Editing Throbbing Gristle

{{Short description|English band}}
{{use British English|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{infobox musical artist
| name              = Throbbing Gristle
| image             = Throbbing Gristle-New York.jpg
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = Throbbing Gristle performing in 2009. From left to right: Cosey Fanni Tutti, Peter Christopherson, Chris Carter, Genesis P-Orridge.
| background        = group_or_band
| alias             = X-TG
| origin            = [[Kingston upon Hull]], England
| genre             = {{flatlist|
* [[industrial music|Industrial]]
* [[post-punk]]{{sfnm|Gimarc|1994|1p=124|Reynolds|2005|2pp=XVII, XXI}}<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.factmag.com/2010/10/31/20-best-post-punk/ | title=20 Best: Post-punk 7"'s ever made | magazine=[[Fact (UK magazine)|Fact]] | date=31 October 2010 | access-date=7 May 2014 | author=Ingram. Matt}}</ref>
*[[noise music|noise]]<ref name="p">{{cite web|last1=Stosuy|first1=Brandon|title=Throbbing Gristle - The Taste of TG: A Beginner's Guide to the Music of Throbbing Gristle|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11849-the-taste-of-tg-a-beginners-guide-to-the-music-of-throbbing-gristle-mutant-tg/|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date=31 May 2004 |access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="t">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Anita|title=Full-frontal nudes, pornographic videos and bondage equipment: The X-rated exhibition to celebrate Hull's City of Culture status|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/02/full-frontal-nudes-pornographic-videos-bondage-equipment-x-rated/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/02/full-frontal-nudes-pornographic-videos-bondage-equipment-x-rated/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Telegraph|date=2 February 2017|access-date=29 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[experimental music|experimental]]<ref name="e">{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Sarah|title=Throbbing Gristle's Cosey Fanni Tutti Announces 'Art Sex Music' Autobiography|url=http://exclaim.ca/music/article/throbbing_gristles_cosey_fanni_tutti_announces_art_sex_music_autobiography|website=[[Exclaim!]]|access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref> 
*[[electronic music|electronic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-beginners-guide-to-throbbing-gristle/|title=A Beginner's Guide to Throbbing Gristle|last=Bravo|first=Arthur Ivan|date=2016-03-15|access-date=2018-02-21|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Thump]]|df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}
| years_active      = {{start date|1975}}–1981, 2004–{{end date|2010}}
| label             = [[Industrial Records|Industrial]]
| spinoffs          = {{flatlist|
* [[Psychic TV]]
* [[Coil (band)|Coil]]
* [[Chris & Cosey]]
}}
| past_members      = [[Peter Christopherson]]<br/>[[Cosey Fanni Tutti]]<br/>[[Chris Carter (British musician)|Chris Carter]]<br/>[[Genesis P-Orridge]]
}}
'''Throbbing Gristle''' was an English music and [[visual arts]] group formed in [[Kingston upon Hull]] by [[Genesis P-Orridge]] and [[Cosey Fanni Tutti]], later joined by [[Peter Christopherson|Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson]] and [[Chris Carter (British musician)|Chris Carter]]. They are widely regarded as pioneers of [[industrial music]]. Evolving from the experimental [[performance art]] group [[COUM Transmissions]], Throbbing Gristle made their public debut in October 1976 in the COUM exhibition ''Prostitution'', and released their debut single "[[United/Zyklon B Zombie]]" and debut album ''[[The Second Annual Report]]'' the following year. P-Orridge's lyrics mainly revolved around [[mysticism]], extremist political ideologies, sexuality, dark or underground aspects of society, and idiosyncratic manipulation of language inspired by the techniques of [[William S. Burroughs]].

The band released several subsequent studio and live albums – including ''[[D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle]]'' (1978), ''[[20 Jazz Funk Greats]]'' (1979), and ''[[Heathen Earth]]'' (1980) – on their own record label [[Industrial Records]], building a reputation with their [[transgressive art|transgressive]] and confrontational aesthetics; they included the extensive use of disturbing visual imagery, such as ironic [[Fascism|fascist]] and [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] symbolism and [[pornography]], as well as that of noise and sound manipulation influenced by the works of Burroughs and [[Brion Gysin]].

