Editing Theodoric

{{Infobox given name
| name          = Theodoric
| image         = Teodorico re dei Goti (493-526).png
| image_size    = 
| caption       = [[Theodoric the Great]]
| pronunciation = 
| gender        = Male
| meaning       = ''[[þeudo]]'' "people" and ''[[rīks]]'' "ruler" 
| region        =  
| language      = Germanic
| origin        = 
| alternative spelling = [[Theoderic]], [[Theudoric]], [[Theuderic]], [[Theuderich]], Þjóðríkr, Tjodrik, [[Dietrich (disambiguation)|Dietrich]], Ditrik, [[Dedrick (disambiguation)|Dedrick]], [[Diederik]]
| nickname      = 
| related names = 
| name day      = 
| derived       =  [[Dieter (disambiguation)|Dieter]], [[Derek]], [[Derrick (name)|Derrick]], [[Dirk (name)|Dirk]], [[Teodorico]], [[Thierry]], [[Terry]], [[Tietje]], Diede, [[Tudur]]
| popularity    = 
| footnotes     = 
| see also      = [[Theodore (given name)]]
}}

'''Theodoric''' is a [[Germanic given name]]. First attested as a [[Gothic name]] in the 5th century, it became widespread in the Germanic-speaking world, not least due to its most famous bearer, [[Theodoric the Great]], king of the [[Ostrogoths]].

==Overview==
The name was [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] as ''Theodoricus'' or ''Theodericus'', originally from a [[Proto-Germanic language|Common Germanic]] form ''*[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Þeudarīks|Þeudarīks]]'' ("people-ruler") from *''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þeudō|þeudō]]'' ("people") and *''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīks|rīks]]'', which would have resulted in a [[Gothic language|Gothic]] *𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*þiudareiks).<ref>The Proto-Germanic and Gothic forms are reconstructions. The ''-riks'' element was ultimately a borrowing from [[Continental Celtic|Celtic]], see [[Reich#Etymology]].</ref> Anglicized spellings of the name during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages include ''Theodoric'', ''Theoderic'', ''Theudoric'', ''Theuderic''.
[[Gregory of Tours]] Latinized the name as ''[[Theodore (given name)|Theodorus]]'', in origin the unrelated Greek name [[Theodore (given name)|Theodore]] (Θεόδωρος, meaning "God's gift").

As the name survived throughout the Middle Ages, it transformed into a multitude of forms in the languages of Western Europe.
These include the [[German language|High German]] form ''[[Dietrich (disambiguation)|Dietrich]]'', abbreviated ''[[Dieter (disambiguation)|Dieter]]'', the Low German and Dutch form ''[[Diederik]]'', or ''Dierik'', abbreviated ''[[Dirck]]'', ''[[Dirk (name)|Dirk]]'', ''[[Dik (disambiguation)|Dik]]'' or ''Diede'', <!--the patronymic ''[[Tietjen]]s'' derived from the personal form ''Tietje'',{{cn|date=February 2016}}--> the [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ''Tjodrik'', ''Diderik'' and ''Didrik''. Of the Romance languages, French has ''[[Thierry (disambiguation)|Thierry]]'' and [[Italian (language)|Italian]], [[Portuguese (language)|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] has ''Teodorico''.

The English forms ''[[Derek]]'', ''[[Derrick (name)|Derrick]]'' and ''[[Terry]]'' have been re-introduced from the continent, from Low German, Dutch and French sources. The derived Welsh form is ''[[Tewdrig]]''; however, there also exists the related Welsh name ''[[Tudur]]'' (from [[Proto-Celtic]] ''*Toutorīxs'', exactly cognate with Proto-Germanic ''*Þeudarīks'') which is the origin of the name of the English [[Tudor dynasty]].

==Late antiquity to early Middle Ages==
{{anchor|Apollo Teutorix}}
The earliest record of the name is in a Roman-era (3rd century) inscription, discovered in 1784 in [[Wiesbaden]] (at the time known as ''Aquae Mattiacorum'' in [[Germania Superior]]), edited in ''Codex inscriptionum romanarum Danubii et Rheni'' as no. 684: {{lang|la|IN. H. D. D. APOLLINI. TOVTIORIGI}}, interpreted as ''In honorem domus divinae, Apolloni toutiorigi''.
This has given rise to a supposed "Apollo Teutorix" in 19th-century literature.
[[John Rhŷs]] (1892) opined that "the interest attached to the word ''Toutiorix'' is out of all proportion to its single occurrence".<ref>
[[John Rhŷs]], ''Lectures on the origin and growth of religion as illustrated by Celtic heathendom'' (1892), p. 30.
[https://archive.org/details/lecturesonorigin00rhys]</ref>
The existence of a genuinely [[Celtic name]] ''Teutorix'' or ''Tout(i)orix'' is uncertain, though Welsh ''[[Tudur]]'', Old Welsh ''Tutir'' presupposes a precise cognate of ''Toutorix'' at least in [[Common Brittonic|ancient British Celtic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zimmer|first1=Stefan|title=Some Names and Epithets in "Culhwch ac Olwen"|journal=Studi Celtici|date=2006|volume=3|pages=163–179|url=https://www.academia.edu/4135527|access-date=13 January 2016}} (See p. 11, n. 34 in the online version.)</ref>
Rhŷs surmises that the "historical Teuton" (viz. [[Theoderic the Great]]) bore a name of the [[Gaulish Apollo]] as adopted into early [[Germanic paganism|Germanic religion]].

