Editing The Hustler (novel)

{{Short description| American novel about gambling}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hustler'' (novel)}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title      = <!--(see above)-->
| name              = The Hustler
| image             = The Hustler (Tevis novel - cover art).jpg
| caption           = First edition
| author            = [[Walter Tevis]]
| publisher         = [[Harper Brothers|Harper & Brothers]]
| pub_date          = 1959
}}
'''''The Hustler''''' is a 1959 debut novel by American writer [[Walter Tevis]]. It tells the story of a young [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] [[Hustling|hustler]], Edward "Fast Eddie" Felson, who challenges the legendary [[Minnesota Fats (character)|Minnesota Fats]].<ref name="Tribune">{{Cite news |date=January 18, 1996 |title=Famed Pool Player, Minnesota Fats, Dies |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-01-18-9601190115-story.html |access-date=September 12, 2021 |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324002552/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-01-18-9601190115-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The novel was well-received by critics, and was adapted into a [[The Hustler|1961 film of the same title]], starring [[Paul Newman]] as Fast Eddie, [[Jackie Gleason]] as Minnesota Fats, and [[Piper Laurie]] as Sarah. A sequel, ''[[The Color of Money (novel)|The Color of Money]]'', was published in 1984.

==Synopsis==
Eddie "Fast Eddie" Felson is a young pool hustler from [[Oakland, California]], who travels the country with his middle-aged partner Charlie Fenniger, pretending to be a worse pool player than he actually is to win bets. He goes with Charlie to Chicago, where he plays the legendary pool player George Hegerman, known as Minnesota Fats, at Brannigan's pool hall. After beating Fats in a number of games, at one time being ahead of him by $18,000, he gets drunk and proceeds to lose to Fats, collapsing exhausted after 40 hours of playing. Eddie leaves Charlie without saying goodbye and returns to hustling.

Eddie meets a college student, Sarah, at a bus station. They commence an affair and begin to live together. Returning to Brannigan's he encounters Bert, a professional gambler, who tells Eddie that despite his talent he lost to Fats due to lack of character, as well as an ingrained eagerness to lose. Nevertheless he offers to back him in a game with a rich pool player in Kentucky named Findlay, taking 75 percent of any winnings while absorbing all losses and paying expenses. Eddie turns him down and resumes hustling. Disregarding Bert's advice, he hustles pool at a pool hall patronized by tough migrants from [[Appalachia]]. They break his thumbs.

After recuperating at Sarah's apartment, he accepts Bert's offer. Leaving Sarah behind in Chicago, they travel to Kentucky and Eddie plays Findlay at his home in [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]]. It turns out that Findlay plays [[Carom billiards|billiards]], not pool, which puts Eddie at a disadvantage. During the game he realizes that Findlay is a billiard hustler. Though chagrined that he is being "hustled," Eddie has an [[Epiphany (feeling)|epiphany]]. Watching Findlay falter, he realizes the validity of what Bert had been telling him about winning being everything, how people crave an excuse to lose, and how character is as important as skill. Despite continual pain in his thumbs, he wins against Findlay. He and Bert drive back to Chicago, where Eddie reunites with Sarah but does not move back in with her. He returns to Brannigan's where he sees Charlie, who says that he had been worried about him and flew out from Oakland to find him. He confesses that he had held out $5,000 in winnings and pays it to him. Eddie proceeds to play Minnesota Fats with his own money, and beats him.

Bert demands thirty percent of his winnings and says that he is his manager. Charlie backs him up. Eddie rejects paying Bert any money and shrugs off Bert's threat to have his thumbs and an arm broken, and ridicules Bert's intimation that he has criminal connections. As the novel ends, Eddie and Bert are at a stalemate.

== Critical reception ==
''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' critic Rex Lardner called the book "a tense, jolting trip to the tough, dusty, smoky, ball-clackety, money-filled world of the pool shark," and wrote that Tevis "writes like a streak, making straight pool as exciting as a [[Stanley Ketchel]]l fight. This is a fine, swift, wanton, offbeat novel."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lardner |first=Rex |date=January 11, 1959 |title=Conning the Marks; ''The Hustler''. By Walter Tevis |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/01/11/archives/conning-the-marks-the-hustler-by-walter-tevis-214-pp-new-york.html |access-date=August 27, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827171416/https://www.nytimes.com/1959/01/11/archives/conning-the-marks-the-hustler-by-walter-tevis-214-pp-new-york.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

