Editing Texas Guinan

{{short description|American Prohibition era saloon keeper and  entrepreneur (1884–1933)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Texas Guinan
| image = Texas Guinan Warner (cropped).jpg
| caption = Guinan, c. 1920
| birth_name = Mary Louise Cecilia Guinan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1884|01|12}}
| birth_place = [[Waco, Texas]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1933|11|5|1884|1|12}}
| death_place = [[Vancouver, British Columbia]], Canada
| resting_place = [[Calvary Cemetery (Queens)|Calvary Cemetery, Queens]]
| occupation = Actress, producer, entrepreneur
| years_active = 1906–1933
| spouse = {{marriage|John J. Moynahan|1904|1906|end=divorced}}
}}

'''Mary Louise Cecilia''' "'''Texas'''" '''Guinan''' (January 12, 1884 – November 5, 1933) was an American actress, producer,
and entrepreneur. Born in Texas to Irish immigrant parents, Guinan decided at an early age to become an entertainer. After becoming a star on the New York stage, the repercussions of her involvement in a weight loss scam motivated her to switch careers to the film business. Spending several years in California appearing in numerous productions, she eventually formed her own company.

She is most remembered for the [[speakeasy]] clubs she managed during [[Prohibition]]. Her clubs catered to the rich and famous, as well as to aspiring talent. After being arrested and indicted during a law enforcement sweep of speakeasy clubs, she was acquitted when her case went to trial.

==Personal life and early career==
Guinan was one of four siblings born in [[Waco, Texas]], to Irish immigrants Michael and Bessie (née Duffy) Guinan, who had emigrated separately as adults, meeting and marrying in Colorado, where they initially operated a wholesale grocery business.{{refn|group=FN|Sources conflict as to point of origin. Some say both parents immigrated from Dublin, Ireland. Some say one or both of them had been born in Canada to immigrants from Ireland{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}}} Moving to Texas, they ran a horse and cattle ranch.{{sfn|Shirley|1989|pp=1–3}}

As a child, Guinan was nicknamed "Mamie" and attended parochial school at the Loretta Convent in [[Waco, Texas]]. Growing up on a ranch provided her with basic cowboy skills, and she honed her marksmanship at a local shooting gallery. In 1898, her parents successfully secured her a two-year scholarship to the [[American Conservatory of Music]] offered by Chicago businessman [[Marshall Field]].{{sfn|Shirley|1989|pp=1–3}} After developing her soprano vocal talents and finishing her studies, she joined a touring actors' troupe that featured [[American frontier|American "Wild West"]] entertainment.<ref name=TSHA>{{cite web|last1=Cottrell|first1=Debbie Mauldin|title=Mary Louise (Texas) Guinan|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fgu21|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=April 3, 2018|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref>

By 1904 using the name Marie Guinan, she married newspaper cartoonist John Moynahan on December 2. Two years later, Moynahan took a job in Boston. The couple eventually divorced, and Guinan moved to New York to pursue a career as a singer in the entertainment business.{{sfn|Shirley|1989|pp=4–5}}<ref name=TSHA/><ref name=Walter>{{cite news|last1=Anthony|first1=Walter|title=Miss Guinan says she's a lonesome star from Texas|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-12-11/ed-1/seq-39/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The San Francisco Call|date=December 11, 1910|page=39}}</ref> For years, she claimed she had been born with the name Texas, and never let facts stand in the way of her narrative: in a full-page 1910 interview in ''The San Francisco Call'', for example, she falsely stated that her father "was the first white child seen in Waco" (he had in fact been a married adult when he arrived, and white settlers led by [[Jacob De Cordova]] had lived in Waco from the early or mid-19th century).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Conger|first1=Roger N.|title=Waco, Tx|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/HDW01|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=April 3, 2018|language=en|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Walter/>

Theatre critic and ''[[Photoplay]]'' editor Julian Johnson, her companion for a decade, was influential in the creation of her public persona. Many erroneously believed them to be married.{{sfn|Cullen|Hackman|McNeilly|2007|p=465}}{{sfn|Slide|2010|p=52}} Her 1933 obituaries mention Johnson as her second husband, and millionaire George E. Townley as a third husband. Lacking any verification that the latter two marriages took place, Moynahan is now believed to have been her only husband.<ref name=TSHA/><ref>{{cite news|title=Death Beckons "Texas" Guinan|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/380493077/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Los Angeles Times |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com |date=November 6, 1933|page=2}}</ref>