Throbbing Gristle dissolved in 1981 due to interpersonal differences; the individual members went on to participate in other projects, such as [[Psychic TV]], [[Coil (band)|Coil]], and [[Chris & Cosey]]. The band was reformed in 2004, and released three more studio albums – ''[[TG Now]]'' (2004), ''[[Part Two (Throbbing Gristle album)|Part Two]]'' (2007), and ''[[The Third Mind Movements]]'' (2009) – before disbanding again after P-Orridge's departure in October 2010 and Christopherson's death the following month. The band's final studio project, a cover version of the 1970 [[Nico]] album ''[[Desertshore]]'' entitled ''[[The Desertshore Installation]]'', was released in 2012 under the moniker X-TG.

== History ==
<!--How it should be:
* Background and formation (see also COUM Transmission)
* Initial run
** "United / Zyklon B Zombie" and ''The Second Annual Report'''
** ''D.o.A: The Third and Final Annual Report...''
** ''20 Jazz Funk Greats''
** ''Heathen Earth''
** Final performances and first break-up
-->

=== First era: 1976–1981 ===

Throbbing Gristle evolved from the performance art group [[COUM Transmissions]], formed in [[Kingston upon Hull]] by a group of performers including [[Genesis P-Orridge]] and [[Cosey Fanni Tutti]]. The name Throbbing Gristle derives from the Yorkshire slang word for a male erection. In 1973 COUM moved from Hull to [[Hackney, London]], where P-Orridge and Tutti met [[Chris Carter (British musician)|Chris Carter]], then working as a sound recordist in television, and [[Peter Christopherson]], then a member of the graphic design collective [[Hipgnosis]]; the four built a recording studio in Hackney which they dubbed "The Death Factory" and began performing music together.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Classic Tracks: Throbbing Gristle 'Hamburger Lady' |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-throbbing-gristle-hamburger-lady |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=www.soundonsound.com}}</ref> The last known performance of COUM Transmissions – ''Prostitution'', an exhibition held in October 1976 at the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]] in London – was also the public debut of Throbbing Gristle.<ref>{{harvnb|Savage|1992|pp=250–253}}; {{harvnb|Reynolds|2005|pp=228–229}}</ref> The provocative sexual content of the exhibition led [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Member of Parliament [[Nicholas Fairbairn]] to dub the group "wreckers of civilisation".<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Goth Day: Throbbing Gristle's Cosey Fanni Tutti on Performance Art, Discomfort, and Her New Book Art Sex Music |url=https://www.kexp.org/read/2019/5/22/world-goth-day-throbbing-gristles-cosey-fanni-tutti-performance-art-discomfort-and-her-new-book-art-sex-music/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=www.kexp.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-07 |title=Throbbing Gristle: Second Annual Report / D.O.A. / 20 Jazz Funk Greats / Heathen Earth / Greatest Hits |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16108-throbbing-gristle/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Pitchfork |language=en}}</ref>

Throbbing Gristle's confrontational live performances and use of often disturbing imagery, including pornography and photographs of Nazi [[concentration camp]]s, earned the group a notorious reputation, but they maintained that their mission was to challenge and explore the darker and obsessive sides of the human condition rather than to make attractive music. Throbbing Gristle made extensive use of pre-recorded tape [[sampling (music)|samples]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myspace.com/thresholdhouse/blog/186224635 |title=Equipment, And My Little Part of History by Sleazy on MySpace |last=Christopherson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Christopherson |date=29 October 2006 |website=[[MySpace]] |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> and effects units, some of which they had designed or modified themselves, to produce a distinctive, highly distorted sound, usually accompanied by lyrics or spoken-word performances by Tutti or P-Orridge.<ref name=":0" /> Though they asserted that they wanted to provoke their audience into thinking for themselves rather than promote any specific political agenda, Throbbing Gristle frequently associated with the [[anarcho-punk]] scene. They appeared in the [[fanzine]] ''Toxic Grafity'' with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, Industrial News.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southern.com/southern/label/CRC/09407F.html |title=Crass Discography (''Toxic Graffiti'') |website=Transmissions from Southern |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970506142103/http://www.southern.com/southern/label/CRC/09407F.html |archive-date=6 May 1997 |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

In 1977, they released their debut single "[[United/Zyklon B Zombie|United / Zyklon B Zombie]]", followed by the hybrid live/studio album ''[[The Second Annual Report]]''. First pressed in a limited run of 786 copies on the band's [[Industrial Records]] label, it was rereleased on [[Mute Records]] following high demand; however, this later release was reversed, with all tracks playing backwards and in reverse order. This was followed by the albums ''[[D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle]]'' (1978), ''[[20 Jazz Funk Greats]]'' (1979), and ''[[Heathen Earth]]'' (1980), along with a number of non-album singles.

