Editing Thrissur

{{Short description|City in Kerala, India}}
{{About|the city}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Thrissur
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[GDDP]](2024)
| blank3_info_sec1   = $13.6 Billion <ref>https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-02/ER_2024%20Eng_Vol%202_Press.pdf</ref>
| native_name        = തൃശൂർ
| native_name_lang   = ml
| other_name         = Trichur, Thrissivaperur
| settlement_type    = [[Metropolis]]
| blank4_name_sec1   = Importance
| blank4_info_sec1   = Cultural capital of Kerala
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 255
| image_style              =
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2
| image3=Lourd metharapolitha cathedral thrissur (2).jpg
| image2=Vadakkumnathan Temple.jpg
| image1=JJP 112.jpg
| image4=Sakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur.jpg

| image5=Cape of Kodungallur.jpg
| image6=Clock tower of Thrissur Muncipal Corporation building.JPG
| image7=The View of the Athirapally Falls during the onset of Monsoon.jpg
}}
| image_caption      = '''''Clockwise from top:'''''<br /> Thrissur city, [[Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral|Metharapolitha Cathedral]], Cape of Kodungallur, [[Athirappilly Falls]], Clock tower, [[Sakthan Thampuran Palace]], [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]]
| nickname           = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Thrissur ([[Kerala]])
| pushpin_label      = Thrissur
| coordinates        = {{coord|10|31|39.4|N|76|12|51.8|E|display=inline,title}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thrissur&params=10_31_39.4_N_76_12_51.8_E_type:city(1367742)_region:IN-KL]
| subdivision_type   = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Thrissur District|Thrissur]]
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| government_type    = [[Municipal Corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title1      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = [[M K Varghese]] (LDF – Independent)
| leader_title2      = [[Deputy mayor]]
| leader_name2       = Rajasree Gopan (LDF – CPI(M))
| leader_title3      = [[Police commissioner]]
| leader_name3       = R Ilango <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/06/10/thrissur-pooram-row-city-police-commissioner-ankit-asokan-transferred.html | title=Thrissur Pooram disruption: City Police Commissioner Ankit Asokan transferred }}</ref> [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| leader_title4      = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name4       = [[Suresh Gopi]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://thrissurcorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/about-corporation/378 | title=തൃശ്ശൂര്‍ കോര്‍പ്പറേഷന്‍ }}</ref>
| area_rank          = 4th
| area_total_km2     = 101.42
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 39.58
| population_total   = 315,957
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 3115
| population_metro   = 3,720,000 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/cities/21416/thrissur/population | title=Thrissur, India Metro Area Population 1950-2025 }}</ref>
| population_demonym = Thrissurkaran (male)<br />Thrissurkari (female)<br />Thrissurkar (plural)
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/kerala/|title = Kerala (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 680xxx
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone]] codes
| area_code          = Thrissur: +91487xxxxxxx,<br />[[Irinjalakuda]]: +91480xxxxxxx,<br />[[Wadakkancherry]]: +914884xxxxxx,<br />[[Kunnamkulam]]: +914885xxxxxx
| registration_plate = KL-08
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Literacy rate]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = 97.24%
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Climatic regions of India|Am/Aw]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = {{convert|3100|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2   = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2   = {{convert|35|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2   = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2   = {{convert|20|°C|°F}}
| website            = https://thrissur.nic.in/
| footnotes          = 
| official_name      = 
}}

'''Thrissur''' ({{langx|ml|തൃശൂർ}}, {{IPA|ml|triˈʃ(ː)uːr|pron|Thrissur.ogg}}), [[Renaming of cities in India|formerly]] '''Trichur''', also known by its historical name '''Thrissivaperur''', is a city and the headquarters of the [[Thrissur district]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is the [[List of most populous urban agglomerations in Kerala|third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala]] after [[Kochi]] and [[Kozhikode]], and the [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|21st largest]] in India.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf
|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011
|publisher=Census India
|access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112074554/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf |archive-date=Nov 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/kerala/ppt_at_a_glance_kerala.pdf
|title=Comparative study of decadal growth of state/districts 1991–2001, 2001–2011
|publisher=Census India
|access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017093408/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/kerala/ppt_at_a_glance_kerala.pdf |archive-date=Oct 17, 2011}}</ref> Thrissur is classified as a [[Classification_of_Indian_cities|Tier-2 city]] by the [[Government of India]]. The city is built around a {{convert|65|acre|ha|adj=on}} hillock called [[Thekkinkadu Maidan|Thekkinkadu Maidanam (തേക്കിൻകാട് മൈതാനം)]] which seats the [[Vadakkunnathan Temple|Vadakkumnathan (വടക്കുംനാഥൻ) temple]]. It is located {{convert|304|km|mi|0}} north-west of the state's capital city, [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram(തിരുവനന്തപുരം)]]. Thrissur was once the capital of the [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kingdom of Cochin (കൊച്ചി രാജ്യം - kochi rājyam)]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=തൃശ്ശൂര്‍ കോര്‍പ്പറേഷന്‍ |url=https://thrissurcorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/history |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Thrissur corporation}}</ref> and was a point of contact for the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Greeks]], [[Persians]], [[Arab people|Arabs]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[English people|English]].

Thrissur is known as City of Celebrations and also called the cultural capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history<ref>{{Cite web |title=District of Thrissur the Cultural Capital and the land of Pooram Festival |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/districts/thrissur/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.keralatourism.org |language=en}}</ref>.<ref name="Thrissur">{{cite web|title=Thrissur|url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/thrissur.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712204309/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/thrissur.htm|archive-date=12 July 2012|access-date=22 September 2010|publisher=Thrissur Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The city centre contains the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy]], [[Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi|Kerala Lalithakala Akademi]] and [[Kerala Sahitya Academy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Literary and cultural societies|url=http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/sectors.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218134049/http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/sectors.htm|archive-date=18 February 2012|access-date=6 October 2010|publisher=Kerala Government}}</ref> The city hosts the [[Thrissur Pooram]] festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web|title=Festivals and Fairs of Thrissur|url=http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92:festivals-and-fairs&catid=29:tourism&Itemid=38|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313140644/http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92:festivals-and-fairs&catid=29:tourism&Itemid=38|archive-date=13 March 2014|access-date=6 October 2012|publisher=Kerala Government}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tourism|url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326160448/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|archive-date=26 March 2012|access-date=6 October 2010|publisher=Thrissur Corporation}}</ref> The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan of [[Vadakkunnathan Temple|Vadakumnathan]] Temple  in April or May, in the Malayalam month 'medam'.<ref name="Thrissur" />

Religion is important and varied in Thrissur. The city has historically been a centre of Hindu scholarship, and [[Christianity]], [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] are believed to have entered the [[Indian subcontinent]] through Thrissur and its surrounding areas. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the [[Vadakkumnathan temple]], [[Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple]],  and [[Paramekkavu temple]]. There are three major Catholic churches, the [[Saint Antony's Church, Ollur|St. Antony's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane]], [[Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral]] and [[Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica]], the largest Christian church in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pilgrimage|url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326160448/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|archive-date=26 March 2012|access-date=6 October 2010|publisher=Thrissur Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank|url=http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/catholic-syrian-gods-own-bank/12582/1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430140709/http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/catholic-syrian-gods-own-bank/12582/1|archive-date=30 April 2010|access-date=27 April 2010|work=Forbes India}}</ref> Thrissur is home to the [[Academy of Sharia and Advanced Studies]] an Islamic institute that is unusual in that it teaches [[Sanskrit]] and aspart of the Sanskrit syllabus it includes study of several key Hindu texts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Kerala: Islamic Institute Starts Sanskrit Course, Sets Example Amid Saffronisation Debate |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/kerala-islamic-institute-starts-sanskrit-course-sets-example-amid-saffronisation-debate-news-237024 |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=www.outlookindia.com/ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-17 |title=Islamic Institute in Kerala to teach Bhagvad Gita, Sanskrit Hindu texts as part of its syllabus |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/islamic-institute-in-kerala-to-teach-bhagvad-gita-sanskrit-hindu-texts-as-part-of-its-syllabus-3512308.html |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=www.oneindia.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindu texts, Sanskrit in Islamic school |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/hindu-texts-sanskrit-in-islamic-school/cid/1910315 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Islamic institution in Thrissur teaches students Sanskrit, Gita, Upanishads |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/featured/islamic-institution-in-thrissur-teaches-students-sanskrit-gita-upanishads/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=The South First |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=2022-11-13 |title=Kerala Islamic institute teaches Sanskrit and Upanishads |url=https://english.madhyamam.com/india/kerala-islamic-institute-teaches-sanskrit-and-upanishads-1095918 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=english.madhyamam.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=I. N. |date=2022-11-14 |title=Kerala's Islamic institution teaches Sanskrit, Hindu scriptures |url=https://www.indianarrative.com/culture-news/keralas-islamic-institution-teaches-sanskrit-and-hindu-scriptures-to-students-71850.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Indianarrative |language=en}}</ref>

