Editing Tempe, Arizona

{{Short description|City in the United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Tempe
| other_name         = {{langx|ood|Oidbaḍ}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in Arizona|City]]
| named_for          = [[Vale of Tempe]]
| image_skyline      = Tempe_AZ_Skyline_August_2023.jpg
| imagesize          = 260px
| image_caption      = Tempe skyline as seen from The Buttes
| image_flag         = TempeAZflag.gif
| image_map          = File:Maricopa County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tempe Highlighted 0473000.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of Tempe in Maricopa County, Arizona
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| pushpin_map        = Arizona#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Arizona##Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|33|24|46|N|111|56|35|W|type:city_region:US-AZ|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Arizona]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Maricopa County, Arizona|Maricopa]]
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = October 15, 1892
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Tempe|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Corey Woods (mayor)|Corey Woods]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| governing_body     = Tempe City Council
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 103.99
| area_total_sq_mi   = 40.15
| area_land_km2      = 103.45
| area_land_sq_mi    = 39.94
| area_water_km2     = 0.54
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.21
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 1181
| population_total   = 180587
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = 1745.72
| population_density_sq_mi = 4521.34
| population_est     = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| population_metro   = 4,574,531 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|12th]])
| population_rank    = US: [[List of United States cities by population|140th]]
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = 85281–85285, 85287-85288<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/zipcodes-tempe-az|title=Tempe AZ ZIP Codes|access-date=October 17, 2022|work=Zipdatamaps|archive-date=October 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017191112/https://www.zipdatamaps.com/zipcodes-tempe-az|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| area_code          = [[Area code 480|480]] and [[Area code 602|602]]
| website            = {{URL|www.tempe.gov}}
| footnotes          = 
| timezone           = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]] (no [[Daylight savings time|DST]])
| utc_offset         = −7
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 04-73000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2412045<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2412045}}</ref>
| population_blank1_title = Demonym
| population_blank1  = Tempean
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010040437/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|url-status=live}}</ref>
| image_blank_emblem = Tempe, Arizona logo.png
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
}}

'''Tempe''' ({{IPAc-en|t|ɛ|m|ˈ|p|iː}} {{respell|tem|PEE}};<ref>{{Cite web |title='Tempe' definition and pronunciation |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tempe |access-date=September 16, 2011 |website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=merriamwebster.com}}</ref> ''Oidbaḍ'' in [[O'odham language|O'odham]]) is a city in [[Maricopa County, Arizona]], United States, with the Census Bureau reporting a 2020 population of 180,587.  The city is named after the [[Vale of Tempe]] in [[Greece]]. Tempe is located in the [[East Valley (Phoenix metropolitan area)|East Valley]] section of [[Phoenix metropolitan area|metropolitan Phoenix]]; it is bordered by [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Guadalupe, Arizona|Guadalupe]] on the west, [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]] and the [[Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community]] on the north, [[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]] on the south, and [[Mesa, Arizona|Mesa]] on the east.  Tempe is the location of the main campus of [[Arizona State University]].

==History==
[[File:Tempe, Arizona c1870.jpg|thumb|left|Tempe {{circa|1870}}–1880]]

The [[Hohokam]] lived in this area and built [[canal]]s to support their agriculture. They abandoned their settlements during the 15th century, with a few individuals and families remaining nearby.

[[Fort McDowell, Arizona|Fort McDowell]] was established approximately {{convert|25|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of present downtown Tempe on the upper [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]] in 1865 allowing for new towns to be built farther down the Salt River. US military service members and Hispanic workers were hired to grow food and animal feed to supply the fort, and less than a year later, had set up small camps near the river that were the first permanent communities in the Valley after the fall of the Hohokam. (Phoenix was settled shortly afterward, by 1867–68.) The two settlements were 'Hayden's Ferry', named after a ferry service operated by [[Charles T. Hayden]], and '[[San Pablo, Arizona|San Pablo]]', and were located west and east of [[Tempe Butte|Hayden Butte]] respectively. The ferry became the key river crossing in the area. The Tempe Irrigating Canal Company was soon established by William Kirkland and James McKinney to provide water for alfalfa, wheat, barley, oats, and cotton.

Pioneer [[Phillip Darrell Duppa|Darrell Duppa]] is credited with suggesting Tempe's name, adopted in 1879, after comparing the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]] valley near a {{convert|300|ft|m|adj=on}}-tall [[butte]], to the [[Vale of Tempe]] near [[Mount Olympus]] in [[Greece]].<ref name="Blanton2007">{{Cite book |last=Blanton |first=Shirley R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUGkeC5lKJIC&pg=PA8 |title=Tempe |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7385-4888-3 |page=8}}</ref>

From its founding in 1871 until 90 years later, Tempe was a [[sundown town]] where African Americans were permitted to work but forced to live elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mark |first=Jay |date=February 21, 2014 |title=Black History More Readily Available with Curator's Book |page=Z10 |work=[[The Arizona Republic]] |location=Tucson, Arizona |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29386164/ |quote=Blacks were slow to settle in Arizona. At the time of Tempe's founding in 1871, only 155 were recorded throughout the territory. ... For its first 90 years, Tempe was considered a 'sundown town' where Blacks were welcomed for agricultural and other daily labors. But they were encouraged to live elsewhere. |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=August 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830071541/https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic/29386164/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1965, Warren and Carol Livingston were the first African Americans to buy property in Tempe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African American Contributions to Tempe History |url=https://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=38430 |access-date=February 28, 2020 |publisher=Tempe History Museum |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308190818/https://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=38430 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1885, the [[13th Arizona Territorial Legislature]] chose Tempe for the site of the Territorial Normal School, which became Arizona Normal School, Arizona State Teachers College, Arizona State College and finally [[Arizona State University]].