The first known bearer of the name was [[Theodoric I]], son of [[Alaric I]], king of the [[Visigoths]] (d. 451). The [[Gothic language|Gothic]] form of the name would have been ''Þiudareiks'', which was Latinized as ''Theodericus''. The notability of the name is due to [[Theoderic the Great]], son of [[Theodemir (Ostrogothic king)|Theodemir]], king of the [[Ostrogoths]] (454&ndash;526), who became a legendary figure of the [[Germanic Heroic Age]] as [[Dietrich von Bern]].

After the end of [[late antiquity]], during the 6th to 8th centuries there were also several kings of the [[Franks]] called Theodoric (or Theuderic).
Finally, there was an early [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] king of [[Bernicia]] called [[Theodric of Bernicia|Theodric]] (also spelled ''Deoric'', Old English ''{{lang|ang|Þēodrīc}}'').

*[[Theodoric I]] (died 451), king of the Visigoths
*[[Theodoric II]] (died 466), king of the Visigoths
*[[Theoderic the Great]] (454–526), ruler of the Ostrogoths, Italy, and the Visigoths
*[[Theodoric Strabo]] (died 481)
*[[Theuderic I]] (died {{c.}} 534), Frankish king
*[[Theuderic II]] (587–613), Frankish king
*[[Theuderic III]] (died 691), king of the Franks
*[[Theuderic IV]] (died 737), king of the Franks
*[[Theodric of Bernicia]], 6th-century Anglo-Saxon king
*[[Theodoric of Mont d'Hor]] died 533), disciple of Saint Remigius who became abbot of [[Saint-Thierry Abbey]] near Reims, France
*[[Tewdrig|Saint Tewdrig]] (alternatively Tewdric or Theodoric) (c. 580 – c. 630), Welsh king of Gwent and Glywysing, who was martyred fighting the Saxons
*[[Martyrs of Ebsdorf|Theodoric, Bishop of Minden]] (died 880)
*[[Theodoric I of Paderborn|Theodoric I, Bishop of Paderborn]] (died 916)
*[[Dirk I, Count of Holland]] (c. 870 – 928/944), in Latin Theodoric
*[[Dirk II, Count of Holland]] (920/930–988)

==High and late Middle Ages==
While the Anglo-Saxon name ''Theodric'' (''Deoric'', old form: th = d) became extinct in the Middle English period, it was adopted in Welsh as ''[[Tewdrig]]''.
The name remains popular in medieval German as ''Dietrich'', and is adopted into French as ''Thierry''. It is rendered in [[Medieval Latin]] as ''Theodoricus'' or as ''Theodericus''.
The [[Middle High German]] legend of ''[[Dietrich von Bern]]'' is based on the historical Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths. The German ''Dietrich von Bern'' is reflected as ''Þiðrekr af Bern'' in the Old Norse ''[[Þiðreks saga]]''. The medieval German legend gives rise to the ''Dietrich'' of the [[German Renaissance|Renaissance era]] ''[[Heldenbücher]]''.
The Old Norse form of the name was Þjóðríkr (spelled þiaurikʀ on the 9th-century [[Rök runestone]]). This became ''Tjodrik'' in [[Middle Norwegian]].

The Dutch form ''[[Derek]]'' was used in England from the 15th century. Similarly, the Scandinavian ''Tjodrik'' is attested for the 12th century, but it is replaced by the Low German forms ''Ditrik, Dirk'' in the late medieval period. The spread of the Low German form to Middle Norwegian, [[Middle Danish]] and late [[Middle English]] or [[Early Modern English]] are part of a larger linguistic trend due to the influence of the [[Hanseatic League]] during this period.

*[[Antipope Theodoric]] (died 1102)
*[[Thierry of Chartres]] (died before 1155), philosopher also known as Theodoric the Breton
*[[Theodoric the Monk]], 12th-century Norwegian Benedictine monk
*Theoderic ({{fl.}} c. 1172), author of the ''[[Libellus de locis sanctis]]'', a travelogue and pilgrim's guide book of Palestine
*[[Theoderich von Treyden]] (died 1219), missionary and first bishop of Livonia
*[[Master Theodoric]] (before 1328? – 1381), court painter to Charles&nbsp;IV
*[[Theodoric of Freiberg]] (c.  1250 – c.  1311), German theologian and scientist
*[[Dirk III, Count of Holland]] (c. 982 – 1039), in Latin Theodoric
*[[Dirk IV, Count of Holland]] (c. 1020/1030 – 1049)
*[[Dirk V, Count of Holland]] (1052–1091)
*[[Dirk VI, Count of Holland]] (c. 1114–1157)
*[[Dirk VII, Count of Holland]] (died 1203)

==Modern era==
The German form ''[[Dietrich (disambiguation)|Dietrich]]'' was abbreviated to ''[[Dieter (disambiguation)|Dieter]]''. The Low German and Dutch languages abbreviated ''[[Diederik]]'' as ''[[Dirk]]'' or ''[[Diede]]''. 
French retains ''[[Thierry]]''.
The Scandinavian languages have borrowed ''Dirk'' and [[Diderik]], replacing the native ''Tjodrik'', while English borrowed ''[[Derek]]'' from Dutch and ''[[Terry]]'' from French.

==Fictional==
*Prince Theodoric, an exiled Balkan royal in London in the sequence of novels ''[[A Dance to the Music of Time]]'' by [[Anthony Powell]]—a character based to some extent on [[Prince Paul of Yugoslavia]]

==See also==
*[[Theodore (given name)]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{given name}}

[[Category:Germanic given names]]