The city is the headquarters of four major [[Scheduled Banks (India)|scheduled banks]], [[South Indian Bank Ltd]], [[CSB Bank]], [[Dhanalakshmi Bank]] and [[ESAF Small Finance Bank]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=With RBI nod, ESAF is now 'scheduled bank'|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/with-rbi-nod-esaf-is-now-scheduled-bank/article25853930.ece|access-date=2021-10-27|website=@businessline|date=28 December 2018|language=en}}</ref> as well as several [[chit fund]]s.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite web|title=Chit fund cos on the rise in Kerala|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/chit-fund-cos-on-the-rise-in-kerala/513907/|access-date=15 February 2010|work=The Indian Express|date=7 September 2009}}</ref> The city is also a big centre for silks and gold jewellery. Thrissur attracts the largest number of domestic [[Tourism|tourists]] in Kerala.<ref name="Tourist statistics">{{cite web|title=Tourist statistics|url=http://www.keralatourism.org/tourismstatistics/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Tourist_statistics_for_Internet.pdf|access-date=15 February 2010|publisher=Kerala Tourism}}</ref>

Thrissur is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions, including the [[Kerala Kalamandalam]], [[Kerala Agricultural University]], [[Kerala University of Health Sciences]], [[College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy|College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences]], [[Sree Kerala Varma College]], [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur|St Thomas College]], [[Jawahar Bal Bhavan Thrissur]], Kerala Institute of Local Administration, [[Kerala Forest Research Institute]], [[Ramavarmapuram|Kerala Police Academy]], [[Police Dog Training Centre]], [[Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy]], [[Excise Academy and Research Centre]], [[Sree Rama Varma Music School|Government College Of Music And Performing Arts]], [[College of Fine Arts, Thrissur|Government College of Fine Arts]], [[Government Law College, Thrissur|Government Law College]], [[Government Engineering College, Thrissur|Government Engineering College]], [[Government Medical College, Thrissur|Government Medical College]] and Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.kau.edu/institution.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317052201/http://www.kau.edu/institution.htm|archive-date=17 March 2014|access-date=6 May 2010|publisher=Kerala Agricultural University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.kilaonline.org/node/1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016122959/http://www.kilaonline.org/node/1|archive-date=16 October 2013|access-date=6 May 2010|publisher=Kerala Institute of Local Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Educational Institutions|url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326160448/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/pilgrim.htm|archive-date=26 March 2012|access-date=6 October 2010|publisher=Thrissur Corporation}}</ref> [[UNESCO]] has included Thrissur in its Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC) in recognition of the city's outstanding efforts to make lifelong learning a reality for all at the local level.<ref name="UNESCO-GNLC">{{cite web|title=UNESCO Global Network of Learning cities - Thrissur, India|url=https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/learning-cities/thrissur|access-date=29 November 2024|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name Thrissur ([[Malayalam]]: തൃശ്ശൂർ) is a shortened form of the Malayalam word ''Thirusshivaperoor'' (meaning: Place of Lord Shiva's Name).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thrissur District |url=https://thrissur.nic.in/en/#:~:text=The%20term%20Thrissur%20is%20the,the%20famous%20%E2%80%9CVADAKKUMNATHAN%E2%80%9D%20Temple.}}</ref> The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city, which is the [[Vadakkumnathan Temple]], which has [[Shiva]] as its presiding deity.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Ukyp-gbtHcC&pg=PA7069 |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia|access-date=20 January 2013|isbn=9788177552577|year=2002|last1=Kapoor|first1=Subodh|publisher=Cosmo Publications }}</ref> Thrissur was officially known by its anglicized name Trichur until 1990 when the government decided to replace it with its real Malayalam name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4 Pivotal points about Thrissur – The Cultural Nerve center of Kerala |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/LifeStyle/Read/142118/4-Pivotal-points-about-Thrissur-%E2%80%93-The-Cultural-Nerve-center-of-Kerala#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=indiaherald.com |language=en}}</ref> Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thrissur – History|url=http://thrissur.gov.in/history.asp|publisher=Thrissur district website|access-date=15 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223172335/http://thrissur.gov.in/history.asp|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Thrissur}}
The presence of numerous prehistoric [[megalith]]s and [[dolmen]]s indicates that Thrissur has been occupied from at least 1000{{nbsp}}BCE to 500{{nbsp}}CE.<ref>S Hemachandran, [http://www.kerala.gov.in/keralacalljuly_07/pg30-31.pdf "Monuments Embossing History"]{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}, ''Kerala Calling'', July 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2009</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|date=4 December 2009|title=A tour of heritage sites in Thrissur|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://hindu.com/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450620200.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208143112/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450620200.htm|archive-date=8 December 2009}}</ref>

[[File:55Trichur Temple Main Entrance.jpg|thumb| Image of the main entrance of [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] seen from [[Swaraj Round]] from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway|left]]
The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] had naval influence in many parts of [[Kerala]] in the 16th century, including Thrissur. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Portuguese naval power was reduced and [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] became the main naval power. With the help of the Dutch, the royal family of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] recaptured Thrissur from the [[Zamorin of Calicut]] in 1710.<ref name="Brief History">{{cite web
 |url         = http://ecostat.kerala.gov.in/pdf/dis/thrissur.pdf
 |title       = Brief History
 |publisher   = Kerala Government
 |access-date  = 27 June 2011
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034630/http://ecostat.kerala.gov.in/pdf/dis/thrissur.pdf
 |archive-date = 26 April 2012
}}</ref>

Thrissur rose to importance after Maharaja [[Sakthan Thampuran]] ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Cochin (1769–1805) and made Thrissur his capital. The Maharaja made the city into a major financial and commercial hub of [[South India]], by inviting [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] families and [[Brahmins]] from adjoining areas.<ref name="Brief History" />

During 1750–60 [[Hyder Ali]], the Sultan of the powerful [[Kingdom of Mysore]], conquered Thrissur, making it a tributary of Mysore. In 1786, the son of [[Tipu Sultan]] of Mysore led another invasion of Thrissur but retreated after the Srirangapattanam war.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://voi.org/books/tipu/ch04.htm
|title=Tipu Sultan: as known in Kerala
|publisher=VOI Books
|access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> In the meantime, [[Rama Varma X]], the successor of Sakthan Thampuran signed a treaty with the [[East India Company]], transforming the state of [[Cochin]] into a British Protectorate.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}[[File:Plan of the Hindu temple at Trichur.jpg|thumb|The first known map of Thrissur City with [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] prepared by [[John Gould]] in 1816|left]]

