Editing The Ridgeway

{{short description|Ancient trackway described as Britain's oldest road}}
{{about|the ancient British road and National Trail||Ridgeway (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox hiking trail
| name = The Ridgeway
| photo = Ridgeway mongwell.jpg
| caption = The Ridgeway National Trail on [[Grim's Ditch]] near Mongewell
| map = File:Ridgeway map.png
| map_name = 
| map_caption =Map of the Ridgeway National Trail in the south of England
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| location = southern England, United Kingdom
| designation = [[National Trails|UK National Trail]]
| length = 87 miles (139km)
| trailheads = [[Overton Hill]], near [[Avebury]], Wiltshire and [[Ivinghoe Beacon]], Buckinghamshire
| use = Hiking
| elev_change ={{convert|3881| feet}}<ref name=walkand /> 
| highest =
| lowest =
| difficulty =
| season = All year
| sights =
| hazards =
}}
{{National Trails}}
[[Image:Ivinghoe Beacon seen from The Ridgeway.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ivinghoe Beacon]] (the eastern trailhead) seen looking north from The Ridgeway]]
[[File:The Ridgeway approaching Sparsholt Down from the west.jpg|thumb|The Ridgeway winds over the [[Berkshire Downs]]]]
[[File:Path down from the Ridgeway to Bishopstone, Wiltshire.jpg|thumb|Path down from the Ridgeway to [[Bishopstone, Swindon|Bishopstone]], Wiltshire]]

'''The Ridgeway''' is a [[Ridgeway (track)|ridgeway]] or [[ancient trackway]] described as Britain's oldest road.<ref name=seven /> The section clearly identified as an ancient trackway extends from [[Wiltshire]] along the [[chalk]] ridge of the [[Berkshire Downs]] to the [[River Thames]] at the [[Goring Gap]], part of the [[Icknield Way]] which ran, not always on the ridge, from [[Salisbury Plain]] to [[East Anglia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Darvill |first=Timothy |title=Oxford Archaeological Guides: England |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordarchaeolog00timo |url-access=registration |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordarchaeolog00timo/page/297 297–298] |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-284101-7}}</ref> The route was adapted and extended as a [[National Trails|National Trail]], created in 1972. The '''Ridgeway National Trail''' follows the ancient Ridgeway from [[Overton Hill]], near [[Avebury]], to [[Streatley, Berkshire|Streatley]], then follows footpaths and parts of the ancient Icknield Way through the [[Chiltern Hills]] to [[Ivinghoe Beacon]] in Buckinghamshire. The National Trail is {{convert|87|mi}} long.

==History==
[[File:The Ridgeway approaching Whitehorse Hill from the west.jpg|thumb| The Ridgeway approaching Whitehorse Hill from the west ([[Uffington Castle]] hillfort in distance on left)]]

For at least 5,000 years travellers have used the Ridgeway.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of the Ridgeway, an ancient pathway |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/The-Ridgeway/ |website=historic-uk.com |access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> The Ridgeway provided a reliable trading route to the [[Dorset]] coast and to [[the Wash]] in [[Norfolk]]. The high dry ground made travel easy and provided a measure of protection by giving traders a commanding view, warning against potential attacks. The [[Bronze Age]] saw the development of the [[Uffington White Horse]] and the stone circle at [[Avebury]]. During the [[Iron Age]], inhabitants took advantage of the high ground by building [[hillfort]]s along the Ridgeway to help defend the trading route. Following the collapse of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] authority in [[Western Europe]], invading [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] and [[Viking]] armies used it. In [[medieval]] times and later, the Ridgeway found use by [[droving|drovers]], moving their livestock from the [[West Country]] and [[Wales]] to markets in the [[Home Counties]] and London. Before the [[inclosure act]]s{{which|date=January 2025}} of 1750, the Ridgeway existed as an informal series of tracks across the chalk downs, chosen by travellers based on path conditions. Once [[enclosure]]s started, the current path developed through the building of earth banks and the planting of hedges.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==National Trail==
The idea for a long-distance path along the line of the Wessex Downs and Chilterns goes back to the [[Arthur Hobhouse|Hobhouse Committee]] of 1947. The present route was designated by the Government in 1972, and opened as a [[National Trail]] in 1973.<ref>{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Neil|title=The Ridgeway National Trail Guide|year=1994|isbn=1-85410-268-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/ridgeway0000curt/page/18 18]|publisher=Aurum Press |url=https://archive.org/details/ridgeway0000curt/page/18}}</ref>

One of fifteen long-distance National Trails in England and Wales, the Ridgeway travels for {{convert|87|mi}} northeast from Overton Hill within the [[Avebury|Avebury World Heritage Site]] to Ivinghoe Beacon near [[Tring]]. At [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]] it meets the [[Wessex Ridgeway]], a footpath opened in 1994 which follows the southwest section of the ancient track into Dorset, as far as [[Lyme Regis]]. At Ivinghoe Beacon the Ridgeway meets the [[Icknield Way Path]] which continues northeast towards Suffolk. The Ridgeway meets the more recent (1997) [[Thames Path]] National Trail at the [[Goring Gap]], where the trails use opposite banks of the River Thames between [[Goring-on-Thames]] and [[Mongewell]]; the Thames Path follows the western bank and the Ridgeway the eastern.