The Maricopa and Phoenix Railroad, built in 1887, crossed the Salt River at Tempe, linking the town to the nation's growing transportation system. The Tempe Land and Improvement Company was formed to sell lots in the booming town. Tempe became an economic hub for the surrounding agricultural area. The [[Maricopa County Board of Supervisors]] incorporated the town of Tempe in 1894.<ref>{{cite web |title=Timeline |url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/tempe-history-museum/history-and-research/timeline |website=City of Tempe |access-date=October 24, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=January 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130203034/https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/tempe-history-museum/history-and-research/timeline |url-status=live }}</ref>

The completion of [[Roosevelt Dam]] in 1911 guaranteed enough water to meet the growing needs of Valley farmers. On his way to dedicate the dam, former President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] applauded the accomplishments of the people of central Arizona and predicted that their towns would be prosperous cities in the future. Less than a year later, Arizona was admitted as the 48th state,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andrew |first=Glass |date=February 14, 2017 |title=Arizona admitted to the union as the 48th state, Feb. 14, 1912 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/arizona-admitted-to-the-union-as-the-48th-state-feb-14-1912-234947 |access-date=March 26, 2024 |work=Politico |archive-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326200926/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/arizona-admitted-to-the-union-as-the-48th-state-feb-14-1912-234947 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Salt River Valley continued to develop.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

On August 30, 1971, Tempe was hit by a rare F2 [[tornado]] that injured 41 people, the most injuries recorded from a tornado in Arizona, and caused damage in upwards of $3 million. One indirect fatality occurred when a man died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] during the storm.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hardt |first1=Athia |title=Storm batters family's home into a shell |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic/23258134/ |access-date=October 2, 2023 |work=Arizona Republic |publisher=Central Newspapers Inc. |date=August 31, 1971 |pages=3 |archive-date=October 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024050019/https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic/23258134/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Narramore |first1=Jen |title=Tempe, AZ F2 Tornado - August 30, 1971 |url=https://www.tornadotalk.com/tempe-az-f2-tornado-august-30-1971/ |website=Tornado Talk |date=August 30, 2019 |access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref>

In the 20th and 21st centuries, Tempe has expanded as a suburb of Phoenix, and as a center of education and commerce.

==Geography==
Tempe is an [[inner suburb]], located between the core city of Phoenix and the rest of the East Valley. Due to this as well as being the home of the main campus of Arizona State University, Tempe has a fairly dense, urbanized development pattern in the northern part of the city especially in relation to the [[Valley Metro|Valley Metro Line]]. Going south, development becomes less dense, consisting of single-family homes, strip malls and lower-density office parks.

The [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]] runs west through the northern part of Tempe; part of the river is dammed in two places to create [[Tempe Town Lake]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the landlocked city has a total area of {{convert|40.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|40.1|sqmi|km2}}  is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}}  is water. The total area is 0.32% water, including [[Tempe Town Lake]]. The city of Tempe is bordered by [[Mesa, Arizona|Mesa]] to the east, [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]] and the [[Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community]] to the north, [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Guadalupe, Arizona|Guadalupe]] to the west, and [[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]] to the south.

Tempe is generally flat, except for [[Tempe Butte]] or Hayden Butte (generally known as A-Mountain for Arizona State University's "A" logo located on its south face), located next to [[Sun Devil Stadium]], Twin Buttes and Bell Butte on the western edge of Tempe, and the buttes within [[Papago Park]] at northwest corner of Tempe. Elevation ranges from {{convert|1140|ft|m}} at [[Tempe Town Lake]] to {{convert|1495|ft|m}} atop Hayden Butte.
{{wide image|Tempe Town Lake (3).jpg|700px|alt=Tempe cityscape from Tempe Town Lake|Tempe cityscape from Tempe Town Lake}}

===Climate===
Tempe experiences a  [[desert climate]] with a higher degree of [[diurnal temperature variation]] than neighboring Phoenix.

{{Weather box
|location = Tempe, Arizona, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 87
|Feb record high F = 92
|Mar record high F = 100
|Apr record high F = 105
|May record high F = 113
|Jun record high F = 119
|Jul record high F = 118
|Aug record high F = 119
|Sep record high F = 115
|Oct record high F = 112
|Nov record high F = 98
|Dec record high F = 88

|Jan avg record high F = 80.2
|Feb avg record high F = 83.2
|Mar avg record high F = 90.6
|Apr avg record high F = 98.0
|May avg record high F = 104.1
|Jun avg record high F = 110.5
|Jul avg record high F = 112.2
|Aug avg record high F = 110.8
|Sep avg record high F = 107.5
|Oct avg record high F = 100.7
|Nov avg record high F = 89.9
|Dec avg record high F = 79.9
|year avg record high F = 113.1

|Jan high F = 70.6
|Feb high F = 73.7
|Mar high F = 80.4
|Apr high F = 86.9
|May high F = 95.0
|Jun high F = 103.7
|Jul high F = 105.9
|Aug high F = 104.8
|Sep high F = 100.8
|Oct high F = 91.0
|Nov high F = 79.0
|Dec high F = 69.3
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 54.5
|Feb mean F = 57.3
|Mar mean F = 63.1
|Apr mean F = 68.9
|May mean F = 77.1
|Jun mean F = 85.3
|Jul mean F = 90.9
|Aug mean F = 89.9
|Sep mean F = 84.9
|Oct mean F = 73.6
|Nov mean F = 62.0
|Dec mean F = 53.5
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 38.5
|Feb low F = 40.9
|Mar low F = 45.9
|Apr low F = 50.9
|May low F = 59.1
|Jun low F = 67.0
|Jul low F = 75.8
|Aug low F = 75.1
|Sep low F = 68.9
|Oct low F = 56.3
|Nov low F = 45.1
|Dec low F = 37.7
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 30.5
|Feb avg record low F = 33.8
|Mar avg record low F = 37.8
|Apr avg record low F = 42.5
|May avg record low F = 51.4
|Jun avg record low F = 60.3
|Jul avg record low F = 68.7
|Aug avg record low F = 68.6
|Sep avg record low F = 60.3
|Oct avg record low F = 46.7
|Nov avg record low F = 36.0
|Dec avg record low F = 29.5
|year avg record low F = 27.4

|Jan record low F = 16
|Feb record low F = 19
|Mar record low F = 24
|Apr record low F = 30
|May record low F = 35
|Jun record low F = 45
|Jul record low F = 53
|Aug record low F = 52
|Sep record low F = 45
|Oct record low F = 26
|Nov record low F = 23
|Dec record low F = 20