Johnson's connection is thought to have led to a poem carrying her byline being printed in ''Photoplay''.{{sfn|Slide|2010|p=52}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guinan|first1=Texas|title=Modern Cinderella|journal=Photoplay Magazine|date=April 1915|url=https://archive.org/stream/PhotoplayMagazineApril1915/Photoplay0415#page/n127/mode/2up/search/Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|via=[[Internet Archive]]|page=128}}</ref> An alleged connection to the U.S. Senator from Texas, [[Joseph Weldon Bailey]], evolved over time from a nonspecific tie to her family, to Guinan's being the senator's niece. The niece relationship seems implausible, since her parents were born and raised in a different country than either Senator Bailey or his wife. Mentions of him coincide with the timeline of her association with Julian Johnson. While he was editor at ''Photoplay'', an article written by then-staff journalist [[Adela Rogers St. Johns]] remarked that Guinan "bore a distinct resemblance to her uncle, Senator [[Joseph Weldon Bailey|Joe Bailey]] of Texas."<ref>{{cite news|title=Texas Guinan Visits Pres. Taft|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/83577941/?terms=Texas+Guinan+favorite+niece|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Ogden Standard |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=November 12, 1909|page=6, col. 5}}; {{cite journal|last1=St Johns|first1=Adela Rogers|author-link1=Adela Rogers St. Johns|title=Guinan of the Guns|journal=Photoplay|date=February 19, 2024 |issue=July–December 1919|pages=59–60|url=https://archive.org/stream/phojuldec17chic#page/n205/mode/2up/search/Texas+Guinan|publisher=Photoplay Magazine Publishing Company|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==Vaudeville and stage productions==
[[File:Stage actress Texas Guinan (SAYRE 3336).jpg|thumb|Guinan in 1911]]
Initially finding work as a chorus girl, she adopted the stage name Texas Guinan to give herself an edge in the competitive marketplaces of [[vaudeville]] and New York theatre productions.{{sfn|Sizer|2008|p=82}} Within a year, she had the female lead in a stage production of ''Simple Simon Simple'', during which she accidentally shot herself on stage with a loaded gun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Theatrical Chatter|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/325642773/?terms=Texas+Guinan+what+the+rose+said|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Buffalo Enquirer  |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=December 13, 1907|page=2, col. 4}}; {{cite news|title=Actress Shoots Herself|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186332982/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Green Bay Press-Gazette |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=October 12, 1907|page=2}}</ref> In 1908, she received favorable notices for her performance in ''The [[Gibson Girl]] Review''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Poli's Promises Big Attractions: Texas Guinan and "The Gibson Girl Review"|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/369110944/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Hartford Courant |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=October 17, 1908|page=6}}</ref> That same year, she placed an advertisement in newspapers offering $1,000 to any songwriter who provided her with a song of equal popularity to the [[Gus Edwards (vaudeville)|Gus Edwards]]–penned "That's What the Rose Said to Me"<ref name=Song>{{cite news|title=$1.000 for a Song That Will Make a Hit|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/142127396/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Pittsburgh Press |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=January 19, 1908|page=35. col. 2}}</ref> She appeared as a soprano vocalist in many productions, including ''The Gay Musician'', ''The Hoyden'' and ''The Lone Star''.<ref name=birth>{{cite news|title=Miss Texas Guinan|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045396/1909-11-18/ed-1/seq-2/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|date=November 18, 1909|page=2}}</ref>

She had achieved a degree of national stardom by 1910. John P. Slocum managed her when she appeared in his multiyear touring production of ''The Kissing Girl''.<ref name=Walter/> When [[Ned Wayburn]] rolled out his production of ''The Passing Show'' on a national tour in 1913, Guinan was one of the headliners. Coinciding with the publicity for the tour, Guinan licensed her name and image to be used by W. C. Cunningham for a weight-loss plan. The advertisements that appeared in media across the country claimed Guinan had lost 70 pounds on the plan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Famous Actress Loses 70 Lbs. Of Fat|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1913-08-31/ed-1/seq-18/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Omaha Daily Bee|date=August 31, 1913|page=10-B}}</ref> Investigative journalism by the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' alleged that Guinan knowingly acted as a [[shill]] in perpetrating a fraud upon the public. A subsequent investigation by the postal service revealed it to be a swindle. United States Postmaster General [[Albert S. Burleson]] quickly acted to prohibit Guinan from receiving mail through the postal service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Quack Plays "Fat Lady" To Get The Money|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/355078303/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Chicago Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=December 17, 1913|page=15}}; {{cite news|title=Mails Are Closed To Texas Guinan Under Fraud Order|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/355154619/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Chicago Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=January 20, 1914|page=13. col. 7}}</ref> Although she continued on the stage, the incident damaged her career, and was a motivating factor in expanding her repertoire by trying her hand in the California film business.{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=3}}