The [[Indian independence movement]] gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of the [[Indian National Congress]]. The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years, and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 October 2010|title=Thrissur school remembers Mahatma's visit|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/15/stories/2010101550770200.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=11 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013171839/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/15/stories/2010101550770200.htm|archive-date=13 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barrister Krishna Menon's forgotten story|url=http://www.cityjournal.in/Newspaper/20110615/metro/metro_19.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204249/http://www.cityjournal.in/Newspaper/20110615/metro/metro_19.html|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=11 July 2011|publisher=CityJournal}}</ref>

[[R. K. Shanmukham Chetty]], the controversial [[Divan|Diwan]] of Cochin Kingdom from 1935 to 1941, developed the city by constructing [[Thrissur Town Hall]] and [[Ramanilayam]], buildings which remain important in Kerala politics. Other important civic buildings and infrastructure constructed around this time include the [[Municipal Corporation Building, Thrissur|Municipal Corporation Building of Thrissur]] and the [[Swaraj Round]].<ref name="A Krishnan 2009 p.35-38">C A Krishnan (2009). ''Anchuvilakku'', p.35-38. Green Books, Thrissur. {{ISBN|978-81-8423-128-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://thrissur.gov.in/history.asp
 |title        = Thrissur – History
 |publisher    = Thrissur Govt
 |access-date   = 11 July 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20111026003556/http://www.thrissur.gov.in/history.asp
 |archive-date = 26 October 2011
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

In 1947, when India gained [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence from colonial rule]], Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin. [[Thrissur district]] was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur.

== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Thrissur}}

[[File:Koal fileds of Thrissur.jpg|thumb|The [[Thrissur Kole Wetlands|Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands]] is one of largest, highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala. It acts as natural drainage for City of Thrissur.|alt=|left]]

Thrissur is the headquarters of [[Thrissur district]], in the center of the Indian state of Kerala. The city is 75&nbsp;km north-east of [[Kochi, India|Kochi]], 133&nbsp;km south-west of [[Coimbatore]], 124&nbsp;km south-east of [[Kozhikode]] and 151&nbsp;km north of [[Changanacherry]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/32300-IND/32300-02-Thrissur-IND-TACR.pdf |title=Geography and Climate |publisher=ADB |access-date=16 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612064216/http://www2.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/32300-IND/32300-02-Thrissur-IND-TACR.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2012 }}</ref> The city is located in a hillock called [[Thekkinkadu Maidan]] which is the second highest point in the city after the [[Vilangan Hills]]. The city has an average altitude of 2.83 meters above sea level.<ref name=":0" />

From the hillock, the city gradually flattens into the [[Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands]], which act as natural drainage for the city. The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into the [[Laccadive Sea]], keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/10/14/stories/2007101450020200.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016093454/http://hindu.com/mag/2007/10/14/stories/2007101450020200.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=16 October 2007
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|title=Warning bells in Kole
|date=2007-10-14
|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ecoinsee.org/6bconf/Theme%20A/AB.3.2%20Jeena.pdf
|title=Agriculture-wetland interactions and sustainability of rice cultivation in the Kole land, Kerala
|publisher=Jeena T Srinivasan
|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/08/stories/2011010860470300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424070830/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/08/stories/2011010860470300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=24 April 2011
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|title=Project to protect kole wetlands
|date=2011-01-08
|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/18/stories/2011041854330700.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719072933/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/18/stories/2011041854330700.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=19 July 2011
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|title=Migratory fish spotted in kole land
|date=2011-04-18
|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref>

The city is located in the midland region of Kerala, with an extended part of the Palakkad plains.<ref name="Jose">Jose AI, Paulose S, Prameela P & Bonny BP (eds), 2002, [http://www.kau.edu/pop/map_of_agro_zones.htm Package of Practices Recommendations: Crops] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219053217/http://www.kau.edu/pop/map_of_agro_zones.htm |date=19 December 2005 }}, Kerala Agricultural University. Retrieved 18 January 2006.</ref> The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists. Major parts of the city are covered by [[Archean|Archaean]] rocks.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://210.212.239.30/tsr/evolution&geography.htm
 |title       = Geography
 |publisher   = Thrissur Municipal Corporation
 |access-date  = 27 November 2010
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034621/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/evolution%26geography.htm
 |archive-date = 26 April 2012
}}</ref> The city lies near the center of the Indian tectonic plate (the Indian Plate) and is subject to comparatively little [[seismic]] or [[volcanic]] activity.
[[File:Vadakkechira 2013 december.JPG|thumb|Ponds and canals in [[Vadakkechira, Thrissur]] prevent flooding during monsoon season.|alt=|left]]

=== Climate ===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the City of Thrissur features a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (''Am''). Summer lasts from March to May which is the hottest time of the year. Summer months are uncomfortable due to higher levels of heat and humidity. Daytime temperatures can rise up to {{convert|36|to|38|°C|°F|1}} coupled with excessive humidity. Summer is followed by the [[south-west monsoon|southwest monsoon]] from June to September. October and November form the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is cooler, and windy, due to winds from the [[Western Ghats]]. Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year. Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around {{convert|30|°C|°F|disp=or}}.<ref name="Climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/gen.htm |title=Climate |publisher=Kerala Government |access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208205700/http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/gen.htm |archive-date=8 February 2011 }}</ref>

The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is approximately {{convert|3100|mm|in|0|disp=or}}. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is {{convert|36|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} while the minimum temperature recorded is {{convert|27|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}. The winter season records a maximum average of {{convert|31|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} and a minimum average of {{convert|20|°C|°F|disp=or}}.<ref name="Climate" />

{{Weather box
| width       = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location    = Thrissur ([[Vellanikkara]]) 1991–2020
| Jan record high C = 35.9
| Feb record high C = 39.7
| Mar record high C = 40.4
| Apr record high C = 39.9
| May record high C = 38.3
| Jun record high C = 36.2
| Jul record high C = 33.0
| Aug record high C = 33.3
| Sep record high C = 35.3
| Oct record high C = 35.4
| Nov record high C = 34.9
| Dec record high C = 35.5
| year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 33.1
| Feb high C = 34.8
| Mar high C = 35.7
| Apr high C = 34.9
| May high C = 33.3
| Jun high C = 30.2
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 29.8
| Sep high C = 30.6
| Oct high C = 31.5
| Nov high C = 32.0
| Dec high C = 32.0
| year high C = 32.2
| Jan low C = 22.2
| Feb low C = 22.7
| Mar low C = 24.4
| Apr low C = 25.1
| May low C = 24.7
| Jun low C = 23.6
| Jul low C = 23.0
| Aug low C = 23.1
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 22.9
| Nov low C = 22.9
| Dec low C = 22.5
| year low C = 23.3
| Jan record low C = 16.5
| Feb record low C = 16.9
| Mar record low C = 18.9
| Apr record low C = 19.9
| May record low C = 20.2
| Jun record low C = 19.6
| Jul record low C = 18.5
| Aug record low C = 19.6
| Sep record low C = 20.3
| Oct record low C = 18.0
| Nov record low C = 16.9
| Dec record low C = 16.6
| year record low C = 
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.4
| Feb rain mm = 19.0
| Mar rain mm = 27.8
| Apr rain mm = 60.1
| May rain mm = 214.3
| Jun rain mm = 615.8
| Jul rain mm = 596.6
| Aug rain mm = 484.4
| Sep rain mm = 320.6
| Oct rain mm = 289.7
| Nov rain mm = 95.9
| Dec rain mm = 8.4
| year rain mm = 2732.9
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.7
| Mar rain days = 1.7
| Apr rain days = 3.8
| May rain days = 8.3
| Jun rain days = 22.0
| Jul rain days = 23.6
| Aug rain days = 18.3
| Sep rain days = 13.8
| Oct rain days = 12.0
| Nov rain days = 4.8
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 109.9
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|Jan humidity=46
|Feb humidity=47
|Mar humidity=59
|Apr humidity=66
|May humidity=71
|Jun humidity=82
|Jul humidity=82
|Aug humidity=80
|Sep humidity=78
|Oct humidity=77
|Nov humidity=70
|Dec humidity=57
|year humidity=68
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Thrissur}}
Thrissur is home to many Malayaliee entrepreneurs<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news|date=4 March 2009|title=South Indian Bank sees sunshine in slowdown|work=The Economic Times|url=http://www1.economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Banking-Finance-/Banking/South-Indian-Bank-sees-sunshine-in-slowdown/articleshow/4222496.cms|url-status=dead|access-date=16 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719043838/http://www1.economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Banking-Finance-/Banking/South-Indian-Bank-sees-sunshine-in-slowdown/articleshow/4222496.cms|archive-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.<ref name="South Indian Bank sees sunshine in slowdown">{{cite news|date=4 March 2009|title=Banking/Finance|publisher=(The Economic Times)|url=http://www1.economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Banking-Finance-/Banking/South-Indian-Bank-sees-sunshine-in-slowdown/articleshow/4222496.cms|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719043838/http://www1.economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Banking-Finance-/Banking/South-Indian-Bank-sees-sunshine-in-slowdown/articleshow/4222496.cms|archive-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran invited [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] families and [[Brahmins]] to settle in Thrissur city from their business centers in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centers of plain gold and [[rolled gold]] jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/Kerala-shines-in-gold-ornament-export/articleshow/1205891.cms
|title=Kerala shines in gold ornament export
|work=The Economic Times
|access-date=13 December 2010
|date=20 August 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blnus/08091450.htm
 |title      = No impact of recession on gold business'
 |work       = Business Line
 |access-date = 13 December 2010
}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.diamonds.net/news/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=24176
|title=Kerala Hosts First Gem & Jewellery Show
|date=20 November 2008
|publisher=Diamonds Net
|access-date=13 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/06/stories/2008100657330200.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009062826/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/06/stories/2008100657330200.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=9 October 2008
|title=Exhibition on gold jewellery from November 14
|access-date=13 December 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=6 October 2008}}</ref> The artisans based in these units craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.