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.04
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.12
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.96
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.23
|May precipitation inch = 0.18
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.06
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.99
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.30
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.71
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.61
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.65
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.95
|year precipitation inch = 8.80

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 4.4
|Feb precipitation days = 4.5
|Mar precipitation days = 3.3
|Apr precipitation days = 1.3
|May precipitation days = 1.2
|Jun precipitation days = 0.6
|Jul precipitation days = 3.7
|Aug precipitation days = 4.5
|Sep precipitation days = 2.9
|Oct precipitation days = 2.3
|Nov precipitation days = 2.0
|Dec precipitation days = 3.6

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00028499&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Tempe ASU, AZ
|access-date = April 30, 2023
|archive-date = April 30, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230430175155/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00028499&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=psr
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Phoenix
|access-date = April 30, 2023
|archive-date = July 7, 2022
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220707085315/https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=psr
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 135
|1890= 897
|1900= 885
|1910= 1473
|1920= 1963
|1930= 2495
|1940= 2906
|1950= 7684
|1960= 24897
|1970= 63550
|1980= 106919
|1990= 141865
|2000= 158945
|2010= 161719
|2020= 180587
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|access-date=June 4, 2016|publisher=Census.gov|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829184404/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

[[File:231021-2 downtown Tempe panorama.jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Tempe from Hayden Butte]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Tempe, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Tempe city, Arizona|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US0473000|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 19, 2024|archive-date=August 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830072049/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US0473000|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tempe city, Arizona|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0473000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 19, 2024|archive-date=August 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830072050/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?g=160XX00US0473000|url-status=live}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tempe city, Arizona|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0473000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 19, 2024|archive-date=August 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830072051/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?g=160XX00US0473000|url-status=live}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|110,517
|100,711
|style='background: #ffffe6; |97,651
|69.67%
|62.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |54.07%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|5,546
|9,021
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11,393
|3.50%
|5.58%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.31%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|2,678
|3,870
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,357
|1.69%
|2.39%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.41%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|7,405
|9,035
|style='background: #ffffe6; |17,169
|4.67%
|5.59%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |9.51%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|425
|618
|style='background: #ffffe6; |688
|0.27%
|0.38%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.38%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|244
|312
|style='background: #ffffe6; |939
|0.15%
|0.19%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.52%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|3,337
|4,060
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,692
|2.10%
|2.51%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.81%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|28,473
|34,092
|style='background: #ffffe6; |39,698
|17.95%
|21.08%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |21.98%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''158,625'''
|'''161,719'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''180,587'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the 2010 census, there were 161,719 people, 63,602 households, and 33,645 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|3,959.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 67,068 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,674.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 77.5% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 5.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 2.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 5.7% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.4% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 8.5% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.9% from two or more races. 21.2% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 63,602 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, 19.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 21.3% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,361, and the median income for a family was $55,237. Males had a median income of $36,406 versus $28,605 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $22,406. About 7.5% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

There is a [[Mexican Americans|Mexican-American]] community in Tempe centered around the neighboring town of Guadalupe.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mexicans in Tempe| isbn=9780738570563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmbDTsth4OEC&q=images+of+america+mexicans | last1=Vega | first1=Santos C. | date=September 27, 2023 | publisher=Arcadia }}</ref>

==Economy==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2009}}
[[File:Haydenferry.jpg|thumb|right|Hayden Ferry Lakeside development on the north end of Downtown Tempe]]
Tempe is the headquarters and executive office of one [[Fortune 500]] company: [[DriveTime]]. [[Benchmark Electronics]], [[Carvana]], [[GoDaddy]], [[NortonLifeLock]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Identity Theft Protection From ID & Credit Fraud – LifeLock |url=http://www.lifelock.com/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111113741/http://www.lifelock.com/about-us |archive-date=January 11, 2011 |access-date=April 21, 2016 |website=Lifelock.com }}</ref> [[First Solar]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertically Integrated Utility-Scale PV Power Solutions Provider – First Solar |url=http://www.firstsolar.com/ |access-date=April 21, 2016 |website=Firstsolar.com |archive-date=December 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202045736/http://www.firstsolar.com/purchase_modules.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Honeywell CEO resigns, will head Tempe-based First Solar |url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/tempe/articles/2009/09/03/20090903biz-honeywell0904.html |access-date=April 21, 2016 |website=Azcentral.com |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221919/http://www.azcentral.com/community/tempe/articles/2009/09/03/20090903biz-honeywell0904.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Salt River Project]], [[Circle K]], and Fulton Homes are also headquartered in Tempe. [[Cold Stone Creamery]] was originally headquartered in Tempe and location #0001 is still in operation today at 3330 S McClintock Drive in Tempe. Tempe prides itself in assisting burgeoning businesses and has a variety of resources and programs available, such as [https://www.tempe.gov/government/economic-development/small-business/fabric FABRiC] (Fashion and Business Resource Innovation Center) and [https://www.tempe.gov/government/economic-development/small-business/bric BRiC] (Business Resource and Innovation Center).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Small Business {{!}} City of Tempe, AZ |url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/economic-development/small-business |access-date=May 8, 2019 |website=www.tempe.gov |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425202040/https://www.tempe.gov/government/economic-development/small-business |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tempe is also home to the first and largest campus of [[Arizona State University]]. It was the longtime host of the [[Fiesta Bowl]] (1971–2006), where it hosted multiple national championship college football games. It then began hosting the [[Insight Bowl]] in December 2006, which remained through the January 2015 playing, when it was known as the [[Cactus Bowl]].