Guinan appeared as Zaza in the variety show ''[[Hop-o'-My-Thumb]]'', based on a French fairytale of the same name. The show opened at the [[Manhattan Center|Manhattan Opera House]] November 26, 1913, and closed January 1, 1914.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hop o' My Thumb|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/hop-o-my-thumb-7742#opennightcredit|website=IBDB|publisher=The Broadway League|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> She toured the United States with the ''Whirl of the World'' musical comedy in 1915. The tour coincided with her unverified account of being casually approached in [[Berlin]] by [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]], who engaged her in conversation as she sat alone reading a book.<ref>{{cite news|title=Playbill for Whirl of the World|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/77796015/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Bismarck Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=March 27, 2015|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Has A Chat With German Kaiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/135296145/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Democrat and Chronicle |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=April 4, 1915|page=25}}</ref>

She appeared in the musical ''Gay Paree'' that opened at the [[Shubert Theatre (New York City)|Shubert Theatre]] on August 18, 1925, and closed on January 30, 1926.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gay Paree|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/gay-paree-1925-7835|website=IBDB|publisher=The Broadway League|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> Guinan was part of the cast of the musical ''Padlocks of 1927'', also at the Shubert.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padlocks of 1927|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/padlocks-of-1927-10337|website=IBDB|publisher=The Broadway League|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>

==Films==
In a film career that began in 1917 and continued through 1933, she was part of the vanguard of women filmmakers in the United States. Her later claims of being in France in 1917 entertaining the troops, and being decorated with a bronze medal by French field marshal [[Joseph Joffre]], have been proven false by the timeline and California location of her prolific film-making.{{sfn|Hoefling|2010|p=71}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Troesser|first1=John|title=Texas Guinan|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/FallingBehind/Texas-Guinan.htm|website=Texas Escapes|publisher=Blueprints For Travel, LLC.|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> [[Triangle Film Corporation]], founded in 1915 by [[Harry Aitken]] and Roy Aitken, featured Guinan in four two-reel shorts between 1917 and 1918, ''The Fuel of Life'', ''The Stainless Barrier'', ''[[The Gun Woman]]'' and ''The Love Brokers''. Unlike the musical genre she was known for on stage, she was now moving towards the [[Western (genre)|Western]] movie genre, and on her dressing room door appeared a map of the state of Texas, rather than her name. Triangle began billing her as "the female [[William S. Hart|Bill Hart]]" in reference to the industry's first Western star who at that time topped fandom popularity polls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Name Not Enough So She Added Face|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069873/1917-12-25/ed-1/seq-3/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Bourbon News|date=December 25, 1917|page=3, col. 4}}; {{cite news|title=Fourth of July at the Lyceum|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058396/1919-07-03/ed-1/seq-5/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Ogden Standard|date=July 3, 1919|page=5, col. 3}}; {{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Motion Picture Hall of Fame |url=https://archive.org/stream/motionpicturemag152moti#page/6/mode/2up |journal=[[Motion Picture Magazine]] |location=Chicago |publisher=Brewster Publications |date=July 1918 |access-date=April 3, 2018|page=7 }}</ref>

[[File:Texas Guinan.jpg|thumb|Advertisement for Frohman Amusement Corp featuring Texas Guinan]]
Frohman Brothers were Broadway producers. In 1915, brother Daniel Frohman and partner [[William L. Sherrill]] formed the [[Frohman Amusement Corporation]], a motion picture business.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Right To Use The Name of Frohman|journal=Theatre Magazine|date=1918|volume=27|page=394|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007979487|issn=0749-8829}}</ref> They made more than a dozen films with Guinan in 1918, including ''[[The Boss of the Rancho]]'' and ''The Heart of Texas''.

