Editing Temse

{{About|the Belgian municipality|the river of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany|Temse (Warnow)}}
{{short description|Municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name             = Temse
|picture          = Temse kaai.jpg
|picture-legend   =
|map              = Temse East-Flanders Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend       = Location of Temse in East Flanders
|arms             = Blason ville be Temse.svg
|flag             = Flag of Temse.svg
|region           = {{BE-REG-FLE}}
|community        = {{BE-NL}}
|province         = {{BE-PROV-OV}}
|arrondissement   = [[Arrondissement of Sint-Niklaas|Sint-Niklaas]]
|nis              = 46025
|pyramid-date     = 01/01/2006
|0-19=23.87
|20-64=60.20
|65=15.93
|foreigners=3.22
|foreigners-date  = 01/07/2005
|mayor            = Hugo Maes ([[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]])
|majority         = [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[New Flemish Alliance|N-VA]], [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open VLD]]
|postal-codes     = 9140
|telephone-area   = 03
|web              = [http://www.temse.be/ www.temse.be]
|coordinates      = {{coord|51|07|N|04|12|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Temse''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈtɛmsə|-|Nl-Temse.ogg}}; {{langx|fr|Tamise}} {{IPA|fr|tamiz||}}) is a [[Municipalities of Belgium|municipality]] in [[East Flanders]], [[Belgium]].

The name Temse is derived from the [[Gallo-Roman]]/[[Gaul]] Tamisiacum or Tamasiacum. This is also reflected in the French name for the town, Tamise. The main sights include the [[Church of Our Lady (Temse)|Church of Our Lady]], whose steeple was designed by the famous sculptor [[Adriaan Nijs]], who died in Temse, and who also sculpted the wooden pulpit. Inside the church the relics of [[Amalberga of Temse]] are venerated.  Close by stands the old "Gemeentehuis" (town hall), built in Flemish Eclectic style, housing a carillon in its main tower.

The municipality, which lies on the left side of the River Scheldt, comprises the towns of {{ill|Elversele|nl}}, {{ill|Steendorp|nl}}, Temse and {{ill|Tielrode|nl}}. On 1 January 2018, Temse had a population of 29,528. The total area is 39.92&nbsp;km² which gives a [[population density]] of 740 inhabitants per km².

== Toponym ==
Temse is first mentioned under the name ''Temsica''<ref name="gysseling">Gysseling, M. (1960). [http://bouwstoffen.kantl.be/tw/query/?find=temse&field=lem Temse]. In ''Toponymisch Woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (vóór 1226)''.</ref> in a deed from 941 in which Count [[Arnulf I of Flanders]] returns a series of possessions to [[Saint Peter's Abbey, Ghent|St. Peter's Abbey]] in [[Ghent]] that his predecessors had taken.<ref>Arnoul I le Vieux (941). [https://www.diplomata-belgica.be/charter_details_fr.php?dibe_id=538 DiBe ID 538]. In ''Diplomata Belgica''.</ref> Furthermore, spellings such as ''Temseca'', ''Tempseca'' and ''Thamisia'' also appear in medieval deeds and other documents.<ref name="gysseling" /> In older Dutch texts the place name is written as ''Themsche'' or ''Temsche''; the last spelling was official until 1946.

As origin for the name 'Temse' a Gallo-Roman form *''Tamisiacum'' or *''Tamasiacum'' is usually reconstructed. Place names in ''-(i)acus'' or ''-(i)acum'' (with a Gallic suffix ''-acos'' or ''-acon'') are often derived from Latin or indigenous personal names and arose between the first and fourth centuries.<ref>Lognon, A. (1979). ''Les noms de lieu de la France'' (Vol. 1). Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, p. 76-77.</ref> According to this analysis, Temse would have belonged to someone with the Gallic name *''Tamasios'' or *''Tamisios''. In this we can find the [[Proto-Indo-European]] root *''temH-'', which also appears in the Welsh word ''tywyll'', 'darkness' and in the Dutch ''deemster''. *''Tamasios'' or *''Tamisios'' would then mean something like 'the dark one' or 'the dark-haired one'.<ref name="pee">Gysseling, M. (1973). [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/pee_003albu01_01/pee_003albu01_01_0030.php De naam Pée]. In ''Album Willem Pée. De jubilaris aangeboden bij zijn zeventigste verjaardag'' (pp. 203-206). Tongeren: George Michiels.</ref>