Tempe houses several performance venues including [[Gammage Auditorium]] and the [[Tempe Center for the Arts]].

Tempe Town Lake is home to many national and international events, such as Ironman Arizona and Rock n Roll Marathon. [[Gammage Auditorium]] was also the site of one of the three [[2004 United States presidential debates|Presidential debates in 2004]], and [[Super Bowl XXX]] was played at [[Sun Devil Stadium]]. Additionally, Tempe is the [[spring training]] host city of the [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]].

[[File:231105-6 Emerald Center.jpg|thumb|IKEA within the Emerald Center shopping mall, with [[South Mountains (Arizona)|South Mountain]] in the distance]]
One of Arizona's largest shopping malls, [[Arizona Mills]], sits near the border with the town of [[Guadalupe, Arizona|Guadalupe]]. The city is the location of the first [[IKEA]] branch in Arizona, also near the southern boundary. [[Tempe Marketplace]], a large open air mall featuring live music and water and laser shows, is located just southeast of [[Tempe Town Lake]]. Tempe can boast an array of wholesalers and manufacturers. [[Mill Avenue]], located just west of Hayden Butte, is a shopping and entertainment area in the city popular with pedestrians and students. With the completion of Tempe Town Lake, commercial and high-rise development along the reservoir quickly transformed the cityscape of Mill Avenue and the skyline of downtown Tempe.

===Top employers===
According to Tempe's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the financial year ending June 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive Annual Financial Report|url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/financial-services/open-book|access-date=April 8, 2020|website=www.tempe.gov}}</ref> the top employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! Employees
|-
|1
| [[Arizona State University]]
|8,010
|-
|2
|[[State Farm Insurance]]
|6,550
|-
|3
|Freedom Financial Network
|2,300
|-
|4
|[[JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association|JPMorgan Chase Bank National Association]]
|2,220
|-
|5
|ABM Industries Inc
|2,000
|-
|6
| City of Tempe
|1,983
|-
|7
|[[Honeywell]]
|1,540
|-
|8
|Total Events Management LLC
|1,040
|-
|9
|[[Wells Fargo]]
|1,030
|-
|10
| ADP Inc
|1,000
|-
|10
|Bank of the West
|1,000
|}

==Arts and culture==
{{Expand section|section|date=October 2010}}

===Tempe Center for the Arts===
[[File:Tempe SW03.jpg|thumb|Tempe Center for the Arts]]

Opened in September 2007, [[Tempe Center for the Arts]] (TCA) is a community crown jewel for performing and visual arts. The $65 million venue houses a state-of-the-art 600-seat theater, a 200-seat studio theater, a picturesque 200-seat multi-purpose space, a 3,500 square-foot art gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempecenterforthearts.com/about/welcome|title=Welcome &#124; Tempe Center for the Arts}}</ref>

===Tempe History Museum===
The Tempe History Museum explores local history through collections, research services, exhibits, and programs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/tempe-history-museum|title=Tempe History Museum &#124; City of Tempe, AZ|access-date=March 10, 2022|archive-date=March 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317045114/https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/tempe-history-museum|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Public art===
The Tempe Public Art Program coordinates artists with building designers to install permanent and temporary public art projects. Since 1988, more than 50 projects have been commissioned by the Tempe's Community Services Division. The Art in Private Development ordinance of 1991 has helped add more than 60 privately owned pieces of art to the city, accessible by the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/arts-culture-history/tempe-public-art|title=Tempe Public Art &#124; City of Tempe, AZ|access-date=April 27, 2020|archive-date=October 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022064132/https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/arts-culture-history/tempe-public-art|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Live music scene===
Tempe enjoyed a thriving alternative music scene throughout the 1980s and '90s, producing acts including as the [[Gin Blossoms]], [[Meat Puppets]], [[Dead Hot Workshop]], [[The Refreshments (U.S. band)|The Refreshments]], [[Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers]], [[Hans Olson]], [[The Maine (band)|The Maine]], and [[Injury Reserve]]. Historic dive-bar Yucca Tap Room, one of the last remaining 'small stage' venues that defined this era, continues to host nightly local live music.<ref>{{Cite web |title= The Danelle Project - Local Music Legacy |url= https://thedanelleproject.org/danelle-plaza-music-legacy |access-date= July 4, 2022 |archive-date= June 27, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230627054543/https://thedanelleproject.org/danelle-plaza-music-legacy/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Tempe Music Walk===
The Tempe Music Walk honors select bands, musicians and musical venues with plaques embedded in the sidewalk on Mill Avenue. Honorees are Walt Richardson, [[The Gin Blossoms]], [[Hans Olson]], and [[Long Wong's]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tempe's Music Walk |url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/communication-and-marketing/tempe-s-music-walk |website=City of Tempe |access-date=October 25, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Public libraries===
Tempe Public Library is the local library.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Tempe Public Library |url=http://www.tempe.gov/library/about/default.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127143009/http://www.tempe.gov/library/about/default.htm |archive-date=January 27, 2010 |access-date=January 11, 2010 |publisher=City of Tempe }}</ref> It is located adjacent to the Tempe History Museum.