During her years with Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft, she began to expand towards the production end of film-making, as a unit department head on the films ''Outwitted'', ''The Lady of the Law'', ''The Girl of the Rancho'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=541mpw4t7fs | title=Girl of the Rancho (1919, Bull's Eye Productions) | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryfyWO-xKSM | title=The Girl of the Rancho (1919) Texas Guinan Silent Film 8mm Transfer | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> ''The Desert Vulture'', and at least five other productions. She created Texas Guinan Productions in 1921 to produce ''Code of the West'', ''Spitfire'' and ''Texas of the Mounted''.<ref name=WFPP/> After ''I Am the Woman'' and ''The Stampede'' for Victor Kremer Film Features, she returned to New York.{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=44}}

Guinan was again seen on the screen with two sound pictures, playing slightly fictionalized versions of herself as a speakeasy proprietress in ''[[Queen of the Night Clubs]]'' (1929) and then ''[[Broadway Thru a Keyhole]]'' (1933, written by [[Walter Winchell]]) shortly before her death.<ref name=WFPP/>

==Queen of the night clubs==
The 1920 [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] put [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] into effect, making sales or transport of alcoholic beverages illegal. While it ruined legitimate businesses, people continued drinking alcohol. Those who transported and sold it were known as "[[Rum-running|bootleggers]]". Thus began the establishment of the [[speakeasy]] private clubs, a cultural phenomenon in which Guinan excelled. Her introduction into the business was when speakeasy partners Emil Gervasini and John Levi of the Beaux Arts club hired Guinan in 1923 as a singer, for which she was paid $50,000.<ref name=Dorman>{{cite news|last=Dorman|first=Marjorie|title=Texas Guinan Tells How She Makes $100,000 A Year, Never Takes A Drink, And Says Folks Don't Go To Night Clubs To Imbibe Booze|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/59870697/?terms=texas+guinan+never+drinks|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=December 18, 1927|page=27}}</ref>{{sfn|Hoefling|2010|pp=70–71}}

{{quote box|
|quote = I never take a drink and I never sell a drink. I am paid to put on an act and I put on an act. I once gave [U.S. Attorney General] [[Emory Buckner|Buckner]] a certified check for $100,000 to give anyone who has ever seen me take a drink or sell a drink. That check is still good, so's my offer.
|source = Texas Guinan, December 1927<ref name=Dorman/>
|width = 25%
|align = right
}}

Guinan's give-and-take dialogue with the customers inspired producer [[Nils Granlund]] to put together a full floor show with Guinan presiding as emcee for [[Ziegfeld Follies]] chorus girls. Bootleg huckster [[Larry Fay]] struck a deal with them to feature the show at his El Fey Club on West 47th Street in Manhattan. There, she became known for her catchphrase, "Hello, Sucker! Come on in and leave your wallet on the bar." In return for being the draw to attract wealthy and powerful clientele, Guinan received 50% of the profits. While working as dancers at the club,[[Ruby Keeler]], [[Barbara Stanwyck]] and [[George Raft]] were discovered by talent scouts.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Corcoran|first1=Michael|title=Texas Guinan|date=May 1988|page=112|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SkEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Texas+Guinan%22&pg=PA112|publisher=Emmis Communications|journal=Texas Monthly}}</ref>{{sfn|Sizer|2008|p=95}}{{sfn|Hoefling|2010|pp=72–74}} 

Guinan and Fay were frequently shut down by the police, yet reopened soon after in new locations with new fixtures, and new names. Later, she opened the Texas Guinan Club at 117 West 48th Street, also closed by the police. She and Fay later opened the Del-Fey Club in Miami the same year. By her own account, they once took in $700,000 in less than a year.<ref name=Dorman/><ref>{{cite news|title=Texas Guinan Again Clashes With Law Over Rum Selling|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/150102297/?terms=Texas+Guinan+Club|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Pittsburgh Press |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=June 10, 1925|page=12}};{{cite news|title=Texas Guinan, Laughing At Padlocks, "Arrives"|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/302549557/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Miami News |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=November 25, 1925|page=21, col. 5}}</ref> 
 