[[File:K. Karunakaran Smaraka Town Hall 02.JPG|thumbnail|The Town Hall in Thrissur|left]]

According to the [[Reserve Bank of India]], Thrissur has been regarded as a banking town since the 1930s, when 58 banks were headquartered in the city. In the present, the city remains a significant center for banking and finance, with the headquarters of major banks like [[South Indian Bank]], [[CSB Bank]], [[Dhanlaxmi Bank]], and other financial institutions like [[Manappuram Finance]], [[Kerala State Financial Enterprises]] and [[ESAF Small Finance Bank]].<ref name="The Hindu 3">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/esaf-to-start-with-10-branches-as-small-finance-bank/article8866748.ece|title=ESAF to start with 10 branches as small finance bank|work=The Hindu|date=18 July 2016|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="About Us">{{cite web|url=http://www.southindianbank.com/content/viewContentLvl1.aspx?linkIdLvl2=5&linkid=5|title=About Us|publisher=South Indian Bank|access-date=1 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.csb.co.in/asp/0100text.asp?pageId=2&headId=27
 |title       = Genesis
 |publisher   = Catholic Syrian Bank
 |access-date  = 15 February 2010
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100217211409/http://www.csb.co.in/asp/0100text.asp?pageID=2&headID=27
 |archive-date = 17 February 2010
}}</ref> Many [[chit fund]]s, a type of Indian savings and credit system, are located in Thrissur. In 2010, an estimated 3,000 chit fund companies were located in Thrissur, employing approximately 35,000 people.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_chit-fund-companies-on-the-rise_1288173
|title=Chit fund companies on the rise
|newspaper=DNA India
|publisher=DNA
|access-date=15 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/chit-fund-cos-on-the-rise-in-kerala/513907/
|title=Chit fund cos on the rise in Kerala
|work=The Indian Express
|date=7 September 2009
|access-date=15 February 2010}}</ref>

[[File:South indian bank head office.JPG|thumb|right|[[South Indian Bank]] headquarters in Thrissur City]]

The city is a hub for the [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] drug-manufacturing industry. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing companies in Kerala, about 150, including some of the largest in the state like [[Oushadhi]], [[Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala]], [[KP Namboodiris]], are located in and around the city.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=26402&sectionid=50
|title=Thrissur – The nerve-centre of Ayurveda
|publisher=Pharmabiz.com
|access-date=13 December 2010}}</ref> [[Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster]], another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in [[Koratty]] in Thrissur District.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/centre-to-partfund-ayurveda-testing-facility-in-thrissur/264507/
|title=Centre to part-fund Ayurveda testing facility in Thrissur
|work=The Financial Express
|date=23 January 2008
|access-date=13 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003711700.htm
 |title        = Centre sanctions Rs 29 cr for ayurveda cluster in Thrissur
 |work         = Business Line
 |access-date   = 13 January 2010
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100323102726/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003711700.htm
 |archive-date = 23 March 2010
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20T%20Balakrishnan.pdf
|title=Ayurvedic Industry – Challenges And Opportunities
|publisher=CII
|access-date=13 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cii.in/WebCMS/Upload/Mr%20A%20K%20Krishnakumar.pdf
|title=Ayurveda Sector in India: Challenges, Potential & Way Forward
|publisher=Global Ayurveda Summit 2010
|access-date=13 January 2010}}</ref>

Retail businesses in Thrissur include [[Kalyan Group]], [[Jos Alukkas]], [[Jos Alukkas|Joy Alukkas]] and Josco Group.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&programId=1079897624&contentId=8267335&district=Thrissur&BV_ID=@@@
|title=Thrissur, the new textile capital
|publisher=Manorama Online.com
|access-date=25 November 2010}}</ref> [[Infopark, Thrissur|InfoPark Thrissur]], the fourth technology park in Kerala, is situated in Thrissur District.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/koratty-it-park-set-to-begin-operations/394389/
|title=Koratty IT park set to begin operations
|work=Business Standard
|date=11 May 2010
|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.keralait.org/search_result.php?project_id=1&location_id=4
 |title        = InfoPark Thrissur
 |publisher    = Kerala IT
 |access-date   = 19 May 2010
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100706090012/http://www.keralait.org/search_result.php?project_id=1&location_id=4
 |archive-date = 6 July 2010
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article136596.ece
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814165030/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article136596.ece
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=14 August 2014
|title=Koratty Infopark first phase inauguration on Oct
|work=The New Indian Express
|date=8 October 2009
|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.<ref name="Tourist statistics" />

== Administration ==
{{Main|Administration of Thrissur}}
{|  class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220"
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|'''Municipal Corporation Officials'''
|-
|align="center"| Mayor||[[M K Varghese]]
|-
|align="center"|Police Commissioner|| R Adithya IPS
|-
|align="center"|Deputy mayor||Rajashree Gopan
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="3"|'''Members of Legislative Assembly'''
|-
|align="center"|[[Thrissur Assembly Constituency]]||P. Balachandran
|-
|align="center"|[[Ollur Assembly Constituency]]||[[K. Rajan (politician)]]
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="3"|'''Member of Parliament'''
|-
|align="center"|[[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]]||[[Suresh Gopi]]
|}

{{Main|Thrissur Municipal Corporation}}
[[File:Thrissur Muncipal Corporation2.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[Municipal Corporation Building, Thrissur]] seen from M.O. Road]]
Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.<ref name="Malayala Manorama">{{cite web
|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&contentId=8143095&district=Thrissur&programId=1079897624&BV_ID=@@@
|title=Thrissur City Corporation turns 100
|publisher=Malayala Manorama
|access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/ksduppro.htm |title=History |publisher=Thrissur Corporation |access-date=5 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719122634/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/ksduppro.htm |archive-date=19 July 2010 }}</ref> In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed, and in 1972, several village councils or [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] were added to the municipality.<ref name="Malayala Manorama" /> On 1 October 2000, the municipal town was upgraded to a [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] and took over the towns and villages of [[Ayyanthole]], Koorkkenchery, [[Nadathara]], Vilvattom (part), [[Ollur]] and [[Ollukkara]].