According to a competing analysis, *''Tamisiacum'' or *''Tamasiacum'' would not be derived from a person's name, but from the name of a watercourse.<ref>[https://www.temse.be/index.php/over-temse/plaatsnamen Plaatsnamen] (18 juli 2014). ''Gemeente Temse''.</ref> The Proto-Indo-European root *''temH-'' remains valid here, so it would be about a 'dark watercourse', an explanation that is also quoted for the ''[[Demer]]'' and for the ''[[Thames]]''. Whichever derivation, ''Temse'' did not go through [[Grimm's law]] (*''t'' > [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] *''þ'' > [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''d'', such as in ''Demer'' from *''Tamara''). This may be due to the influence of the Romance languages, where this sound law does not apply.<ref name="pee" />

Like other places that were already known across the language border in the Middle Ages, Temse has a French name that has undergone its own sound development. In a deed from 1221 in which Viscount [[Zeger III of Ghent]] renounces a few tithes in favor of the Bishop of Tournai, Temse is mentioned as ''Thamisia'',<ref>Sigerus III (1221). [https://www.diplomata-belgica.be/charter_details_fr.php?dibe_id=16627 DiBe ID 16627]. In ''Diplomata Belgica''.</ref> a name that will become ''Tamise'' in contemporary French. Note that in the French variant of the name the suffix ''-(i)acum'' is missing, as is also the case with ''[[Geldenaken]]'' (from *''Geldoniacum'') and ''Jodoigne'' (from *''Geldonia'').<ref>Gysseling, M. (1978). [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197801_01/_naa002197801_01_0002.php#2 Inleiding tot de toponymie, vooral van Oost-Vlaanderen]. ''Naamkunde'', 10. 1-24.</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Temse - 1641.jpg|thumb|Temse in ''[[Flandria Illustrata]]'' (1641), with the [[Castle of Temse]] and the [[Church of Our Lady (Temse)|Church of Our Lady]] in the background]]
The oldest archaeological traces of habitation go back to the Stone Age. There have been finds from the late Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Gallo-Roman period. The [[Christianization]] of the municipality took place before 772 and in 864 the village was donated to the [[Saint Peter's Abbey, Ghent|Blandinus]] abbey in Ghent by the Count of Flanders, the municipality remained in the management of a knighthood of this abbey until 1460. A weekly market was set up in 1264 and expanded by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] in 1519 with an annual market.<ref>[http://www.temse.be/index.php/over-temse/historiek Temse, parel aan de Schelde...]; Gemeente Temse; 18 July 2014</ref> On 7 July 1684 a large fire raged through Temse, destroying a large part of the village.<ref name="IOE">[https://inventaris.onroerenderfgoed.be/erfgoedobjecten/121043 Fiche Temse]; [[:nl:Inventaris Onroerend Erfgoed|Inventaris Onroerend Erfgoed]]</ref>

In 1912 the ''[[:nl:Internationale Vliegweek voor Watervliegtuigen|Internationale Vliegweek voor Watervliegtuigen]]'' ("International Flying Week for Seaplanes") took place here, the meeting was set up for the assessment of seaplanes that could possibly be deployed in the Belgian Congo.<ref>[https://www.luchtvaartgeschiedenis.be/content/de-vliegweek-van-temse-7-tot-16-september-1912 De Vliegweek van Temse (7 to 16 September 1912)]; Luchtvaartgeschiedenis.be</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054859/http://www.waaserfgoed.be/erfgoed/33298-temse-vliegweek-1912 Prentkaart Temse, vliegweek (1912)]; Ergoedbank Waasland</ref> Tests were carried out with a private aircraft by fifteen pilots from Belgium, France and Germany. It was the biggest event in Temse's history.<ref>[http://www.gva.be/cnt/aid1091974/temse-zoekt-beelden-van-de-internationale-vliegweek-in-1912 Temse zoekt beelden van de Internationale Vliegweek in 1912]; [[Gazet van Antwerpen]]; 15 November 2011</ref>

During the First World War, the front magazine ''Onze Temschenaars'' appeared as a binding agent between the home and war front. Sixty-three Temse soldiers were killed and eleven requisitioned succumbed in camps.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055625/http://www.temse.cdenv.be/nieuws/temse-herdenkt-100-jaar-wereldoorlog-i Temse herdenkt 100 jaar Wereldoorlog]; [[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|CD&V]] Temse; 9 December 2013</ref> Theofiel Maes and Kamiel Van Buynder were also executed on 14 July 1917 in [[:nl:Fort 4|Fort 4]] in [[Mortsel]] because of espionage activities. They had been active for the espionage service codenamed ''Theo'', whose purpose was to inform the Belgian army about the movements of the German troops.<ref>[http://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20130807_00685153 Foto gefusilleerde Kamiel Van Buynder verhuist naar Temse]; [[Het Nieuwsblad]]; 8 August 2013</ref>

Between 1829 and 1994, Temse was home to the [[Boelwerf]] shipyard (locally lknown as "De Zaat") which for much of the twentieth century dominated the local economy and employment market.