When Guinan returned to New York in January 1926, as hostess of the 300 Club at 151 W. [[54th Street (Manhattan)|54th Street]], the opening night's event was the marriage ceremony for actress [[Wilda Bennett]] and Argentine dancer Abraham "Peppy" de Albrew. Other celebrities who visited her club were [[Al Jolson]], Scottish operatic soprano [[Mary Garden]], [[Jack Dempsey]], American operatic soprano [[Geraldine Farrar]], and [[Edward VIII|the Prince of Wales]].<ref name=Dorman/><ref>{{cite news|title=Wilda Bennett Weds Her Dancing Partner|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144142061/?terms=Texas+Guinan%27s+300+club|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Asbury Park Press |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date= January 20, 1926|page=1}}</ref>

In July 1926, the 300 Club was raided by the police, who seized bottles of liquor and arrested two people for "violation of the section of the penal code forbidding suggestive dances".<ref>{{cite news|title=Police, Dry Agent Raid Night Club Of Texas Guinan|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/247717335/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|date=July 3, 1926|work=Palladium-Item |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|page=11}}</ref> The last week of June 1928, Assistant U.S. Attorney General [[Mabel Walker Willebrandt]] ordered a raid of speakeasy clubs in New York. Guinan, [[Helen Morgan (singer)|Helen Morgan]] (hostess of Chez Helen Morgan), Nils Granlund, and 104 others were arrested, and indicted by a federal grand jury. Guinan, Morgan and Granlund faced two years in prison, with a $10,000 maximum fine, if convicted. The others indicted were employees and patrons, who faced lesser penalties. At her April 1929 trial, Guinan was acquitted.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Love|first1=Sam|title=Broadways Favorites - Texas Guinan Must Face Charge - 107 Of Them Indicted|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/397960513|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Atlanta Constitution |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=July 31, 1928|page=1, col. 2}}; {{cite news|last1=Saunders|first1=Hortense|title=Crape For Broadway Nightclubs?|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/375645859/?terms=Mabel+Walker+Willebrandt+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Messenger-Inquirer |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=August 12, 1928|page=18}}; {{cite news|title=Prohibition Rounders And Texas Guinan|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/354928512/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Chicago Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=April 13, 1929|page=12}}</ref>

== Final years and death==
During the [[Great Depression]], she took her show on the road.  She attempted to move to Europe, but [[Scotland Yard]] threatened to board her ship if she tried to land in England, where she was on their list of "[[List of people banned from entering the United Kingdom|barred aliens]]". The show was banned from France under labor technicalities. Guinan had a contract with a Paris club, but French employment laws dissuaded non-citizens from working in France. She turned this to her advantage by launching the satirical revue ''Too Hot for Paris'' upon her return to  [[New York City|NY]], in  1933.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OI3dXCUWBs Texas Guinan Back In NY (1933)]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Texas Guinan Defies British To Bar Her When She Tries To Land Land|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/135325514/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Democrat and Chronicle |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=May 23, 1931|page=1, col. 6}}; {{cite news|title=Texas Can't Alight to See Paris, France Rules|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/79520955/?terms=Texas+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Macon Chronicle-Herald |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=May 29, 1931|page=1, col. 3}}</ref><ref name=1933Trib>{{cite news|title=Texas Guinan, Night Club Queen, Dies|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/355254838|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Chicago Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=November 6, 1933|pages=1, 6}}</ref>

Guinan played [[Green Mill Cocktail Lounge]] in Chicago,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcCHFpn8SXM | title=Texas Guinan : Queen of the Nightclubs | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> Illinois. Part of her act included audience participation with small give-away [[slapstick]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObiUgeCGD9A | title=QUEEN OF THE NIGHTCLUBS - TEXAS GUINAN with Fan Dancer SALLY RAND 1931 | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>

While on the road with ''Too Hot for Paris'', she contracted [[Amoebiasis|amoebic dysentery]] in Chicago,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcCHFpn8SXM | title=Texas Guinan : Queen of the Nightclubs | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> Illinois, during the epidemic [[Century of Progress#Amoebic dysentery outbreak|outbreak]] at the Congress Hotel during the run of the Chicago World's Fair. The epidemic was traced to tainted water. She fell ill in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, and died there on November 5, 1933, age 49, exactly one month before Prohibition was repealed; 7,500 people attended her funeral. Bandleader [[Paul Whiteman]] was a pallbearer along with two of her former lawyers and writer [[Heywood Broun]].{{sfn|Sizer|2008|p=103}}