The city is administered by the [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]], headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur and [[Cherpu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic & Area Particulars of Urban Local Bodies|url=http://thrissur.nic.in/tsrurben.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616192927/http://thrissur.nic.in/tsrurben.asp|archive-date=16 June 2011|access-date=22 September 2010|publisher=Thrissur District}}</ref> For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.

It is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The corporation, headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper, directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the city.<ref name="Malayala Manorama" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Thrissur Corporation|url=http://210.212.239.30/tsr/corporation.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720233639/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/corporation.htm|archive-date=20 July 2010|access-date=22 September 2010|publisher=Thrissur Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The [[Thrissur Urban Development Authority]] and Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city.<ref name="adb.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/32300-IND/32300-02-Thrissur-IND-TACR.pdf |title=Urban Planning and Land Use Management |publisher=ADB |access-date=12 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612064216/http://www2.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Consultant/32300-IND/32300-02-Thrissur-IND-TACR.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1836723/
|title=T.N. Rugmani And Another vs C. Achutha Menon And Ors on 20 December, 1990
|publisher=Indiankanoon.org
|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://go.lsgkerala.gov.in/files/go20121019_7913.pdf
|title=Reinstatement of Thrissur Urban Development Authority
|publisher=Kerala Government
|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&programId=1079897624&contentId=12696235&district=Thrissur&BV_ID=@@@
|title=TUDA is back
|publisher=Manoramaonline.com
|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>

=== Police services ===
The city is the headquarters of [[Thrissur City Police]] and Thrissur Rural Police. The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer. The city is divided into four sub divisions, Thrissur, [[Kunnamkulam]], [[Ollur]] and [[Guruvayur]]. It also operates 24 police stations, including a woman police station and a traffic police station.<ref>{{cite news
|url= http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/02/stories/2011030260110500.htm
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110307193425/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/02/stories/2011030260110500.htm
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 7 March 2011
|title=Thrissur to have city police commissionerate
|access-date=24 June 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work= [[The Hindu]]
|date=2 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url= http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/03/stories/2011020362340400.htm
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110207215745/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/03/stories/2011020362340400.htm
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 7 February 2011
|title=Probe ordered into explosions
|access-date=24 June 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work= [[The Hindu]]
|date=3 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url= http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/04/stories/2011030459320500.htm
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110309055023/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/04/stories/2011030459320500.htm
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 9 March 2011
|title=Thrissur gets Police Commissioner
|access-date=24 June 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work= [[The Hindu]]
|date=4 March 2011}}</ref>

The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst-while District Armed Police headquarters at [[Ramavarmapuram]]. The Thrissur Rural Police has its headquarters at the District Collectorate complex at Ayyanthole. The city is also the headquarters of the [[Inspector General of Police]], Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District, [[Palakkad District]] and [[Malappuram district|Malappuram District]]. All the [[Superintendent of Police]] of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. The city also contains the Kerala Police Academy,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralapolice.org/newsite/kepa.html |title=Official website of Kerala Police |access-date=2009-01-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101163953/http://www.keralapolice.org/newsite/kepa.html |archive-date=1 January 2009 }}</ref> [[Central Prison, Viyyur]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/images/stories/pdf/cpvyr.pdf
|title=Central Prison, Viyyur
|publisher=Kerala Government
|access-date=11 October 2010}}</ref> [[Police Dog Training Centre]] and [[Excise Academy and Research Centre]]. [[State and Union Territory Police Forces#Indian Reserve Battalion|Indian Reserve Battalion]], the new commando unit of [[Kerala Police]] is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article1047353.ece
|title=State security force soon
|work=The Hindu
|access-date=3 February 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|date=7 January 2011}}</ref> [[Border Security Force]] (148 battalion) have its first center in Kerala in Thrissur only.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/01/stories/2009110153990300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013113835/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/01/stories/2009110153990300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=13 October 2011
|title=29 more battalions for BSF
|access-date=3 February 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=1 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1132711.ece
|title=More BSF facilities promised
|work=The Hindu
|access-date=3 February 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|date=28 January 2011}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Historical population
| source = <ref name="censusindia.gov.in">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
| 1941 | 57500
| 1951 | 69500
| 1961 | 73000
| 1971 | 76200
| 1981 | 77900
| 1991 | 74600
| 2001 | 317526
| 2011 | 315957
|align = center
}}

{{bar box
|title = Religions in Thrissur city (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Kerala|Hinduism]]|darkorange|54.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|42.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Kerala|Islam]]|green|10.50}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.26}}
}}

{{As of|2011}} India census, Thrissur city had a population of 315,957.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> Males constitute 48.2% and females constitute 51.8% of the total population numbering 152,296 and 163,661 respectively.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> The density of population is 3,130/km<sup>2</sup>. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in the city is 4.27 members. The city has a slum population equivalent to 0.30% of the total city population and 0.37% of the Kerala's slum population. The city has an average literacy rate of 95.96%: male literacy rate is 97.37% whereas female literacy rate is 94.72%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thrissur City Population 2023 - Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy |url=https://www.indiacensus.net/city/thrissur |website=www.indiacensus.net}}</ref>

Hindus constitute the majority with 54.20% of the population. Christians constitute 40.04% of the population and Muslims constitute 5.50% of the population in Thrissur city. In Thrissur district Hindu population is 58.42% and Muslim population is 17.07% and Christian population is 24.27%.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01: Population by religious community: Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11379/download/14492/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Thrissur city (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Malayalam]] |value1 = 97.76 |color1 = cornflowerblue
|label2 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value2 = 1.35 |color2 = royalblue
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.89 |color3 = grey
}}

By language, 97.76% of the population speaks [[Malayalam]] and 1.35% [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Urban): Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10258/download/13370/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-3200.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Politics ==
{{Main|Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency}}
Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Thrissur City administration is carried out by  Municipal Corporation of Thrissur. [[MK.Varghese]] (LDF) is the Mayor of Thrissur Municipal Corporation. The city of Thrissur is represented in the [[Kerala State Assembly]] by two elected members, one from [[Thrissur Assembly Constituency]] and another from [[Ollur Assembly Constituency]]. {{As of|2021|October|alt=As of 2021}}, [[P. Balachandran (politician)|P. Balachandran]] is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency and [[K. Rajan (politician)|K. Rajan]] from Ollur Assembly Constituency.

Thrissur city is also a part of the [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]] and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. The current [[Member of Parliament|MP]] is [[Suresh Gopi]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-lotus-blooms-in-kerala-suresh-gopi-wins-from-thrissur-3051487 |title= Lok Sabha Elections 2024 – Lotus blooms in Kerala; Suresh Gopi wins from Thrissur |first=Arjun |last=Raghunath |date=2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> The [[Lok Sabha]] seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress (seven terms since 1951) and the [[Communist Party of India]] (ten terms since 1957).