An unsigned review in [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] said that ''The Hustler'' "has its faults as a novel, but opens the door on a world that books have not yet made commonplace". It went on to say that: "The moral of ''The Hustler'' is obviously sententious, the love story is a cliche, and author Tevis' writing is sometimes too painfully exact. What remains is a succession of scenes in which a smoky, seedy world becomes sharply alive, and where crises are intense even though the scene is grubby and the game is only pool."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,937115,00.html |title=The Eight Ball |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 12, 1959 |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=89–90|access-date=October 8, 2023}}</ref>

''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' called it a "compact, tidy novel", and said: "Through a language of casual statement which does not disguise the seriousness of its intent, this exploration of moral experience is a pithy and competent performance."<ref>{{Cite web |title=''The Hustler'' by Walter Tevis |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/walter-tevis/the-hustler/ |access-date=August 27, 2023 |website=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |archive-date=August 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827165255/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/walter-tevis/the-hustler/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Background ==
Tevis grew up in Kentucky, and became good friends with a youth whose father bought him a pool table to keep him out of trouble. He was introduced to gambling when he was in the Navy, and a writer for ''[[Kentucky Monthly]]'' observed in 2019 that "The combination of pool and gambling started the clock ticking toward what was to come."<ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Gary P. |date=October 1, 2019 |title=The Real Hustler |url=http://www.kentuckymonthly.com/api/content/7ee6605a-e451-11e9-91cd-12f1225286c6/ |access-date=August 29, 2023 |website=KentuckyMonthly.com |archive-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009092531/http://www.kentuckymonthly.com/culture/people/the-real-hustler/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He called himself as a "B-minus" pool player who could not play professionals with any hope of winning.<ref name=":0" />

The pool rooms described in the book were fictionalized by Tevis, and he insisted that despite claims by [[Rudolf Wanderone]]<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |title=Victimized by a Kids' Game |date=October 14, 1968 |first=Pat |last=Putnam |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1968/10/14/victimized-by-a-kids-game |page=82 |volume=29 |issue=16}}</ref> to be the model of the character, Minnesota Fats was entirely fictional. He told an interviewer in 1981: "A lot of people ask me, 'When did you first meet Minnesota Fats?' And I feel like [[Walt Disney]] being asked, 'When did you meet [[Donald Duck]]?' Come on, I made him up. One of my contributions to American folklore." Tevis has described Fast Eddie's hometown of Oakland as a "disguised autobiographical reference" to San Francisco, where Tevis was born.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wolinsky |first=Richard |last2=Davidson |first2=Lawrence G. |last3=Lupoff |first3=Richard A. |date=August 1, 2019 |title=An Interview with Walter Tevis |url=https://brickmag.com/an-interview-with-walter-tevis/ |access-date=August 29, 2023 |website=Brick |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082851/https://brickmag.com/an-interview-with-walter-tevis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A pool player named [[Eddie Parker (pool player)|Eddie Parker]] asserted that he was the basis for the Fast Eddie character. But Tevis maintained that Fast Eddie was fictitious, and he resented assertions to the contrary, that he had "created such memorable characters out of mere reportage". After his death in 1984, his widow debunked claims for years that the Fast Eddie character was based on a real person.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Levy |first=Shawn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMc7Zcxrf3MC |via=Google Books |title=Paul Newman: A Life |date=2009 |publisher=Crown |isbn=9780307353764 |pages=169 |access-date=August 29, 2023 |archive-date=August 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829233036/https://books.google.com/books?id=OMc7Zcxrf3MC |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, a researcher examined the novel's original manuscript and found that Tevis had changed the character name from "New York Fats" to "Minnesota Fats," lending credence to the claim of Rudolf Wanderone, who called himself "New York Fats," that he was the inspiration for the character.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dyer |first1=R. A. |title=Myth vs Reality: When Minnesota Fats and Walter Tevis' imagination collided |work=Billiards Digest |url=https://www.billiardsdigest.com/new_current_issue/nov_19/bb_index.php |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=November 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422113215/https://www.billiardsdigest.com/new_current_issue/nov_19/bb_index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Printing history==
Available editions include:

*1976: {{ISBN|0380008602}} 
*1979: {{ISBN|1568490445}} 
*2006: {{ISBN|1560254734}}

==References==
{{portal|Cue sports}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Walter Tevis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hustler, The (1959)}}
[[Category:1959 American novels]]
[[Category:Novels by Walter Tevis]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:American sports novels]]
[[Category:Cue sports novels]]
[[Category:Harper & Brothers books]]
[[Category:1959 debut novels]]

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