Guinan is interred at the [[Calvary Cemetery (Queens, New York)|Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York]]. Her family donated a tabernacle in her name to St. Patrick's Church in Vancouver in recognition of Father Louis Forget's attentions during her last hours. When the original church was demolished in 2004, the tabernacle was preserved for the new church built on the site. She was survived by both of her parents. Her father was 81 years old at his death on May 14, 1935, and her mother died at age 101 in 1959. The newspaper obituary listed his place of birth as [[Sherbrooke]], Quebec, Canada, and his profession as a wholesale grocer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michael Guinan|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52841160/?terms=Michael+Guinan|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=May 15, 1935|page=19, col. 5}}</ref>

==Legacy==
'''Actress portrayals of Guinan'''

* 1927 – ''[[Broadway Nights]]'', [[De Sacia Mooers]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Broadway Nights, 1927|url=http://silenthollywood.com/broadwaynights1927.html|website=silenthollywood.com|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
* 1945 – ''[[Incendiary Blonde]]'', [[Betty Hutton]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Incendiary Blonde|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/24461|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
* 1961 – ''[[The George Raft Story]]'', [[Barbara Nichols]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The George Raft Story|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/21566?sid=ac451531-1b28-44cb-9d51-e0841d649dae&sr=5.1037664&cp=1&pos=0|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
* 1961 – ''[[Splendor in the Grass]]'', [[Phyllis Diller]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Splendor in the Grass|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/19329?sid=4f8fa853-85dd-4cfb-a305-f352882447d0&sr=3.8972404&cp=1&pos=0|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>

'''Fictional characters based on Guinan'''

* 1920s – Miss Missouri Martin, [[Damon Runyon]]'s short stories about Broadway{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=119}}
* 1932 – Maudie Triplett played by [[Mae West]], ''[[Night After Night (film)|Night After Night]]''{{sfn|Wallace|2012|p=75}}
* 1939 – Panama Smith played by [[Gladys George]], ''[[The Roaring Twenties]]''{{sfn|Erickson|2017|p=198}}
* 1960 – Sally Kansas played by [[June Havoc]], episode ''The Larry Fay Story'', ''[[The Untouchables (1959 TV series)|The Untouchables]]''{{sfn|Tucker|2011|p=105}}
* 1984 – Vera played by [[Diane Lane]], ''[[The Cotton Club (film)|The Cotton Club]]''{{sfn|Wallace|2012|p=75}}
* [[Velma Kelly]], the musical ''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]''; personality modeled on Guinan and backstory based on murder suspect [[Belva Gaertner]]{{sfn|Nachman|2016}}
* [[Guinan (Star Trek)|Guinan]], fictional bartender, played by [[Whoopi Goldberg]], ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]''{{sfn|Wallace|2012|p=75}}

'''Miscellaneous'''

* 2007 – ''[[Black Hats]]'', as a character in the novel{{sfn|Collins|2018}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Texas Guinan 1919.jpg
File:Texas Guinan in She The Wolf.jpg
File:Boss of the Rancho 1919.jpg
File:Texas Guinan The Night Rider.Jpg
File:Texas Guinan - Dec 1920 EH.jpg
File:Texas Guinan photop 1919.jpg
File:Texas Guinan - Oct 1921 EH.jpg
File:Texas Guinan The Wildcat.jpg
</gallery>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Acting credits of Texas Guinan
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Production
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-

