta]].

The see of Thyatira is also included, without [[Archbishop|archiepiscopal]] rank, in the [[Roman Catholic Church]]'s list of [[titular see]]s.<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 988.</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="140px">
File:A dictionary of the Bible.. (1887) (14595164770).jpg|19th-century Thyatira<ref>Schaff, Philip (1887). ''A Dictionary of the Bible''.</ref>
File:ThyatiraBasilika.jpg|Byzantine basilica of Thyatira
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain]]
* [[List of archbishops of Thyateira and Great Britain]]

==References==
<references/>

{{Seven churches of Asia}}
{{Ancient settlements in Turkey}}

[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Greek colonies in Anatolia]]
[[Category:History of Manisa Province]]
[[Category:New Testament cities]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Lydia]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Mysia]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey]]
[[Category:Seleucus I Nicator]]