In 1981 concert promoter and [[Transparency (record label)|Transparency Records]] founder Michael Sheppard brought Throbbing Gristle to Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/musicians-remember-the-late-michael-sheppard-las-champion-of-the-weird-6739588|title=Musicians Remember the Late Michael Sheppard, L.A.'s Champion of the Weird|last=Cotner|first=David|date=2016-03-22|work=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2017-12-23}}</ref> On 29 May 1981 Throbbing Gristle performed at the [[Kezar Pavilion]] in San Francisco in what would be the group's final performance until reuniting in 2004. Throbbing Gristle announced their dissolution on 23 June 1981, mailing out postcards declaring that their "mission [was] terminated."{{sfn|Ford|1996|p=38}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/the-wire-magazine-2003-01-cbz/page/n57|last=Hollings|first=Ken|date=January 2003|title=Throbbing Gristle, ''TG24: 24 Hours of Throbbing Gristle''|department=Soundcheck / Reviews|magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]]|issue=227|pages=58–59|via=the Internet Archive|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> In a 1987 interview, Tutti attributed the band's split to her own breakup with P-Orridge: "TG broke up because me and Gen broke up."{{sfn|Neal|1987|p=216}}

P-Orridge and Peter Christopherson went on to form [[Psychic TV]], and Tutti and Chris Carter, now a couple, continued to record together as [[Chris & Cosey]]. Christopherson later formed [[Coil (band)|Coil]] with fellow Psychic TV member [[John Balance]]; P-Orridge subsequently formed [[Thee Majesty]] and [[Psychic TV|PTV3]] with their wife Jacqueline "Jaye" Breyer.

=== Reunion: 2004–2010 ===

In 2004, Throbbing Gristle briefly reunited to record and release the limited album ''[[TG Now]]''. On 2 April 2007, TG released the album ''[[Part Two (Throbbing Gristle album)|Part Two: The Endless Not]]'', which the group had finished recording in Berlin. It was originally set to be released by Mute Records in September 2006 but was delayed for unknown reasons.

In March 2007, Side-Line announced ''Part Two''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s final release date, adding that a string of special live events would take place in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.side-line.com/news_comments.php?id=21321_0_2_0_C |title=Throbbing Gristle Announce Special Live Events to Celebrate First New Album in Over 25 Years – Throbbing Gristle News at side-line.com |date=14 March 2007 |work=Side-Line |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

A seven-disc DVD set titled ''[[TGV (Throbbing Gristle DVD set)|TGV]]'' was issued in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.throbbing-gristle.com/tg-files/discography.html |title=TG Releases & Recordings |website=throbbing-gristle.com |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> The set contains old and new footage of the band. ''TGV'' came packaged in a deluxe box with a 64-page book, all designed by Christopherson.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.side-line.com/news_comments.php?id=27209_0_2_0_C |title=7DVD Box Set for Throbbing Gristle – Throbbing Gristle News at side-line.com |date=19 November 2007 |work=Side-Line |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

The group performed a reinterpretation of their debut album ''[[The Second Annual Report]]'' twice in 2008 to mark the thirtieth anniversary of its release.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://throbbing--gristle.blogspot.com.au/2008/12/thirty-second-annual-report-limited.html |title=Throbbing Gristle: • ''Thirty-Second Annual Report'' • |date=12 January 2008 |website=Throbbing Gristle |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> The performance in Paris on 6 June was issued as a limited-edition framed vinyl set titled ''The Thirty-Second Annual Report''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://brainwashed.com/common/htdocs/discog/ir0002.php?site=tg08 |title=Throbbing Gristle, "''The Second Annual Report'' Of" |website=Brainwashed |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

The band then worked to record an album based on their interpretation of [[Nico]]'s 1970 album ''[[Desertshore]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tg.greedbag.com/news/ |title=News :: Throbbing Gristle Store Shop |website=Greedbag |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618094526/http://tg.greedbag.com/news/ |archive-date=18 June 2007 |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> The group issued the entirety of the recording sessions for the album as a limited edition 12-CD set packaged in a custom CD wallet, ''[[The Desertshore Installation]]'', which was sold via mail order from the group's website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tg.greedbag.com/buy/the-desertshore-installation/ |title=Throbbing Gristle – ''The Desertshore Installation'' 12 CD Wallet :: Industrial Records Store |website=Greedbag |access-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601162649/http://tg.greedbag.com/buy/the-desertshore-installation |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref>

In April 2009, Throbbing Gristle toured the United States, appearing at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] and in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Chicago. ''[[The Third Mind Movements]]'', a new release, was made available at these shows, which was edited down from improvisations recorded during the ''Desertshore Installation'' sessions.