===Tourism===
Many of the reasons people visit Tempe are places and events, such as [[P. F. Chang's China Bistro|P. F. Chang's]] Rock 'n' Roll Arizona [[Marathon]] & [[half marathon|1/2 Marathon]], Tempe Marketplace, Arizona Mills, Mill Avenue, and Tempe Town Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News from Tempe Convention & Visitors Bureau |url=http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102433538132/archive/1103426448394.html |access-date=January 22, 2013 |publisher=Archive.constantcontact.com |archive-date=May 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514023958/http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102433538132/archive/1103426448394.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Downtown Tempe |url=http://www.tempe.gov/business/overview/downtown_tempe.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729213716/http://www.tempe.gov/business/Overview/downtown_tempe.htm |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=November 6, 2010}}</ref>

The Tempe Tourism Office, located on Mill Avenue's downtown district, provides maps and additional information about hotels and upcoming city events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tempe Tourism Tempe, AZ Tourism Office – Welcome to Tempe! |url=http://www.tempetourism.com/ |access-date=April 21, 2016 |website=Tempe Tourism |archive-date=August 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830072229/https://www.tempetourism.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Historic properties===
{{Main|List of historic properties in Tempe, Arizona}}
There are numerous properties in the city of Tempe which are considered to be historical and have been included either in the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arizona (AZ), Maricopa County |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/az/Maricopa/state.html |access-date=April 21, 2016 |website=NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.com |publisher=American Dreams Inc. |archive-date=May 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516232225/http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/az/Maricopa/state.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File:Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe Arizona.jpg|thumb|right|Sun Devil Stadium]]
[[File:Tempe Diablo Stadium 2022.jpg|thumb|right|Tempe Diablo Stadium]]
From 1988 to 2005, [[Sun Devil Stadium]] hosted the [[National Football League]]'s [[Arizona Cardinals]] (they were known as the Phoenix Cardinals from 1988 to 1993). The Cardinals have since moved to [[State Farm Stadium]] in [[Glendale, Arizona|Glendale]] for games, but maintain their headquarters and training facility in Tempe. Many residents follow the teams in nearby [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and Glendale. (''For more information, read the [[Phoenix, Arizona#Sports|sports section]] on the [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix page]]'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arizona Cardinals Franchise |url=http://www.azcardinals.com/history/franchise.html |access-date=October 6, 2014 |website=The Official Site of the Arizona Cardinals |publisher=Arizona Cardinals |archive-date=November 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105212420/http://www.azcardinals.com/history/franchise.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Arizona State University]] [[Arizona State Sun Devils|Sun Devils]] compete in [[American football|football]], [[basketball]], [[baseball]], as well as a number of other sports in the [[Big 12 Conference|Big-12 Conference]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]. The Sun Devils football team plays their games at Sun Devil Stadium. Currently as a [[NCAA Division I independent schools (ice hockey)|Division I Independent program]], the [[Arizona State Sun Devils men's ice hockey|men's ice hockey team]] plays at 5,000-seat Mullett Arena. The Sun Devils' nearest rival is the [[University of Arizona]] Wildcats, in [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]]. The two teams compete in the "Duel in the Desert" for control of the [[Territorial Cup]]. Sun Devil Stadium had hosted the annual [[Fiesta Bowl]] until the 2007 game moved to State Farm Stadium.

The [[Los Angeles Angels]] have their spring training at [[Tempe Diablo Stadium]], a 9,785-seat ballpark built in 1968. The Angels moved to Tempe in 1993 from [[Palm Springs, California]].

The [[Arizona Coyotes]] began using Mullett Arena as their home venue for the 2022-23 National Hockey League season after struggling to find long-term arena agreements in the greater Phoenix area. This was seen as a short-term solution until a new arena was built. After several unsuccessful attempts at securing a new arena, the Coyotes ultimately played what would be their final two seasons at Mullett Arena before ceasing operations in 2024, and relocating to Salt Lake City, Utah.

The [[Arizona Hotshots]] of the [[Alliance of American Football]] played their one season in Tempe in early 2019. The league folded before the season was completed.

[[Rugby union]] is a developing sport in Tempe as well as in the [[Phoenix metropolitan area]].  The multiple clubs, ranging from [[Rugby union in the United States|men's and women's clubs]] to [[College rugby|collegiate]] and Under 19, are part of the [[Arizona Rugby Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arizona Rugby Union |url=http://www.arizonarugbyunion.com/ |access-date=January 22, 2013 |publisher=Arizona Rugby Union |archive-date=November 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122115026/http://arizonarugbyunion.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Notable clubs are Arizona State University Rugby Football Club and the Tempe "Old Devils" Rugby Club.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 21, 2004 |title=Rugby, E.V. style: No wimps allowed |work=[[East Valley Tribune]] |url=http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/article_d9319a74-3744-5053-a11d-67d25ba11e3d.html |access-date=August 19, 2010 |archive-date=December 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228142421/http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/article_d9319a74-3744-5053-a11d-67d25ba11e3d.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Parks and recreation==
Tempe is home to many outdoor activities. Tempe Town Lake is a publicly accessible lake that is run by City of Tempe. The lake provides recreation activities to residents and tourists, but also helps protect the surrounding area from flooding. The City of Tempe estimated that 2.7 million people visited the lake in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Tempe Town Lake |url=http://www.tempe.gov/city-hall/community-development/tempe-town-lake- |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005203509/http://www.tempe.gov/city-hall/community-development/tempe-town-lake- |archive-date=October 5, 2014 |access-date=October 6, 2014 |website=Tempe.gov |publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona }}</ref>

[[Papago Park]] and [[Tempe Butte]] Desert Preserves offer hiking, mountain and road biking, rock climbing, [[disc golf]], and equestrian activities. Tempe is also home to the annual [[Ironman Triathlon]], which takes place in late November.