The total height climbed along the path is {{convert|3881| feet}}.<ref name="walkand">{{cite web|title=Ridgeway (Oxfordshire)|url=https://www.walkandcycle.co.uk/trail?trailcode=OXFOTR0037|website=Walk & Cycle|access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> The official guide to the trail divides The Ridgeway into six sections.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Anthony |title=The Ridgeway |publisher=Aurum Press |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=9781781310632}}</ref> It is possible to join or leave the trail at other locations with public transport links, including [[Avebury (village)|Avebury]], [[Swindon]], [[Wantage]], [[Wallingford, Oxfordshire|Wallingford]], [[Princes Risborough]] and [[Tring]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sections of The Ridgeway
!Section
!Start point
!Finish point
!Distance
!Ascent
!Descent
|-
|1
|Overton Hill
|Ogbourne St George
|{{convert|14.5|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|191|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|264|m|order=flip}}
|-
|2
|Ogbourne St George
|Sparsholt Firs
|{{convert|25|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|421|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|352|m|order=flip}}
|-
|3
|Sparsholt Firs
|Streatley
|{{convert|28|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|242|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|415|m|order=flip}}
|-
|4
|Streatley
|Watlington
|{{convert|24|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|400|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|328|m|order=flip}}
|-
|5
|Watlington
|Wendover
|{{convert|27|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|550|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|555|m|order=flip}}
|-
|6
|Wendover
|Ivinghoe Beacon
|{{convert|18.6|km|order=flip}}
|{{convert|408|m|order=flip}}
|{{convert|315|m|order=flip}}
|}
The Ridgeway is one of four [[long-distance footpath]]s that combine to run from [[Lyme Regis]] to [[Hunstanton]], collectively referred to as the [[Greater Ridgeway]] or Greater Icknield Way.

The Ridgeway passes near many Neolithic, [[Iron Age]] and [[Bronze Age]] sites including [[Avebury Stone Circle]]; [[Barbury Castle]], [[Liddington Castle]], [[Uffington Castle]], [[Segsbury Castle]], Pulpit Hill and Ivinghoe Beacon Hill, all Iron Age and [[Bronze Age]] hill forts; [[Wayland's Smithy]], a Neolithic chieftain burial tomb; the [[Uffington White Horse]], an ancient {{convert|400|ft|adj=on}} chalk horse carved into the hillside near Uffington Castle; and [[Grim's Ditch]], a {{convert|5|mi|adj=on|sigfig=1}} section of earthwork near [[Mongewell]] created by Iron Age peoples as a possible demarcation line. Other points of interest include the [[Blowing Stone]] and Victory Drive, the private drive of [[Chequers]] (the British Prime Minister's country retreat).

The Ridgeway's surface varies from chalk-rutted farm paths and green lanes (which have a propensity for becoming extremely muddy and pot-holed after rain) to small sections of metalled roads. Designated as a [[bridleway]] (shared with horses and bicycles) for much of its length, the Ridgeway also includes parts designated as [[Byway (United Kingdom)|byway]], which permits the use of motorised vehicles. [[Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984|Local restrictions]] along many byway sections limit the use of motorised vehicles to the summer months. Under the [[Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000]], many public rights of way in England and Wales that authorities had not explicitly classified as bridleways or byways defaulted to the classification "restricted byway" which precludes the use of motor vehicles at all times, except authorised vehicles and where required for access. As a result, much of the Ridgeway remains prohibited to motor vehicle use by the general public year-round.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ridgeway given 22-mile motor ban |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/oxfordshire/5005478.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=22 May 2006 |access-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> However, the Ridgeway is the only means of access for many farms, especially in the more remote parts of the Downs.

[[File:Restricted byway sign on the Ridgeway near Compton, Berkshire, England.jpg |right|thumb|Sign alongside the Ridgeway indicating a restricted byway on Compton Downs]]
In 2024 the Ridgeway National Trail comprised {{convert|21|mi}} of public footpath, {{convert|14|mi}} of public bridleway, {{convert|20|mi}} of byway (much of which has seasonal restrictions on motor vehicles), {{convert|22|mi}} of restricted byway (all in Oxfordshire and Berkshire) and {{convert|10|mi}} of public road. The {{convert|43|mi}} of the Trail to the west of the River Thames has no sections of public footpath and is therefore open along its entire length to cyclists and those on horseback. The remaining {{convert|44|mi}} of National Trail to the east of the River Thames contains the {{convert|21|mi}} of public footpath in many noncontiguous parts, making it impractical for cyclists and those on horseback to follow this half of the Trail. The Ridgeway Partnership is currently in the process of creating a Ridgeway Riding Route.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling the Ridgeway | url= https://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/en_GB/trails/the-ridgeway/cycling/ |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> [[File:A family of cyclists riding on the Ridgeway through Hale Wood near Wendover in Buckinghamshire, England.jpg|thumb|Cyclists on the Ridgeway National Trail in the Chilterns]]