A collaborative installation with [[Cerith Wyn Evans]] titled ''A=P=P=A=R=I=T=I=O=N'' was displayed at [[Tramway (arts centre)|Tramway]] in Glasgow from 7 August to 27 September 2009. Throbbing Gristle contributed a multi-channel soundtrack that was played through 16 hanging [[Sound from ultrasound|Audio Spotlight]] sound panels that Evans had incorporated into his sculpture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://throbbing--gristle.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/tg-collaborationwith-cerith-wyn-evans.html |title=Throbbing Gristle • TG Collaboration with Cerith Wyn Evans • |date=10 January 2009 |website=Throbbing Gristle |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

In November 2009, Throbbing Gristle and [[Industrial Records]] released their version of the [[FM3#Buddha Machine|Buddha Machine]] [[Loop (music)|loop]] player, designed by the group with Christiaan Virant of [[FM3]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tg.greedbag.com/buy/gristleism-the-badged-limited-ed/ |title=Throbbing Gristle – Gristleism – The Badged Limited-Edition|website=Greedbag |access-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616221603/http://tg.greedbag.com/buy/gristleism-the-badged-limited-ed/ |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref>

On 29 October 2010, Throbbing Gristle announced on their website that P-Orridge had left the group; Carter, Cosey and Christopherson finished their current tour under the name X-TG.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} P-Orridge's website stated that they had not quit Throbbing Gristle and had merely stopped participating in the current tour. However, the band would dissolve for good on 24 November following Christopherson's death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inlog.org/2010/11/25/r-i-p-peter-sleazy-christopherson-throbbing-gristle-x-tg-1955-2010/ |title=R.I.P. Peter 'Sleazy' Christopherson (Throbbing Gristle / X-TG) (1955 – 2010) |date=25 November 2010 |website=Incubate Blog |access-date=27 May 2013 |archive-date=18 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118192937/http://inlog.org/2010/11/25/r-i-p-peter-sleazy-christopherson-throbbing-gristle-x-tg-1955-2010/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=blog|date=February 2021}}

=== After dissolution: 2011–present ===

In 2011, Industrial Records had an official "re-activation" to reissue the group's studio albums, as Throbbing Gristle's contract with [[Mute Records]] had expired.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.throbbing-gristle.com/tg-files/index.html |title=throbbing-gristle.com |website=throbbing-gristle.com |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>

Industrial Records subsequently announced that a double album, titled ''Desertshore/The Final Report'', would be released on 26 November 2012. Carter and Tutti produced the album with the participation of film director [[Gaspar Noé]], former pornographic actress [[Sasha Grey]], and guest vocalists [[Anohni]], [[Blixa Bargeld]], and [[Marc Almond]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.throbbing-gristle.com/INDUSTRIALRECORDS/desertshore/desertshore.html |title=Industrial Records – Releasing 'Industrial Music for Industrial People' Since 1977 |website=throbbing-gristle.com |access-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708202005/http://www.throbbing-gristle.com/INDUSTRIALRECORDS/desertshore/desertshore.html |archive-date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

The group had decided before Christopherson's death to re-record the album because they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings. Christopherson had been the driving force behind the project and had been working on the record in Bangkok with [[Danny Hyde]]. "It was Sleazy's project, then Cosey and Sleazy's, then I came in on it", Carter said in an interview with ''[[The Quietus]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thequietus.com/articles/06114-chris-cosey-throbbing-gristle-desertshore |title=Chris & Cosey Talk Plans to Finish TG's ''Desertshore'' |last=Turner |first=Luke |date=19 April 2011 |website=[[The Quietus]] |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> After Christopherson died, custom instruments built for the project by Christopherson were given to Carter and Tutti, and they began combining his recordings with the work they had done themselves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peek-a-boo-magazine.be/en/interviews/chris-cosey/ |title=Chris & Cosey • Interview • Music Can Be Regarded as Art. <nowiki>|</nowiki> Art Can Be Regarded as Music. • Peek-a-Boo Music Magazine |last=Becu |first=Didier |date=18 June 2011 |website=Peek-a-Boo Music Magazine |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> They announced plans to debut the album live at [[AV Festival]] on 17 March 2012 accompanied by a screening of [[Philippe Garrel]]'s film ''[[The Inner Scar]]'' "for which ''Desertshore'' was the soundtrack and inspiration".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avfestival.co.uk/programme/2012/events-and-exhibitions/wishful-thinking |title=Wishful Thinking: In Remembrance of Peter Christopherson|website=AV Festival |access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>{{clarify|reason=did this happen?|date=September 2016}}