[[File:231104-19 Kiwanis Park.jpg|thumb|Kiwanis Park, with downtown Tempe in the distance]]
Tempe has more than 50 neighborhood and community parks, including Kiwanis Park, Tempe Beach Park and Tempe Sports Complex.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parks |url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/parks |website=City of Tempe |access-date=October 24, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=January 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125090351/https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/parks |url-status=live }}</ref> Kiwanis Park contains [[Kiwanis Lake]], the only indoor wave pool in the Phoenix area, a gymnasium, a batting range, tennis courts, a fitness center, and classroom programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiwanis Recreation Center |url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/community-services/community-recreation-centers/kiwanis-recreation-center |website=City of Tempe |access-date=October 24, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Government==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* '''Mayor:''' Corey Woods
* '''Vice Mayor:''' Doreen Garlid
* '''City Manager:''' Rosa Inchausti
* '''Chief of Police:''' Kenneth McCoy
* '''Fire Chief:''' Darrel Duty
{{Col-break}}
* '''City Attorney:''' Eric Anderson
* '''City Council Members:''' Vice Mayor Doreen Garlid, Councilmembers Jennifer Adams, Nikki Amberg, Arlene Chin, Berdetta Hodge and Randy Keating.
{{Col-end}}

The city has had 33 mayors since 1894.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* 1894–1896: Fenn J. Hart
* 1896–1897: E.A. Murphy
* 1897–1902: John Knight
* 1902–1903: Samuel Brown
* 1903–1912: J.A. Dins
* 1912–1914: Joseph T. Birchett
* 1914–1916: George M. Frizzell
* 1916–1920: J.A. Dins
* 1920–1922: C.M. Woodward
* 1922–1924: Curt W. Miller
* 1924–1926: Garfield A. Goodwin
{{Col-break}}
* 1926–1928: J.L. Felton
* 1928–1930: Hugh E. Laird
* 1930–1932: Thanks Anderson
* 1932–1934: F.E. Ostrander
* 1934–1937: Thanks Anderson
* 1937–1948: W.W. Cole
* 1948–1960: Hugh E. Laird
* 1960–1961: Clyde Gililland
* 1961–1962: Ross R. Rice
* 1962–1963: Bernard R. Caine
* 1963–1964: Harold Andrews
{{Col-break}}
* 1964–1966: John C. Moeur
* 1966–1968: Rudy E. Campbell
* 1968–1970: Elmer Bradley
* 1970–1974: Dale R. Shumway
* 1974–1978: William J. LoPiano
* 1978–1994: [[Harry Mitchell]]
* 1994–2004: [[Neil Giuliano]]
* 2004–2012: [[Hugh Hallman]]
* 2012–2020: Mark Mitchell
* 2020–present: [[Corey Woods (mayor)|Corey Woods]]
{{Col-end}}

Tempe is in Arizona's 9th Congressional District, served by [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[Greg Stanton]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|(D)]].

==Education==
Tempe is served by multiple [[school district]]s. Most of Tempe is within the [[Tempe Elementary School District]] and the [[Tempe Union High School District]]; however, other portions are served by the [[Kyrene School District]] (K–8), [[Scottsdale Unified School District]] (K–12), and [[Mesa Public Schools]] (K–12). [[James Madison Preparatory School]] and [[Tempe Preparatory Academy]] are also located in the area.

Emmanuel Lutheran School is a Christian Pre-K–8 grade school of the [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]] in Tempe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elstempe.org/|title=Emmanuel Lutheran School}}</ref>

Tempe also contains one of the state's three major universities, [[Arizona State University]], the [[Maricopa County Community College District]] administrative offices and the headquarters of [[Rio Salado Community College]]. Arizona State University is known for its numerous studies and innovations, particularly in the field of science which include furthering the knowledge of certain cancers, business management research, and population science.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Truong |first1=Danh |last2=Fiorelli |first2=Roberto |last3=Barrientos |first3=Eric S. |last4=Melendez |first4=Ernesto Luna |last5=Sanai |first5=Nader |last6=Mehta |first6=Shwetal |last7=Nikkhah |first7=Mehdi |date=April 15, 2019 |title=A three-dimensional (3D) organotypic microfluidic model for glioma stem cells – Vascular interactions |journal=Biomaterials |volume=198 |pages=63–77 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.048 |issn=0142-9612 |pmc=6353712 |pmid=30098794}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gomez-Mejia |first1=Luis R. |last2=Neacsu |first2=Ionela |last3=Martin |first3=Geoffrey |date=April 6, 2019 |title=CEO Risk-Taking and Socioemotional Wealth: The Behavioral Agency Model, Family Control, and CEO Option Wealth |journal=Journal of Management |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=1713–1738 |doi=10.1177/0149206317723711 |issn=0149-2063 |s2cid=148857590}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheehan |first=Connor M. |date=March 30, 2019 |title=Education and Health Conditions Among the Currently Incarcerated and the Non-incarcerated Populations |journal=Population Research and Policy Review |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=73–93 |doi=10.1007/s11113-018-9496-y |pmid=36860891 |pmc=9974178 |issn=0167-5923 |s2cid=158803018}}</ref> Tempe is also the home of several other schools, including the [[University of Phoenix]], [[Brookline College]], Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, [[Southwest Institute of Healing Arts]], [[Bryan University]] and Lamson Junior College.

==Media==
* Tempe 11, a local access channel, found on Cox Cable Channel 11.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tempe.gov/government/communication-and-media-relations/tempe-11|title=Tempe 11 &#124; City of Tempe, AZ}}</ref>
* KJZZ, an NPR station, is located in Tempe at Rio Salado College.
* [[KBAQ]], a 24/7 member-supported classical radio station, is the only such service in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Sun Sounds, a radio station for the blind, is also located there.
* Tempe Tribune and Times Media Group have offices in Tempe.
Tempe Independent covers Tempe

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Metropolitan Phoenix freeways}}
[[File:Tempe SW01.jpg|thumb|A Tempe station of Valley Metro light rail]]
[[File:Tempe Town Lake (2).jpg|thumb|right|Mill Avenue bridges over Tempe Town Lake at night]]
Tempe is one of the most densely populated cities in the state and serves as a crossroads for the area's largest communities.

