Editing Television (band)

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{short description|American rock band}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Television
| image             = Television, US rock band (1977 Elektra publicity photo).jpg
| landscape         = yes
| alt               = Photograph of four men posed standing against a wall
| caption           = Television in 1977. Left to right: [[Billy Ficca]], [[Richard Lloyd (guitarist)|Richard Lloyd]], [[Tom Verlaine]], [[Fred Smith (bassist)|Fred Smith]]
| background        = group_or_band
| origin            = New York City, New York, U.S.
| genre             = <!-- In order to add genres to an infobox, they must be cited in-article by reputable sources. These are all sourced and please discuss any planned changes on talk page. -->{{flatlist|
* [[Art punk]]{{sfn|Meagher|2015}}
* [[New wave music|new wave]]<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web|website=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/18/arts/old-and-new-acts-ignite-a-folk-rock-comeback.html|date=18 September 1983|title=OLD AND NEW ACTS IGNITE A FOLK-ROCK COMEBACK|access-date=4 May 2023|author=[[Jon Pareles]]}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/marquee-moon-mt0011704698|title = Marquee Moon - Television &#124; Song Info &#124; AllMusic| website=[[AllMusic]] }}</ref>
* [[art rock]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Attie |first1=Eli |title=Rhino, Getting With the Television Program |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/2003/10/05/rhino-getting-with-the-television-program/3a22e4b4-e08a-4bf0-a925-93a7fa060b07/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref>
* {{nowrap|[[proto-punk]]}}{{sfn|Murray|2015}}
}}
| years_active      = {{flatlist|
* 1973–1978
* 1991–1993 
* 2001–2023
}}
| label             = {{flatlist|
* ORK
* [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
* [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
* [[ROIR]]
}}
| associated_acts   = {{flatlist|
* [[Neon Boys]]
* [[The Heartbreakers]]
* [[Richard Hell and the Voidoids]]
* [[The Waitresses]]
}}
| current_members   = 
| past_members      = *[[Billy Ficca]]
*[[Fred Smith (bassist)|Fred Smith]]
*[[Jimmy Rip]]
*[[Richard Lloyd (guitarist)|Richard Lloyd]]
*[[Richard Hell]]
*[[Tom Verlaine]]
}}

'''Television''' was an American [[rock music|rock]] band formed in [[New York City]] in 1973. The group's most prominent lineup consisted of [[Tom Verlaine]] (vocals, guitar), [[Richard Lloyd (guitarist)|Richard Lloyd]] (guitar), [[Billy Ficca]] (drums), and [[Fred Smith (bassist)|Fred Smith]] (bass). An early fixture of [[CBGB]] and the [[Punk rock#New York City|1970s New York rock scene]], the band is considered influential in the development of [[punk rock|punk]] and [[alternative rock]].<ref name="rollingstone.com">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/television/biography|title=Television Bio|date=2017|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=September 20, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044455/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/television/biography|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref>{{sfn|Simpson|2013}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/television-mn0000019701/biography|title=Television|last=Erlewine ST|website=AllMusic}}</ref>

Although they recorded in a stripped-down, [[guitar]]-based manner similar to their punk contemporaries, Television's music was by comparison clean, improvisational, and technically proficient, drawing influence from [[jazz]] and 1960s rock.<ref name="rollingstone.com"/>{{sfn|Schinder|Schwartz|2008|page=541}} The group's 1977 debut album, ''[[Marquee Moon]]'', is considered one of the defining releases of the punk era.

== History ==

=== Early history and formation ===

Television's roots can be traced to the teenage friendship between [[Tom Verlaine]] and [[Richard Hell]]. The duo met at [[Sanford School]] in [[Hockessin, Delaware]], from which they ran away.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|page=18}} Both moved to New York, separately, in the early 1970s, aspiring to be poets.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|page=25}}

Their first group together was the [[Neon Boys]], consisting of Verlaine on guitar and vocals, Hell on bass and vocals and [[Billy Ficca]] on drums.{{sfn|Wallace|Manitoba|2007|page=254}} The group lasted from late 1972 to March 11, 1973. A 7-inch record featuring "That's All I Know (Right Now)" and "Love Comes in Spurts" was released in 1980.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|page=103}}

On March 12, 1973, the group reformed, calling themselves Television and recruiting [[Richard Lloyd (guitarist)|Richard Lloyd]] as a second guitarist. The name, devised by Hell, was a pun on 'tell a vision' as well as a reference to reclaiming the dominant media of the era.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Elizabeth |date=2022-04-13 |title=Lightning Struck Itself: Television's 'Marquee Moon' in Eight Phases |url=https://www.theringer.com/music/2022/4/13/23022787/television-marquee-moon-tom-verlaine-richard-hell |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=The Ringer |language=en}}</ref> Their first gig was at the Townhouse Theatre, on March 2, 1974.<ref name="The Wonder">{{cite web |url=http://www.thewonder.co.uk/facts/gigs.htm |title=The Wonder – Tom Verlaine, Television and Stuff: Television Gigs – Gigography |website=The Wonder |access-date=December 25, 2014 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706071448/http://www.thewonder.co.uk/facts/gigs.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their manager, [[Terry Ork]], persuaded [[CBGB]] owner [[Hilly Kristal]] to give the band a regular gig at his club,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noclass.co.uk/hilly.html|title=Hilly Kristal|work=Interview|publisher=No Class Now|access-date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> where they reportedly constructed their first stage. After playing several gigs at CBGB in early 1974,{{sfn|Waterman|2011|page=63}} they played at [[Max's Kansas City]] and other clubs, returning to CBGB in January 1975,<ref name="The Wonder"/> where they established a significant cult following.