After the last ship was completed in 1996, the shipyard's extensive terrain to the west of the town centre became available for redevelopment. The land was acquired in 2001 by a consortium of local construction firm Cordeel and three banks, and "Nieuw Temse" (New Temse) has since emerged as a whole new river-side town district and also the home of the new town hall. Local architect Pieter De Maeyer led the urban planning for the new district, and a number of high-profile architects were attracted for the design of a series of residential buildings along the river.

== Main sights ==
[[File:Onze Temschenaars.jpg|left|thumb|Excerpt from ''Onze Temschenaars'', the newspaper of Temse in the year 1917. Preserved by the [[Ghent University Library]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Onze Temschenaars|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:7F608CAE-1BE9-11E8-9F3F-E5DF0AD9BE4D#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-1557,0,4993,2788|access-date=2020-09-28|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>]]
*[[Temse Bridge (East Flanders)|Temse Bridge]], road bridge in Belgium, originally designed by [[Gustave Eiffel]].
*[[Church of Our Lady (Temse)|Church of Our Lady]], with Romanesque and Gothic architecture and 17th-century interior.
*{{ill|Old Town Hall (Temse)|nl|Gemeentehuis van Temse}}  ("Gemeentehuis"), in Flemish Eclectic style, completed in 1906
* Temse used to have its own newspaper, namely ''Onze Temschenaars''.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Burcht van Temse in 1774.jpg|The former [[Castle of Temse]]
File:Kasteel Temse - 1621.jpg|Temse in 1621
File:Markt 19 - 110346 - onroerenderfgoed.jpg|Mill ''Molens van Temse''
File:De Watermolen (derde kwart 17de eeuw).jpg|17th-century watermill
File:Cauwerburg 210 - 110290 - onroerenderfgoed.jpg|17th-century farmhouse
File:Temse Kamiel Wautersstraat 18-20 - 110337 - onroerenderfgoed.jpg|17th-century burgher house
File:Temse Gemeentehuis 1.JPG|Temse town hall
</gallery>

==Famous citizens==
<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
{{Columns-list|
*[[Amalberga of Temse|Saint Amalberga of Temse]], Lotharingian noblewoman (c.741–772)
*[[Karel Aubroeck]], sculptor (1894–1986)
*[[Nini Bulterijs]], composer (1929–1989)
*[[Amaury Cordeel]], racing driver (b. 2002)
*Ghislain Cordeel, racing driver (b. 1999)
*[[Léon Corthals]], painter (1877–1935)
*[[Wim De Decker]], footballer (b. 1982)
*[[Karl Meersman]], cartoonist (b. 1961)
*[[Charles Nissens]], architect (1858–1919)
*[[Philips Alexander Nijs]], sculptor (1724–1805)
*[[Barbara Pas]], politician (b. 1981)
*[[Edward Poppe]], Catholic priest (1890–1924)
*[[Jacques Raymond]], singer (b. 1938)
*[[Ernest Oscar Tips]], aircraft designer (1893–1978)
*[[Paul van Geert]], linguist (b. 1950)
*[[Anne Van Lancker]], politician (b. 1954)
*[[Jan Van Landeghem]], composer (b. 1954)
*[[Bob Van Reeth]], architect (b. 1943)
*[[Camille Wauters]], painter (1856–1919)
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{official|http://www.temse.be}}{{in lang|nl}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Temse
|North     = [[Sint-Niklaas]]
|Northeast = [[Beveren]]
|East      = [[Kruibeke]]
|South     = ''[[Scheldt]]''<br/>[[Bornem]] ([[Antwerp (province)|VAN]])
|Southwest = [[Hamme, Belgium|Hamme]]
|West      = [[Waasmunster]]
}}
{{Municipalities in East Flanders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Temse| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of East Flanders]]
[[Category:Waasland]]
[[Category:Populated places in East Flanders]]