!scope="row"|1917
|{{sort|Fuel|''[[The Fuel of Life]]'' }}
|[[Triangle Film Corporation]]
| 
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Tex Guinan In Apollo Drama|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1917-12-06/ed-1/seq-6/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Tacoma Times|date=December 6, 1917|page=6, col. 3}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1917
| {{sort|Stainless|''[[The Stainless Barrier]]''}} 
|Triangle Film Corporation
| 
|<ref name=WFPP>{{cite web|title=Texas Guinan – Women Film Pioneers Project|url=https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-texas-guinan/|website=wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1918
|{{sort|Gun|''[[The Gun Woman]]''}} 
|Triangle Film Corporation
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Gun Woman|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.1892/default.html|website=LOC American Silent Feature Film Database|access-date=April 3, 2018|date=1918}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1918
|{{sort|Love|''The Love Brokers''}} 
|Triangle Film Corporation
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The Love Brokers|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/15049?cxt=filmography|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1918
|Getaway|''Getaway Kate'' 
|[[Astra Films]]
| 
|<ref name=Vogue>{{cite web|last1=Yaeger|first1=Lynn|title=Celebrating Texas Guinan, the Original "Nasty Woman"|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/texas-guinan-20th-century-actress-nasty-woman|website=Vogue|access-date=March 31, 2017|date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1918
|{{sort|Hell|''[[The Hell Cat (1918 film)|The Hell Cat]]''}} 
|[[Goldwyn Pictures]]
|'''Lost''' film
|{{sfn|Sizer|2008|p=88}}
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Boss|''[[The Boss of the Rancho]]''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Call|''The Call of Bob White''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{Sort|Dangerous|''The Dangerous Little Devil''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{Sort|Dead|''The Dead Man's Hand''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Girl of Hell's Agony|''The Girl of Hell's Agony''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Heart|''[[The Heart of Texas]]''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Just Bill''
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Little Miss Deputy''
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Malamute Meg'' 
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|{{sfn|Sizer|2008|p=88}}
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Sacrifice|''The Sacrifice''}}
|Frohman Amusement Corp.
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|She Wolf|''[[The She Wolf (1919 film)|The She Wolf]]''}} 
|Frohman Amusement Corp.
| 
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The She Wolf|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov:8081/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.9094/default.html|website=LOC Silent Filml Database|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Some Gal''
|Frohman Amusement Corp.
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''South of Santa Fe'' 
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''The Spirit of Cabin Mine'' 
|Frohman Amusement Corp. 
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Letters of Fire''
|Melody Productions
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Love|''The Love Defender''}}
|[[World Film Company]]
| 
|{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=20}}
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Texas Guinan and Jack Hane'' 
|
|
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''[[My Lady Robin Hood]]''
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|''Outwitted'' 
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Lady|''The Lady of the Law''}}
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{sort|Girl of the Rancho|''The Girl of the Rancho''}} 
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=541mpw4t7fs | title=Girl of the Rancho (1919, Bull's Eye Productions) | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryfyWO-xKSM | title=The Girl of the Rancho (1919) Texas Guinan Silent Film 8mm Transfer | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|{{Sort|Desert|''The Desert Vulture''}} 
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1919
|Fighting|''Fighting the Vigilantes''
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1920
|{{sort|Moonshine|''[[The Moonshine Feud]]''}}
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1920
|{{sort|Night Rider|''The Night Rider''}}
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1920
|''Not Guilty''
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1920
|{{sort|White Squaw|''The White Squaw''}}
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
|also unit department head
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1920
|{{sort|Wildcat|''The Wildcat'' }}
|Bull's Eye Productions/Reelcraft
| 
|<ref name=WFPP/><ref>{{cite news|title=Bijou theater advertisement|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86058242/1920-07-03/ed-1/seq-2/|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=The Lake County Times|date=July 3, 1920|page=2, col. 6}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1921
|''Code of the West''
|Texas Guinan Productions
|
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1921
|''Spitfire'' 
|Texas Guinan Productions
|
|{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=43}}
|-
!scope="row"|1921
|''Texas of the Mounted''
|Texas Guinan Productions
|
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1921
|''I Am the Woman'' 
|Victor Kremer Film Features
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=I Am The Woman|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/9875?sid=5e615b68-3cd3-4143-89db-5b368b603942&sr=5.7557206&cp=1&pos=0&cxt=Filmography3|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1921
|{{sort|Stampede|''The Stampede''}}
|[[Victor Kremer (producer)|Victor Kremer]] Film Features
|
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1924
|''[[Night Life of New York]]'' 
|[[Famous Players–Lasky]]
|'''Lost''' film
|{{sfn|Shirley|1989|p=48}}
|-
!scope="row"|1929
|''[[Queen of the Night Clubs]]'' 
|[[Warner Bros.]]
| '''Lost''' film
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Queen of the Nightclubs|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/11497?sid=5e615b68-3cd3-4143-89db-5b368b603942&sr=5.7557206&cp=1&pos=0&cxt=Filmography1|website=AFI Catalog|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|1929
|''[[Glorifying the American Girl]]'' 
|Paramount Famous Lansky Corp.
|Uncredited as herself
|<ref name=WFPP/>
|-
!scope="row"|1933
|''[[Broadway Through a Keyhole]]''
|[[Twentieth Century Pictures]]
|Written by [[Walter Winchell]]
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Seeing the Movies with John Alden|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/182683314/?terms=Broadway+Through+a+Keyhole|access-date=April 3, 2018|work=Star Tribune |url-access=subscription |via=Newspapers.com|date=December 24, 1933|page=20, col. 3}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Written by Texas Guinan ==
* "How to Keep Your Husband Out of My Night Club", ''[[Liberty (general interest magazine)|Liberty]]'' magazine, No 18, April 30, 1932, pp. 50–51 {{sfn|Slide|2012}}
* "Oh, Professor!", ''[[College Humor (magazine)|College Humor]]'', June 1932, p. 24.