P-Orridge died from leukaemia on 14 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sweeting |first=Adam |date=2020-03-15 |title=Genesis P-Orridge obituary |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/mar/15/genesis-p-orridge-obituary |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The band is widely viewed as having helped create the [[industrial music]] genre along with contemporaries [[Cabaret Voltaire (band)|Cabaret Voltaire]].{{sfn|Savage|1992|p=587}} The term was coined in the mid-1970s with the founding of Industrial Records by P-Orridge and [[Monte Cazazza]]; on Throbbing Gristle's debut album ''The Second Annual Report'', they coined the slogan "industrial music for industrial people".<ref name="Kilpatrick, Nancy 2004, p. 86">{{cite book|author-link=Nancy Kilpatrick|last=Kilpatrick|first=Nancy|title=The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|year=2004|isbn=0-312-30696-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312306960/page/86 86]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312306960/page/86}}</ref>

[[Alternative Press (magazine)|Alternative Press]] included Throbbing Gristle in their 1996 list of "100 underground inspirations of the past 20 years."<ref name="ap-11-100-1996">{{cite journal |last1=Braitman |first1=Stephen |editor-first=Michael |editor-last=Shea |title=100 Underground Inspirations of the Past 20 Years |journal=Alternative Press |date=1996 |volume=11 |issue=100 |pages=39–56 |location=Cleveland, OH |issn=1065-1667}}</ref>

''Wreckers of Civilization'', a survey on COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle's original run written by Simon Ford, was published in 1999.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Watson|first=Don|date=March 1999|title=''Wreckers of Civilization: The Story of COUM Transmissions & Throbbing Gristle'', by Simon Ford|url=https://archive.org/details/the-wire-magazine-1999-03-cbz/page/n73|department=Print Run / Reviews|magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]]|issue=181|pages=74–75|access-date=4 June 2020|via=the Internet Archive}}</ref> A book in the [[33⅓]] series on ''20 Jazz Funk Greats'' by Drew Daniel of [[Matmos]] was released in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=33 1/3 - Throbbing Gristle - Twenty Jazz Funk Greats |url=https://shop.theheartworm.com/products/33-1-3-throbbing-gristle-twenty-jazz-funk-greats |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Heartworm Press |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Other, Like Me: The Oral History of COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle]]'', a documentary on both projects consisting of archival footage and photos and interviews with their members, was co-produced by [[BBC Television]] and aired on [[BBC Four]] in December 2021.

== Members ==
* [[Genesis P-Orridge]] – lead vocals, bass guitar, violin, guitars, percussion
* [[Cosey Fanni Tutti]] – guitars, cornet, effects, vocals, tapes
* [[Peter Christopherson]] – tapes, electronics, cornet, percussion
* [[Chris Carter (British musician)|Chris Carter]] – synthesizers, tapes, electronics, drum machine, programming<ref name=":0" />

== Discography ==
{{Main|Throbbing Gristle discography}}

'''Studio albums'''

* ''[[The Second Annual Report]]'' (1977)
* ''[[D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle]]'' (1978)
* ''[[20 Jazz Funk Greats]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Journey Through a Body]]'' (1982)
* ''[[CD1 (album)|CD1 (untitled)]]'' (1986)
* ''[[TG Now]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Part Two (Throbbing Gristle album)|Part Two: The Endless Not]]'' (2007)
* ''The Third Mind Movements'' (2009)
* ''Desertshore / The Final Report'' (2012) (as X-TG)

