Editing Television Act 1954

{{Short description|United Kingdom legislation creating ITV}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Television Act 1954<ref name=st>The short title as conferred by section 20 of the act was "Television Act, 1954"; the modern convention for the citation of [[short title]]s omits the comma after the word "Act".</ref>
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act to make provision for television broadcasting services in addition to those provided by the British Broadcasting Corporation, and to set up a special authority for that purpose; to make provision as to the constitution, powers, duties and financial resources of that authority and as to the position and obligations of persons contracting with that authority for the provision of programmes and parts of programmes; and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid.
| year                  = 1954
| citation              = [[2 & 3 Eliz. 2]]. c. 55
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = {{ubl|[[England and Wales]]|[[Scotland]]|[[Northern Ireland]]}}
| royal_assent          = 30 July 1954
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = [[Television Act 1964]]
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = repealed
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9wuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA481
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = {{visible anchor|Television Act 1954 (Isle of Man) Order 1957}}
| type                  = Statutory Instrument
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year                  = 1957
| citation              = [[SI 1957]]/602
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| si_made_date          = 5 April 1957
| si_laid_date          = 
| commencement          = 5 April 1957
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| primary_legislation   = Television Act 1954
| eu_directives         = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = [[Television Act 1964 (Isle of Man) Order 1965]]
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = revoked
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = {{visible anchor|Television Act 1954 (Channel Islands) Order 1961}}
| type                  = Statutory Instrument
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year                  = 1961
| citation              = [[SI 1961]]/2039
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| si_made_date          = 
| si_laid_date          = 
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| primary_legislation   = Television Act 1954
| eu_directives         = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = [[Television Act 1964 (Channel Islands) Order 1964]]
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = revoked
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}

The '''Television Act 1954'''<ref name=st/> ([[2 & 3 Eliz. 2]]. c. 55) was a British law which permitted the creation of the first commercial [[television]] network in the [[United Kingdom]], [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]].

Until the early 1950s, the only television service in Britain was operated as a monopoly by the [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]], and financed by the annual [[television licence]] fee payable by each household which contained one or more television sets. The new [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] government elected [[1951 United Kingdom general election|in 1951]] wanted to create a [[commercial television]] channel, but this was a controversial subject—the only other examples of commercial television were to be found in the [[United States]], and it was widely considered that the commercial television found there was "vulgar".

The solution to the problem was to create the [[Independent Television Authority]] which would closely regulate the new commercial channel in the interests of good taste, and award franchises to commercial companies for fixed terms.

The first commercial franchises were awarded in 1954, and commercial television started broadcasting in stages between 1955 and 1962. The first advertisement aired by ITV promoted [[Gibbs SR]] toothpaste at 8:12pm on 22 September 1955. Household cleaners were the most frequently advertised products over the 1955–1960 period.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

The act was extended to the [[Isle of Man]] by the '''{{visible anchor|Television Act 1954 (Isle of Man) Order 1957}}''' ([[SI 1957]]/602) and to the [[Channel Islands]] by the '''{{visible anchor|Television Act 1954 (Channel Islands) Order 1961}}''' ([[SI 1961]]/2039).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |last=Lloyd |first=Dennis |title=Some Comments on the British Television Act, 1954 |journal=Law and Contemporary Problems |volume=23 |issue=1 |date=1958 |pages=165–174 |doi=10.2307/1190268 |jstor=1190268}}
* {{cite web |url=https://transdiffusion.org/tag/1954_television_act/ |title=1954 Television Act |website=Transdiffusion}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1954]]
[[Category:ITV (TV network)]]
[[Category:1954 in British television]]
[[Category:Media legislation]]
[[Category:BBC]]
[[Category:History of television in the United Kingdom]]