== See also ==
* {{Portal-inline|Biography}}

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|group=FN}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book|last1=Collins|first1=Max Allan|title=Black Hats: A Novel of Wyatt Earp & Al Capone|date=2018|publisher=Brash Books, LLC|isbn=978-1941298923|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZD9RDwAAQBAJ&q=Guinan+%22Black+Hats%22&pg=PT165 }} 
* {{cite book|last1=Cullen|first1=Frank|last2=Hackman|first2=Florence|last3=McNeilly|first3=Donald|title=Vaudeville Old & New: An Encyclopedia of variety performances in America|date=2007|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-93853-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFnfnKg6BcAC&q=Texas+Guinan+%22Julian+Johnson%22&pg=PA465 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Erickson|first1=Hal|title=Any Resemblance to Actual Persons: The Real People Behind 400+ Fictional Movie Characters|date=2017|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-2930-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5lBDwAAQBAJ&q=Guinan+%22Panama+Smith%22&pg=PA198 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Hoefling|first1=Larry J.|title=Nils Thor Granlund: Show Business Entrepreneur and America's First Radio Star|date=2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5599-7|oclc=903290442|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTfrVOw8c_0C&q=France+%22Texas+Guinan%22&pg=PA71 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Nachman|first1=Gerald|title=Showstoppers!: The Surprising Backstage Stories of Broadway's Most Remarkable Songs|date=2016|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1613731055|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r7PUDAAAQBAJ&q=Guinan+%22Velma+Kelly%22&pg=PT387 }}  
* {{cite book|last1=Shirley|first1=Glenn|title=Hello, Sucker! : The Story of Texas Guinan|date=1989|publisher=Eakin Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=0-89015-690-5|oclc=474889064|edition= 1st }}
* {{cite book|last1=Sizer|first1=Mona|title=Outrageous Texans: Tales of the Rich and Infamous|date=2008|publisher=Taylor Trade Pub.|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=978-1-58979-338-5|oclc=182856979|chapter=Too Hot For Paris|pages=79–104|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxYIT75tvgAC&q=guinan }}
*{{cite book |last1=Slide |first1=Anthony |title=The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville |date=2012 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |location=Jackson |isbn=978-1-61703-249-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzX7DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22How+to+Keep+Your+Husband+Out+of+My+Night+Club%22&pg=PT373}} (Note: this is an ebook without page numbers)
* {{cite book|last1=Slide|first1=Anthony|title=Inside the Hollywood Fan Magazine: A History of Star Makers, Fabricators, and Gossip Mongers|date=2010|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-60473-414-0|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/26131|chapter=James R. Quirk and Photoplay|via=ProjectMuse }}{{subscription required}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Kenneth|title=Eliot Ness and the Untouchables: The Historical Reality and the Film and Television Depictions|edition=2d |date=2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-8877-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWCLeXJI3AC&q=Guinan+%22Sally+Kansas%22&pg=PA105 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Wallace|first1=David|title=Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties|date=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0762768196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=Guinan+%22The+Cotton+Club%22&pg=PA75 }}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0347345}}
* {{Find a grave|8338|Mary Louise "Texas" Guinan}}
* [https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-texas-guinan/ Texas Guinan] at Women Film Pioneers Project
* [http://www.jazzbabies.com/nonflash/textribute.html Texas Biography at Jazzbabies]
* [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?parent_id=522835&word= Texas Guinan] photo gallery NY Public Library

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guinan, Texas}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American people of Canadian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American silent film actresses]]
[[Category:American women in business]]
[[Category:Actresses from Waco, Texas]]
[[Category:Actresses from Denver]]
[[Category:American vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Irish-American history and culture in Texas]]
[[Category:Saloonkeepers]]
[[Category:Women film pioneers]]
[[Category:Deaths from dysentery]]