Freeways make up the major transportation system for the Valley. Included in the [[Metropolitan Phoenix Freeways|system]] surrounding Tempe are [[Interstate 10 (Arizona)|Interstate 10]] near the western edge as it traverses the [[Broadway Curve]], [[State Route 202 (Arizona)|Loop 202]] crossing the northern side, [[State Route 101 (Arizona)|Loop 101]] following the eastern border, and [[U.S. Route 60 (Arizona)|U.S. Route 60]] running east–west through the center of the city.

[[Valley Metro]] operates bus routes and the [[Valley Metro Rail]] system that serves Downtown Tempe and [[Arizona State University]], providing service to [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] and [[Mesa, Arizona|Mesa]]. The City of Tempe operates a free neighborhood circulator service called Orbit involving five free shuttle routes near [[Arizona State University]] that operate on a regular basis seven days a week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neighborhood Circulator Expansion |url=http://www.tempe.gov/TIM/Bus/NeighborhoodCirculatorExpansion.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509194235/http://www.tempe.gov/tim/Bus/NeighborhoodCirculatorExpansion.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |access-date=July 23, 2008 |website=Tempe.gov |publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona}}</ref> Three other FLASH (Free Local Area Shuttle) circulate in northern Tempe around the university. Tempe residents and commuters make extensive use of public transit and service is offered on a more frequent basis than elsewhere in the greater Phoenix valley, or in the entire state. Most Tempe buses offer 15 minute service during rush hour and 30 minute service throughout the rest of the day.

[[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport]], located {{convert|2|mi|km}} northwest of Tempe, provides extensive air service to points throughout [[North America]] and to [[London]], England, and various cities in [[Hawaii]].

[[Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport]] is located in Mesa, and offers air service to many additional destinations.

Tempe is one of the few cities in the United States to permit [[robotaxi|self-driving taxis]]. [[Waymo]] currently offers service within most parts of the city as well as certain other portions of the Valley. In 2018, Tempe was the location of the first reported killing of a pedestrian by a self-driving car, when [[Death of Elaine Herzberg|Elaine Herzberg]] was struck and killed by a car owned by [[Uber]] that was operating in autonomous mode. The incident caused Uber to suspend its self-driving car program nationwide, and its permit to operate in Arizona was revoked.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self-driving Uber kills Arizona woman in first fatal crash |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/19/uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe |access-date=March 21, 2018 |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 19, 2018 |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726084818/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/19/uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tempe is home to the nation's first zero-driving community called Culdesac Tempe which opened in 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Conor |date=October 31, 2020 |title=The Capital of Sprawl Gets a Radically Car-Free Neighborhood |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/31/business/culdesac-tempe-phoenix-sprawl.html |access-date=November 7, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830072603/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/31/business/culdesac-tempe-phoenix-sprawl.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bliss|first=Laura|date=September 8, 2021|title=Developers Offer Mobility Services to Lure Car-Free Renters|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-08/paying-rent-will-get-you-wheels-in-new-car-free-complex?srnd=citylab-transportation|access-date=November 7, 2021|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107170834/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-08/paying-rent-will-get-you-wheels-in-new-car-free-complex?srnd=citylab-transportation|url-status=live}}</ref>  The $170 million development project will contain 761 apartments, housing 1,000 residents and 16,000 square feet of retail, serving as a form of [[Infill|infill development]] in the city as it is being built on a vacant 17-acre lot.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />  In this community, residents are contractually forbidden from parking a vehicle within a quarter mile radius of the area.<ref name=":1" /> Prices to live in Culdesac Tempe are projected to be similar to rent prices in the rest of the area and discounted [[public transport]] services are included in the monthly rent to allow for residents to travel to other places.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==Notable people==
[[File:Phillip Darrell Duppa.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Phillip Darrell Duppa]] is credited with giving Tempe its name.]]