== Culture ==
[[File:Thrissur Church6.jpg|thumb|Asia's tallest church, the [[Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica]] is situated in the middle of Thrissur city]]

=== Festivals ===
[[File:Kerala Sahitya Akademy.JPG|thumb|[[Kerala Sahitya Academy]] building in Thrissur]]

Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries. [[Thrissur Pooram]], the largest [[pooram]] in Kerala, is sometimes referred to as 'the pooram of all poorams'. It is celebrated every year in the month of [[Medam]] (mid-April to mid-may) as per the [[Malayalam calendar]]. For thirty-six hours, the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Lakhs witness Thrissur Pooram
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/25/stories/2010042553400400.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428221022/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/25/stories/2010042553400400.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=28 April 2010
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2010-04-25
|access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/06/stories/2006050612260400.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013113804/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/06/stories/2006050612260400.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=13 October 2011
|title=Probe into Thrissur Pooram fireworks blast begins
|access-date=2 February 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=6 May 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/04/24/hundredsof-thousands-converge-as-thrissur-poorambegins.html
|title=Hundreds of thousands converge as 'Thrissur Pooram' begins in Kerala
|work=OneIndia
|date=24 April 2010
|access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sify.com/news/caparisoned-elephants-steal-the-show-at-thrissur-pooram-news-national-keyukeecgde.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122082035/http://www.sify.com/news/caparisoned-elephants-steal-the-show-at-thrissur-pooram-news-national-keyukeecgde.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=22 November 2011
|title=Caparisoned elephants steal the show at Thrissur Pooram
|website=Sify News
|access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref>

[[Puli Kali]], also known as ''Kavakali'', is another festival, which attracts thousands of people to the city. It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of [[Onam]], an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article208655.ece
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629233539/http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article208655.ece
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=29 June 2013
|title=Thousands feast on colourful Pulikali
|work=The New Indian Express
|date=27 August 2010
|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/08/27/tigerdance-performed-inkerala.html
|title='Tiger Dance' performed in Kerala
|work=OneIndia
|date=27 August 2010
|access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref> [[Buon Natale]] is the cultural festival conducting at [[Swaraj Round]] with [[Christmas]] celebration. [[Buon Natale]] procession entered the [[Guinness World Records]] in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up as [[Santa Claus]]. Other important festivals celebrated in the city include [[Christmas]], [[Onam]], [[Diwali]], [[Easter]], [[Eid ul-Fitr|Eid]] and [[Vishu]].

Elephants play a major part in many of the city's festivals.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200811071875.htm
|title=Yeddyurappa's elephant gift sparks row
|work=The Hindu
|access-date=2 February 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|date=7 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_thrissur-elephants-get-a-jumbo-relief_1252194
|title=Thrissur elephants get a jumbo relief
|publisher= DNA
|access-date=2 February 2011}}</ref> ''Aanayoottu'' (feeding of elephants), held in [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] in the City annually, is the world's largest elephant feeding ceremony. The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/elephants-in-kerala-tuck-into-a-jumbo-feast/68974-3.html
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125235631/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/elephants-in-kerala-tuck-into-a-jumbo-feast/68974-3.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=25 January 2013
|title=Elephants in Kerala tuck into a jumbo feast
|publisher=CNN
|access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sify.com/news/elephants-run-amok-at-thrissur-and-guruvayur-news-national-khsi4Tedech.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721033037/http://sify.com/news/elephants-run-amok-at-thrissur-and-guruvayur-news-national-khsi4Tedech.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=21 July 2010
|title=Elephants run amok at Thrissur and Guruvayur
|website=[[Sify]]
|access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/29/stories/2005082910820400.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063723/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/29/stories/2005082910820400.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=29 June 2011
|title=When jumbos line up to solemnise a wedding
|access-date=17 March 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=29 August 2005}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set up [[Kerala Lalithakala Akademi|Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi]], [[Kerala Sahitya Academy]], [[Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy]] and [[College of Fine Arts, Thrissur]] for promoting literature, music and arts in Kerala. After the [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]], Thrissur became the ''literary capital of Kerala'' as turned to the playground of novelist, poets and orators. In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister Professor [[Joseph Mundassery]], it become the abode of writer's like [[O. V. Vijayan]], [[Kovilan]], [[V. K. N.]], [[Uroob]], [[Edasseri Govindan Nair]], [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]], [[K. G. Sankara Pillai]] and [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]]. The area was later known as ''Current Moola'' ("Current Corner").<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Thrissur-mourns-its-electric-corner/articleshow/10089257.cms | title=Thrissur mourns its 'electric' corner | first=T | last=Ramavarman | date=23 September 2011 | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref> The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/demolition-of-dilapidated-buildings-begins-in-thrissur/article2472410.ece| title = Demolition of dilapidated buildings begins in Thrissur - KERALA - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 21 September 2011}}</ref>

Thrissur is home to prominent [[Malayalam literature|Malayalam]] literary figures like [[Kovilan]], [[Kunhunni Mash]], [[Sukumar Azhikode]], [[K. Satchidanandan]], [[Mullanezhi]], [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]], [[Attoor Ravi Varma]], [[Lalitha Lenin]], [[P. Bhaskaran]], [[Joseph Mundassery]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-23/kochi/30193550_1_book-stall-writers-malayalam
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103110935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-23/kochi/30193550_1_book-stall-writers-malayalam
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=3 January 2013
|title=Thrissur mourns its 'electric' corner
|access-date=10 December 2011
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|date=23 September 2011}}</ref>

=== Religious buildings ===
[[File:Vadakkumnatha Kshethram - Thekke Nada.jpg|thumb|One of the four [[Vadakumnathan Temple]] Gates, inside the [[Swaraj Maidan]]]]
[[File:Cheraman Masjid 2.jpg|thumb|[[Cheraman Juma Mosque]], said to be the oldest mosque in India ]]
{{for|more|Places of worship in Thrissur}}
The [[Vadakkunnathan temple]], believed to have been founded by the legendary saint [[Parasurama]], is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the [[Mahabharata]].
[[Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple]], one of the largest [[Krishna|Sree Krishna]] temples in Kerala and [[Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple]] which is one of the largest [[Bagavathi]] temples in Kerala is also situated in the city. Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village, that around 9&nbsp;km from city center. [[Guruvayur Temple|Sree Guruvayurappan Temple]] is located in [[Guruvayur]] (28&nbsp;km from Thrissur); it is also referred to as [[Vaikuntha|Bhuloka Vaikunta]] which means "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth".

Asia's tallest church, the [[Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica]] (Puthan Pally), [[Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral]] which has an underground shrine, [[Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur]] which has been called as ''Chinna Roma'' (Small Rome) are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings. [[Euphrasia Eluvathingal|Saint Euphrasia's]] tomb and museum also situated in the city. [[St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur]] (28&nbsp;km from Thrissur) is the first church in India, and [[Thomas the Apostle]] performed the first baptism in India here.

The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur. [[Cheraman Juma Mosque]] in [[Kodungallur]], (40&nbsp;km from Thrissur) is the first mosque in India.

=== Cuisine ===
The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Rice is the staple food. ''Achappam'', ''Kuzhalappam'', ''Vatteppam'', ''Unniyappam'' and ''Pazham Pori'' are common snacks. ''Vellayappam'', a kind of [[Hopper (food)|rice hopper]] is another dish which is special to the city, they have a food street named ''vellayappam angadi''.