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|30em|indent=y}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Cogan|first1=Brian.|title='Do They Owe Us a Living? Of Course They Do!' Crass, Throbbing Gristle, and Anarchy and Radicalism in Early English Punk Rock|journal=Journal for the Study of Radicalism|volume=1|issue=2|date=Summer 2007|pages=77–90|doi=10.1353/jsr.2008.0004|jstor=41887578|s2cid=143586670}}
* {{cite book|last1=Collins|first1=Simon|section=Sifting Through the Wreckage. (Interview with Simon Ford, author of ''Wreckers of Civilisation'')|title=Headpress 19: World Without End'|year=1999|pages=75–84}}
* {{cite book |last=Daniel|first=Drew|year=2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/20jazzfunkgreats0000dani|url-access=registration|title=20 Jazz Funk Greats |series=[[33⅓]] |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-0-8264-2793-9|oclc=1285463784|via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Duboys |first=Éric |year=2007 |title=Industrial Music for Industrial People |isbn=9782910196493|oclc=213489927|location=Rosières-en-Haye|publisher=Camion Blanc |language=fr}}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Ford|first=Simon|date=October 1996|title=Industrial Revolutionaries|url=https://archive.org/details/the-wire-magazine-1996-10-cbz/page/n33|magazine=The Wire|issue=152|pages=34–38|access-date=4 June 2020|issn=0952-0686|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book |last=Ford |first=Simon |year=1999 |title=Wreckers of Civilization: The Story of COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle |location=London|publisher=Black Dog Publishing|isbn=1-901033-60-0|oclc=473269351}}
* {{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/punkdiary197019700gima| title=Punk Diary: 1970-1979 | publisher=St. Martin Press|location=New York | last=Gimarc | first=George | year=1994|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive | isbn=0-312-11048-0|oclc=1036837397}}
* {{Cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Canongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|location=New York|oclc=1147737148|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Larkin|first=Colin|date=1998|title=Throbbing Gristle|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo07lark/page/5427/mode/1up|encyclopedia=[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|edition=3rd|volume=7|location=London|publisher=Muze|page=5427|isbn=1-56159-237-4|lccn=98-37439|oclc=1033585112|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|title=Tape Delay: Confessions from the Eighties Underground|last1=Neal|first1=Charles|publisher=SAF Publishing Ltd|year=1987|isbn=978-0-946719-02-0|via=the Internet Archive|url=https://archive.org/details/tapedelay00neal|url-access=registration|oclc=1036924477}}
* {{Cite book|last=Poulsen|first=Henrik Bech|url=https://archive.org/details/77yearofpunkneww00poul|title='77 : The Year of Punk & New Wave|publisher=Helter Skelter|year=2005|isbn=1-900924-92-7|location=London|oclc=1023792996|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|last1=Reed|first1=S. Alexander|title=Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/assimilatecritic0000reed|url-access=registration|isbn=978-0-19-983260-6|oclc=1147729910|lccn=2012-42281|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Reynolds|title=Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984|url=https://archive.org/details/ripitupstartagai00reyn|url-access=registration|publisher=Faber and Faber|location=London|year=2005|isbn=0-571-21569-6|oclc=1036851652|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book |last=Savage |first=Jon |author-link=Jon Savage |year=1992|title=England's Dreaming |url=https://archive.org/details/englandsdreaming00sava |url-access=registration |publisher=St. Martin Press|location=New York|isbn=0-312-08774-8|oclc=1034663114|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Dave|year=2002|title=Alternative Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/alternativerock0000thom/|url-access=registration|location=San Francisco, CA|publisher=Miller Freeman|isbn=0-87930-607-6|pages=685–687|lccn=00-58249|oclc=1193377576|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|last=Turner|first=Alwyn W.|chapter=Throbbing Gristle|year=2003|edition=3rd|editor-last=Buckley|editor-first=Peter|title=The Rough Guide to Rock|location=London, New York|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock0003unse/page/1084 1084–1085]|isbn=1-84353-105-4|oclc=1151158224|via=the Internet Archive|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock0003unse|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|first=Cosey Fanni|last=Tutti|year=2017|title=Art Sex Music|location=London|publisher=Faber & Faber|oclc=1013927538|isbn=9780571328512}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Vale |editor1-first=V. |editor2-last=Juno |editor2-first=Andrea |year=1983 |title=Re/Search #6/7: Industrial Culture Handbook|url=https://archive.org/details/ReSearchIndustrialCultureHandbook |location=San Francisco, CA|publisher=RE/Search Publications|isbn=0-940642-07-7|via=the Internet Archive}}
* {{cite book|last=Walker|first=John Albert|title=Cross-overs: Art into Pop/Pop into Art|year=1987|location=London, New York|publisher=Methuen|url=https://archive.org/details/crossoversartint00walk|url-access=registration|isbn=1-8517-8016-5|oclc=1029019237|via=the Internet Archive}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.throbbing-gristle.com/}}

{{Throbbing Gristle}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cassette culture 1970s–1990s]]
[[Category:English industrial music groups]]
[[Category:English electronic music groups]]
[[Category:English experimental musical groups]]
[[Category:English post-punk music groups]]
[[Category:British dark ambient music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1975]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1981]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2004]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:British noise musical groups]]
[[Category:Performance artist collectives]]
[[Category:Industrial Records artists]]