{{See also|List of Arizona State University alumni}}
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• Alphabetical by last name please, within the appropriate category
• All others will be deleted without further explanation END OF NOTICE -->
* [[Albert Alan]] – financial literacy advocate and author, born in Tempe<ref>Carol Ann Alaimo,{{cite web|url=https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/once-homeless-man-to-receive-degrees-at-friday-s-ua/article_e0e5cafd-2eb0-55ca-bf4c-ce3542203fa7.html|title=Once homeless man to receive 3 degrees at Friday's UA commencement|publisher=tucson.com|date=May 12, 2017|accessdate=January 19, 2024|archive-date=November 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119171400/https://tucson.com/news/local/education/college/once-homeless-man-to-receive-degrees-at-friday-s-ua/article_e0e5cafd-2eb0-55ca-bf4c-ce3542203fa7.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Steven Anderson (pastor)|Steven Anderson]] – pastor of [[Faithful Word Baptist Church]]
* [[Jules Asner]] – television personality, model, author<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jules Asner (Author of Whacked) |url=http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1246620.Jules_Asner |website=GoodReads.com |quote=...born Julie Ann White in Tempe, Arizona.... She began her career as an Elite model. |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206082907/http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1246620.Jules_Asner |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Roger Clyne]] – musician<ref name="PNT1">{{Cite web |last=Leatherman |first=Benjamin |date=August 6, 2014 |title=The 15 Biggest Rock Stars Who Live in Arizona |url=http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2014/08/biggest_arizona_rock_stars.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808164253/http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2014/08/biggest_arizona_rock_stars.php |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2014 |website=Phoenix New Times}}</ref>
* [[Norman Dubie]] – poet
* [[Gabe Freeman]] – professional basketball player<ref name="scout.com">{{Cite web |title=Gabe Freeman profile |url=http://scouthoops.scout.com/a.z?s=75&p=9&c=2&cid=200271&nid=720783&fhn=1&ssf=1&RequestedURL=http%3a%2f%2fscouthoops.scout.com%2fa.z%3fs%3d75%26p%3d9%26c%3d2%26cid%3d200271%26nid%3d720783%26fhn%3d1 |access-date=March 24, 2013 |website=scout.com |archive-date=April 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414104846/http://scouthoops.scout.com/a.z?s=75&p=9&c=2&cid=200271&nid=720783&fhn=1&ssf=1&RequestedURL=http%3A%2F%2Fscouthoops.scout.com%2Fa.z%3Fs%3D75&p=9&c=2&cid=200271&nid=720783&fhn=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Grady Gammage]] – educator, president of [[Northern Arizona University|NAU]] and, after, [[Arizona State University|ASU]]
* [[Gin Blossoms]] – rock band
* [[Margaret Gisolo]] – baseball pioneer, dance educator
* [[Mary Green (settler)|Mary Green]] – first Black property owner in Tempe
* [[Carl T. Hayden]] – United States [[U.S. Senate|Senator]] for Arizona, and its first Representative in the [[United States House of Representatives|House]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=HAYDEN, Carl Trumbull, (1877–1972) |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226181727/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000385 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=September 6, 2014 |publisher=United States Congress}}</ref>
* [[Katie Hobbs]] – 24th and current governor of Arizona since 2023
* [[Injury Reserve]] - hip hop group
* [[Joe Jackson (linebacker, born 1976)|Joe Jackson]] –  professional football player
* [[Frank Kush]] – college football coach
* [[Ryan Maifield]] - Professional R/C Car Driver
* [[Aaron McCreary]] – college baseball, basketball and football coach
* [[The Meat Puppets]] – rock band
* [[Harry Mitchell|Harry E. Mitchell]] – former [[U.S. Representative]]
* [[Paul "P.H." Naffah]] – musician
* [[Mike Pollak]] – professional football player
* [[Psychostick]] – comedy rock band
* [[John Howard Pyle|John H. Pyle]] – [[Governor of Arizona]] from 1951 to 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pyle, John Howard (1906–1987) |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/putney-pyscher.html |access-date=November 18, 2012 |publisher=The Political Graveyard |archive-date=October 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018190215/http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/putney-pyscher.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[The Refreshments (American band)|The Refreshments]] – alternative rock band
* [[Alberto Ríos]] – poet
* [[Charli Turner Thorne]] – college basketball coach

==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{SisterCities|Tempe|11}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |url=http://www.tempesistercity.org |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423103521/http://www.tempesistercities.org/meet-our-sister-cites |archive-date=April 23, 2015 |access-date=February 1, 2017 |website=TempeSisterCity.org}}</ref>
: {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Beaulieu-sur-Mer]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]], [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], France
: {{flagdeco|IRL}} [[Carlow]], [[County Carlow|Carlow]], Ireland
: {{flagdeco|NZL}} [[Lower Hutt]], New Zealand
: {{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Regensburg]], [[Bavaria]], Germany
: {{flagdeco|NMK}} [[Skopje]], North Macedonia<ref name="Skopje twinnings">{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Skopje – Twin towns & Sister cities |url=http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=69 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024131101/http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=69 |archive-date=October 24, 2013 |access-date=November 4, 2013 |website=Official portal of City of Skopje |publisher=Grad Skopje}}</ref>
: {{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Zhenjiang]], [[Jiangsu]], China
: {{flagdeco|MLI}} [[Timbuktu]], Mali
: {{flagdeco|ECU}} [[Cuenca, Ecuador|Cuenca]], Ecuador
: {{flagdeco|PER}} [[Cuzco]], Peru
: {{flagdeco|SWE}} [[Trollhättan]], Sweden
: {{flagdeco|IND}} [[Agra|Agra City]], India<!-- I know it's weird it says "Agra City" not "Agra", but I did that because it is written that way in the source -->

The newest sister city is Agra City, India, since 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |url=http://www.tempesistercities.org/meet-our-sister-cites/ |access-date=April 8, 2020 |website=www.tempesistercities.org |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531232627/https://tempesistercities.org/meet-our-sister-cites/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Arizona}}
* [[List of historic properties in Tempe, Arizona]]
* [[List of historic properties in Glendale, Arizona]]
* [[List of historic properties in Chandler, Arizona]]
* [[List of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona]]
* [[Double Butte Cemetery]]
* [[List of sundown towns in the United States]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* Smith, Jared. ''The African American Experience in Tempe'' (Tempe History Museum and African American Advisory Committee, 2013).
* Sweeney, Jennifer. From" Open Country" to" Open Space": Park Planning, Rapid Growth and Community Identity in Tempe, Arizona, 1949–1975. (MA Thesis. Arizona State University, 2019), bibliography pp 121–140 [https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/216685/content/Sweeney_asu_0010N_18705.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308072944/https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/216685/content/Sweeney_asu_0010N_18705.pdf |date=March 8, 2021 }}
* Solliday, Scott. ''Tempe Post-World War II Context Study'' (December 2001. Archived on City of Tempe Web site. [http://164.50.248.38/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=5397 online]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Stephenson, Gregory. ''Tempe, Du Stadt Meiner Träume:'' Studies in Psychogeography. Ober-Limbo Verlag, 2020.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Tempe}}
* [http://www.tempe.gov/ Official government website]
* [http://tempe.azcentral.com/ Tempe news, sports and things to do from The Tempe Republic newspaper]
* [http://www.tempetourism.com Official Tempe Tourism website]
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Tempe}}
* [http://www.neighborhoodlink.com/places/neighborhoods/Tempe_AZ List of Tempe Neighborhoods]
* {{Cite web |date=December 2016 |title=Tempe, Arizona |url=https://www.c-span.org/series/?citiesTour&city=246 |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] Cities Tour}}

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[[Category:Tempe, Arizona| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1865]]
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