== Education ==
[[File:Gec thrissur.jpg|thumbnail|Government Engineering College, Thrissur]]{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Thrissur district}}
Thrissur, which has been a centre of learning from ancient times, is developing as a modern education hub.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/12/stories/2004021204160300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311103646/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/12/stories/2004021204160300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=11 March 2004
|title=Call to develop Thrissur as 'education destination'
|access-date=28 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=12 February 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/11/stories/2010111158310300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013163621/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/11/stories/2010111158310300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=13 October 2011
|title=Thrissur set to become major education hub
|access-date=28 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=11 November 2010}}</ref> Schools in city are either run publicly by the Kerala Government or privately, some with financial aid from the Government. Education is generally conducted in English or [[Malayalam]], with the former being the majority. Most schools are affiliated with the [[Kerala State Education Board]] or [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] (ICSE) or the [[Central Board for Secondary Education]] (CBSE) or the [[National Institute of Open Schooling]] (NIOS) or the Montessori system.<ref name="Home">{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.thrissureducation.com/|access-date=29 January 2011|publisher=Thrissur Educational District}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ddethrissur.org/
|title=Home
|publisher=DDE, Thrissur
|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> There are 93 lower primary schools; 34 upper primary schools;<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ddethrissur.org/institutions.php
|title=Institutions
|publisher=DDE Thrissur
|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/schoollist/up/tsr.pdf
 |title        = List of UP schools in Thrissur District
 |publisher    = Kerala Government
 |access-date   = 29 January 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20091222045835/http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/schoollist/up/tsr.pdf
 |archive-date = 22 December 2009
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref> and 78 high schools;<ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/schoollist/hs/tsr.pdf
 |title      = List of High schools in Thrissur District
 |publisher  = Kerala Government
 |access-date = 29 January 2011
}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and 157<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://hscap.kerala.gov.in/CMS/school.php?cmbdist=8
 |title        = List of Schools
 |publisher    = Kerala Government
 |access-date   = 29 January 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721160017/http://hscap.kerala.gov.in/CMS/school.php?cmbdist=8
 |archive-date = 21 July 2011
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref> higher secondary schools in the city. [[Church Mission Society Higher Secondary School, Thrissur|Church Mission Society School]] started in 1845 is the oldest school and [[St. Thomas College, Thrissur|St. Thomas College]] is the first college in Thrissur. On 2nd September 2022, Thrissur joined the [[UNESCO]] Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC).<ref name="UNESCO-GNLC-date">{{cite web|title=UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities: 77 new members from 44 countries|url=https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-global-network-learning-cities-77-new-members-44-countries|access-date=29 November 2024|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==
[[File:ജൂബിലി മിഷൻ മെഡിക്കൽ കോളേജ്, തൃശ്ശൂർ..JPG|thumb|right|[[Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute]], a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]] run medical college.]]
{{Main|Hospitals in Thrissur}}

The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala, with people from [[Thrissur District]], [[Palakkad District]], [[Malappuram District]] and the northern part of [[Ernakulam District]] coming to Thrissur for medical care. There are three medical colleges in the city: [[Government Medical College, Thrissur]], [[Amala Institute of Medical Sciences]], and [[Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute]]. The [[Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala|Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda Medical College]] also situated in city.

== Sports ==
[[File:V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium3.JPG|thumb|left|250px|[[V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium]] in Thrissur city]]
{{Main|Football in Thrissur}}
Football is the most popular sport in the city, and there are two football stadiums in the city, [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]] and Thope Stadium.The largest and highest temporary stadium in the world as per [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of World Records]] was built in the Thrissur Corporation Ground in 1990 for the occasion of [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] football tournament, which was designed by Er. TJ Antony. International ballers and former Indian captains [[C. V. Pappachan]], [[I. M. Vijayan]] and [[Jo Paul Ancheri]], and the Under 17 World Cup player [[Rahul K. P.|K. P. Rahul]] belongs to Thrissur. The [[N.I. David Memorial Trophy]], an annual inter-club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year. The football championship was started in 1996 by the Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122652431400.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119171603/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122652431400.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=19 January 2011
|title=Inter-club football
|access-date=12 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=26 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.keralapolicehistory.com/gllry3.html
 |title       = Football
 |publisher   = Kerala Police
 |access-date  = 12 January 2011
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110520004609/http://www.keralapolicehistory.com/gllry3.html
 |archive-date = 20 May 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/27/stories/2010122757671600.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101000217/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/27/stories/2010122757671600.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=1 January 2011
|title=Sudheesh fires in three
|access-date=12 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=27 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://hindu.com/2010/12/31/stories/2010123157181800.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104205807/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/31/stories/2010123157181800.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=4 January 2011
|title=Golden Threads posts win
|access-date=12 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=31 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/04/stories/2011010453562000.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108210155/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/04/stories/2011010453562000.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=8 January 2011
|title=Aneesh shines
|access-date=12 January 2011
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=4 January 2011}}</ref> The city has a floodlit stadium, known as [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]].<ref name="Sports">{{cite web
 |url         = http://210.212.239.30/tsr/thrissur.htm
 |title       = Sports
 |publisher   = Thrissur Municipal Corporation
 |access-date  = 22 September 2010
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712204309/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/thrissur.htm
 |archive-date = 12 July 2012
}}</ref> It also has two indoor stadiums, [[V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium]] and a [[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] maintained [[Thrissur Aquatic Complex]] with international facilities. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to [[India]].<ref name="Sports" /> Chess prodigy [[Nihal Sarin]] is from Thrissur.

== Media ==
The first [[Malayalam]] newspaper which published from Thrissur was ''Lokamanyan'' in 1920. Then came ''[[Deenabandhu]]'' edited by [[V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan]]. ''Ezhuthachan'' started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as the [[Quit India]] movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned.<ref name="Vidyanidhi.org">{{cite web
 |url          = http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/1692/3/UOM-1992-772-2.PDF
 |title        = Media and political scenarios in Kerala
 |publisher    = Vidyanidhi.org
 |access-date   = 14 July 2010
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721182353/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/1692/3/UOM-1992-772-2.PDF
 |archive-date = 21 July 2011
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref> Later ''Lokamanyan'' (1920); ''Kerala Chintamani'' (1905); ''Kerala Kesari'' (1924); ''Mahatma'' (1930); ''Gomathy'' (1930) and ''Navajeevan'' of [[Joseph Mundassery]] was also published from Thrissur.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/13234/8/08_chapter%201.pdf
|title=The Evolution of Press in Kerala
|publisher=Shodhganga
|access-date= 4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/historyofpress.htm
 |title        = History of Press in Kerala
 |publisher    = PRD
 |access-date   = 4 August 2014
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140807035905/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/historyofpress.htm
 |archive-date = 7 August 2014
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article472437.ece?service=print
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814173625/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article472437.ece?service=print
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=14 August 2014
|title= Read history as the old newspapers reported
|work=The Times of India
|access-date= 4 August 2014}}</ref> ''The Express'' started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views.<ref name="Vidyanidhi.org" /> Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'', ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', ''[[Madhyamam]]'', ''[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]'', ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'',  ''[[Deshabhimani]]'', ''[[Mangalam Publications|Mangalam]]'', ''Veekshanam'', ''Metro Vaartha'' and ''[[Janayugom]]''. A number of evening papers, like ''[[General (Newspaper)|General]]'' in Malayalam and ''[[City Journal (Thrissur)|City Journal]]'' in English, are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like [[Hindi]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] are also available in city.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by [[Jose Kattookkaran]] in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established in city again by [[Jose Kattookkaran]] and was called the ''Jose Electrical Bioscope'' now known as [[Jose Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.malayalacinema.com/Content-4/CINEMA+HISTORY.html
|title=Cinema
|publisher=Malayala Cinema.com
|access-date=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://cityjournal.in/hundred-years-of-filial-indifference/
 |title        = Hundred years of filial indifferenc
 |work         = City Journal
 |access-date   = 1 October 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213608/http://cityjournal.in/hundred-years-of-filial-indifference/
 |archive-date = 4 October 2013
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-true-adventurer/article5179374.ece
|title=A true adventurer
|work=The Hindu|date=29 September 2013
|last1=Chelangad
|first1=Saju
}}</ref>

A film festival, known as [[ViBGYOR Film Festival]], is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telecom services are provided by various players like [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Vodafone Idea]], [[Jio]], and the state owned [[BSNL]]. BSNL is also offering 4G services in Thrissur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://trak.in/tags/business/2019/01/02/bsnls-4g-penetrates-deep-into-kerala-get-2-gb-free-for-4g-sim-upgrade/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=trak.in |title=BSNL's 4G Penetrates Deep into Kerala; Get 2 GB Free for 4G SIM Upgrade |date=2 January 2019 }}</ref> The city also has Broadband wireless services on [[WiMAX]] platform.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/localContentView.do?tabId=16&contentId=7976335&district=Thrissur&programId=1079897624&BV_ID=@@@
|title=WiMax in Thrissur
|publisher=Manoramaonline
|access-date=3 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://www.kerala.bsnl.co.in/Wimax/WIHom.asp
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927223905/http://kerala.bsnl.co.in/Wimax/WIHom.asp
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = 27 September 2010
 |title      = BSNL launches WiMAX Services
 |publisher  = BSNL
 |access-date = 3 June 2010
}}</ref>

Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are [[Club FM 104.8|Club FM 104.8&nbsp;]]MHz, [[Radio Mango 91.9]] &nbsp;MHz,<ref name="Radio Mango Thrissur">{{cite web|title=Radio Mango Thrissur|url=http://www.radiomango.in/cgi-bin/fm.dll/FM/home.do?tabId=1&BV_ID=@@@|access-date=7 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312114947/http://www.radiomango.in/cgi-bin/fm.dll/FM/home.do?tabId=1&BV_ID=@@@|archive-date=12 March 2011}}</ref> [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] 91.1&nbsp;MHz.<ref name="RED FM Thrissur">{{cite web|title=Red FM Thrissur|url=http://www.sunnetwork.org/redfm/thrissur/index.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927154641/http://www.sunnetwork.org/redfm/thrissur/index.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 September 2009|publisher=Kal Radio Limited |access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref> [[All India Radio]] has an AM (630&nbsp;kHz) and an FM (101.1&nbsp;MHz) station for the city.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india/kerala-radio.htm#thrissur-radio
|title=Thrissur radio stations
|work=Asiawaves
|access-date= 3 September 2014}}</ref> The transmitter of the [[All India Radio]] (630&nbsp;kHz) was commissioned on 4 November 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.<ref>Address of AIR Station, Thrissur [http://www.allindiaradio.org/address/trissur.htm]
(Retrieved 8 January 2009)</ref><ref>In euphonious harmony, ''[[The Hindu]]'' dated 3 February 2006</ref> Thrissur has a [[Doordarshan]] studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddindia.gov.in/About+DD/Doordarshan+Studios |title=List of Doordarshan Studios |publisher=Ddindia.gov.in |access-date=20 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120031304/http://www.ddindia.gov.in/About+DD/Doordarshan+Studios |archive-date=20 January 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://prasarbharati.gov.in/AIR/Air+Stations
|title=AIR Offices
|publisher=Prasar Bharati
|access-date=3 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://prasarbharati.gov.in/DD/DD+Kendras
|title=Doordarshan Kendra's
|publisher=Prasar Bharati
|access-date=3 June 2010}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{Multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = ShakthanThampuranBusStandTCR.JPG
| caption1          = [[Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur]], is the largest private bus station in Kerala State.
| image2            = Thrissur railway station 1.JPG
| caption2          = [[Thrissur railway station]]
| image3            = Thrissur City Road map- Schematic.png
| caption3          = Schematic Road network map of Thrissur City
}}

{{Main|Transport in Thrissur}}

=== Road ===
The city is connected to the [[North–South and East–West Corridor|North-South Corridor]] [[National Highway (India)]] via the four-lane [[National Highway 47 (India)|National Highway]] 544, previously NH 47.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 September 2008|title=NHAI report on four-lane work ready|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/07/stories/2008090753370500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=23 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915225345/http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/07/stories/2008090753370500.htm|archive-date=15 September 2008}}</ref> The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of [[Kochi]], [[Palakkad]] and [[Coimbatore]]. [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH]] 544 provides two main exit points at [[Mannuthy]] and [[Thalore]] which is bypass to the Thrissur city.

The city is largely dependent on private buses, taxis and [[Auto rickshaw|auto rickshaws]] for public transport.

State-owned [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services. Thrissur has three bus stations, the [[Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur]] in [[Sakthan Thampuran Nagar]], Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and the [[Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station]] near the [[Thrissur railway station]]. [[State Highway 69 (Kerala)|State Highway (SH 69)]] Thrissur-[[Kuttippuram]] Road, [[State Highway 22 (Kerala)|SH 22]] [[Kodungallur]] – [[Shornur]] Road, [[State Highway 75 (Kerala)|SH 75]] Thrissur – Kanjani – [[Vadanappally]] Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.

=== Railway ===
The [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]] operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city. [[Thrissur railway station]], one of the four A+ railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy [[Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section]].
It has a satellite station, [[Punkunnam railway station]]<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2009|title=Guruvayur-Tirunavaya rail line soon: Ahamed|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/12/stories/2009081252800300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=23 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817125044/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/12/stories/2009081252800300.htm|archive-date=17 August 2009}}</ref> and two minor stations, [[Ollur railway station]] and [[Mulankunnathukavu railway station]]. Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town of [[Guruvayur]] by [[Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line]]. In addition, Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to [[Kochi]] and [[Palakkad]] using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services ([[MEMU]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Ekm-Thrissur Memu to chug off today|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-23/kochi/37959859_1_ernakulam-junction-memu-train-thrissur-railway|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713024908/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-23/kochi/37959859_1_ernakulam-junction-memu-train-thrissur-railway|archive-date=13 July 2013|access-date=12 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ernakulam-Thrissur MEMU from tomorrow|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/ernakulamthrissur-memu-from-tomorrow/article4540799.ece|access-date=12 July 2013|work=The Hindu|date=22 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MEMU services to roll out in Thrissur|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/memu-services-to-roll-out-in-thrissur/article3864626.ece|access-date=12 July 2013|work=The Hindu|date=5 September 2012 }}</ref>

== Picture gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150" widths="200">
File:Thrissur Museum and zoo - Dec2011- 0216.JPG|Entrance gate of [[Thrissur Zoo]]
File:Artmuseum.JPG|[[Archaeological Museum, Thrissur]]
File:St thomas college thrissur.jpg|[[St. Thomas College, Thrissur]]
File:K. Karunakaran Smaraka Town Hall 02.JPG|[[Thrissur Town Hall]]
File:Mural Art Museum, Thrissur.jpg|[[Mural Art Museum]]
File:Sakthan Thampuran palace.jpg|[[Shakthan Thampuran Palace]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Thrissur in popular culture]]
* [[List of Thrissur Corporation wards]]
* [[List of people from Thrissur]]
* [[List of twin towns and sister cities in India]]
* [[Largest Indian Cities by GDP]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* C A Krishnan (2009), ''Anchuvilakku'' (Malayalam : അഞ്ചുവിളക്ക്). Green Books, Thrissur. {{ISBN|978-81-8423-128-1}}
* T. R. Venugopalan (2012), ''Sampathum Adhikaravum: Thrissuril Ninnulla Oru Kazcha'', Cosmos Books, Thrissur. {{ISBN|978-81-226-0935-6}}
* Robert Bradnock, Roma Bradnock (2000), ''South India Handbook: The Travel Guide''. {{ISBN|978-1-900949-81-1}}
* Sarina Singh (2001), ''South India''. {{ISBN|978-1-86450-246-6}}
* Karen Schreitmüller (2009), ''India''. {{ISBN|978-3-8297-6622-7}}

== External links ==
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thrissur&params=10_31_39.4_N_76_12_51.8_E_type:city(1367742)_region:IN-KL GeoHack - Thrissur]
* [https://bhadragriham.in/ Flats and Apartments in Thrissur]

{{Sister project links|Thrissur|voy=Thrissur}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
* [http://thrissur.nic.in/ Government Portal for The Thrissur City]
* [http://www.tsr.kerala.gov.in/ Government Portal for the district of Thrissur]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151017014153/http://thrissurtimes.com/ All about district of Thrissur]
* [https://www.roamingstork.com/thrissur/ Thrissur Travel Guide 2025]

{{Thrissur topics}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale
|list  =
'''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|10|31|12|N|76|12|36|E|display=inline}}'''
}}
{{Tourist attractions in Thrissur}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Thrissur| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Indian cities articles by quality]]