Despite the Ridgeway's artificial creation, the TV programme ''[[Seven Natural Wonders]]'' featured it in 2005 as one of the wonders of the South.<ref name=seven>{{cite web |title=Seven Natural Wonders |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/south/uffington_mm/index.shtml |url-status=dead |publisher=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212042828/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/england/sevenwonders/south/uffington_mm/index.shtml |archive-date=12 February 2012}}</ref>

== Places along the Ridgeway ==
Places that are near (or on) the Ridgeway National Trail include (from west to east):
[[Image:Ridgeway National Trail signpost.JPG|thumb|right|The distinctive black Ridgeway signposts are made from 'Plaswood', an environmentally friendly and maintenance-free plastic material made from [[recycled]] waste.]]
[[Image:Ridgeway national trail route marker on a public footpath.jpg|thumb|right|The acorn symbol is used on waymarkers along the Ridgeway National Trail, in common with the other National Trails in England and Wales.]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Avebury (village)|Avebury]]
* [[Overton Hill]]
* [[Barbury Castle]]
* [[Swindon]]
* [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]]
* [[Liddington Castle]]
* [[Wanborough, Wiltshire|Wanborough]]
* [[Charlbury Hill, Wiltshire|Charlbury Hill]]
* [[Wayland's Smithy]]
* [[Uffington Castle]]
* [[Lambourn]]
* [[Segsbury Camp]]
* [[Wantage]]
* [[West Lockinge]]
* [[East Lockinge]]
* [[West Ginge]]
* [[West Hendred]]
* [[East Hendred]]
* [[Harwell, Oxfordshire|Harwell]]
* [[Chilton, Oxfordshire|Chilton]]
* [[West Ilsley, Berkshire|West Ilsley]]
* [[East Ilsley, Berkshire|East Ilsley]]
* [[Compton, Berkshire|Compton]]
* [[Didcot]]
* [[Blewbury]]
* [[Streatley, Berkshire|Streatley]]
* [[Goring-on-Thames]]
* [[Wallingford, Oxfordshire|Wallingford]]
* [[Thame]]
* [[Chinnor]]
* [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
* [[Henley-on-Thames]]
* [[Princes Risborough]]
* [[Cadsden]]
* [[Aylesbury]]
* [[Wendover]]
* [[High Wycombe]]
* [[Tring]]
* [[Wigginton, Hertfordshire|Wigginton]]
* [[Cholesbury Camp]]
* [[Ivinghoe Beacon]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|first1=Richard|last1=Ingrams|date=1988|language=en |isbn=0-7148-2506-9|publisher=Phaidon Press Limited |title=The Ridgeway: Europe's Oldest Road}}
* {{cite book|first1=Patrick|last1=Crampton|date=1965|language=en |publisher=The Abbey Press, Abingdon-on-Thames |title=The Prehistoric Ridge Way: A Journey}}
* {{cite book|first1=Edward|last1=Thomas|date=1916|language=en |publisher=Constable & Company Ltd, London |title=The Icknield Way}}
* {{cite book |first1=Anthony |last1=Burton | date=2016 | language=en | isbn= 978-1781315736 | publisher=Aurum Press Ltd | title=The Ridgeway: National Trail Guide}}
* {{cite book | first1=Nick | last1=Hill | date=2021 | language=en | isbn= 978-1912716203 | publisher=Trailblazer Publications | title=The Ridgeway: Two-way guide}}
* {{cite book |first1=Steve | last1=Davison | date=2016 | language=en |isbn=978-1852848743 | publisher=Cicerone Press | title=Walking the Ridgeway National Trail: Avebury to Ivinghoe Beacon described in both directions}}
* {{cite book | first1=J.R.L. |last1=Anderson |first2=Fay |last2=Godwin| date=1975 | language=en | publisher=Garden City Press Ltd | title=The Oldest Road: An Exploration of the Ridgeway | isbn=0704501686}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/en_GB/trails/the-ridgeway/ Official website of the National Trail]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/moonraking/landscape_ridgeway.shtml BBC description of the Ridgeway]
* [http://www.hikeview.co.uk/TheRidgeway.html Map in 2-mile sections] at hikeview.co.uk
* [https://ridgewayfriends.org.uk/ The Friends of the Ridgeway]

{{Commons category|position=left}}

{{UK Trails}}
{{Transport in Buckinghamshire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord |51|33.8|N|1|21|W|type:landmark_region:GB_dim:137000|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ridgeway}}
[[Category:Ancient trackways in England]]
[[Category:Footpaths in Wiltshire]]
[[Category:Geography of Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Geography of Berkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Wiltshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:Long-distance footpaths in England]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Wiltshire]]
[[Category:Footpaths in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Footpaths in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:Footpaths in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Footpaths in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Chiltern Hills]]
[[Category:Droving roads]]