=== Departure of Richard Hell and debut release ===

Initially, songwriting was split almost equally between Hell and Verlaine, Lloyd being an infrequent contributor as well.{{sfn|Thompson|2000|page=683}} However, friction began to develop as Verlaine, Lloyd, and Ficca became increasingly confident and adept with both instruments and composition, while Hell remained defiantly untrained in his approach. Verlaine, feeling that Hell's frenzied onstage demeanor was upstaging his songs, reportedly told him to "stop jumping around" during the songs{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} and occasionally refused to play Hell's songs, such as "[[Blank Generation (song)|Blank Generation]]", in concert. This conflict, as well as one of their songs being picked up by [[Island Records]], led Hell to leave the group and take some of his songs with him.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|pp=95–101}} He co-founded [[the Heartbreakers]] in 1975 with former [[New York Dolls]] [[Johnny Thunders]] and [[Jerry Nolan]], later forming [[The Voidoids|Richard Hell and the Voidoids]].{{sfn|Wallace|Manitoba|2007|page=55}} [[Fred Smith (bassist)|Fred Smith]], briefly of [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]], replaced Hell as Television's bassist.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|pp=108–109}}

Television made their vinyl debut in 1975 with "Little Johnny Jewel" (Parts One and Two), a 7-inch single on the independent label Ork Records, owned by their manager, Terry Ork. Lloyd apparently disagreed with the selection of this song, preferring "O Mi Amore" for their debut, to the extent that he seriously considered leaving the band.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|p=13}} Reportedly [[Pere Ubu (band)|Pere Ubu]] guitarist [[Peter Laughner]] auditioned for his spot during this time.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|p=17}}

=== ''Marquee Moon'', ''Adventure'' and break-up (1977–78) ===

Television's first album, ''[[Marquee Moon]]'', was received positively by music critics and audiences, and although failing to enter the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart, it exceeded commercial expectations in Europe, reaching the top 30 in the [[Official Charts Company|United Kingdom]] and Sweden. Upon its initial release in 1977, Roy Trakin wrote in the ''SoHo Weekly'' "forget everything you've heard about Television, forget [[punk music|punk]], forget New York, forget CBGB's ... hell, forget rock and roll—this is the real item."{{sfn|Trakin|1977}} Stephen Thomas Erlewine of [[AllMusic]] writes that the album was "revolutionary" and composed "entirely of tense [[garage rock]]ers that spiral into heady intellectual territory, which is achieved through the group's long, interweaving instrumental sections."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/marquee-moon-mw0000193524 |title=''Marquee Moon'' – Television – Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards|last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref>

Television's second album, ''[[Adventure (Television album)|Adventure]]'', was recorded and released in 1978.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|p=x}}{{sfn|Emerson|1978}} Softer and more reflective than their debut album, ''Adventure'' was well received by critics despite modest sales. The members' independent and strongly held artistic visions, along with Lloyd's drug abuse and lack of commercial success,{{sfn|Heylin|2005|p=270}} led to the band's break-up in July 1978. Both Lloyd and Verlaine pursued solo careers, while Ficca became the drummer for the new wave band [[the Waitresses]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Huey|first1=Steve|title=The Waitresses {{!}} Biography & History {{!}} AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-waitresses-mn0000585210/biography|website=AllMusic|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref>

=== Final years ===
Television reformed in 1992, released [[Television (Television album)|a self-titled third album]] and have performed live sporadically thereafter.{{sfn|Thompson|2000|p=684}} After being wooed back on stage together for the 2001 [[All Tomorrow's Parties (music festival)|All Tomorrow's Parties]] festival at [[Camber Sands]], England, they played a number of dates around the world on an irregular basis.

[[File:Television.jpg|thumb|Television performing in 2014]]
In 2007, Lloyd announced he would be amicably leaving the band after a midsummer show in New York City's [[Central Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richardlloyd.com/news.htm |title=Richard Lloyd – Matters: News |last=Lloyd |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Lloyd (guitarist) |website=richardlloyd.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424082045/http://www.richardlloyd.com/news.htm |archive-date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Due to an extended hospital stay recovering from pneumonia, he was unable to make the Central Park concert. [[Jimmy Rip]] substituted for him that day and was subsequently asked to join the band full-time in Lloyd's place. On July 7, 2011, the new lineup performed at the Beco 203 music festival in São Paulo, Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.setlist.fm/setlist/television/2011/beco-203-sp-sao-paulo-brazil-33d35c39.html |title=Television Concert Setlist at Beco 203, São Paulo on July 7, 2011|website=Setlist.fm |access-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> In an MTV Brazil interview, the band confirmed that an album with about ten new tracks was close to being finished, but as of 2023, that album has not surfaced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mtv.uol.com.br/programas/bigaudio/videos/big-audio-83-especial-dia-mundial-do-rock-com-television|title=Big Audio - Big Audio # 83 - Especial dia mundial do Rock com Television - 13/07/2011|date=July 13, 2011|access-date=January 28, 2023|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318121010/http://mtv.uol.com.br/programas/bigaudio/videos/big-audio-83-especial-dia-mundial-do-rock-com-television|archive-date=March 18, 2012}}</ref> In the 2010s, the band kept on touring performing ''Marquee Moon'' in its entirety; they notably did European tours in 2014 and 2016.<ref>{{cite web|lang=it|url=https://www.ondarock.it/news.php?id=2746|title=I Television a Milano suoneranno tutto "Marquee Moon"|publisher=ondarock.it|date=2014-01-10|access-date=2023-01-29}}<br />{{cite news|lang=it|url=https://www.rtl.it/notizie/articoli/television-marquee-moon-e-un-album-senza-tempo-grazie-alla-sua-semplicita/|title=I Television a Milano suoneranno tutto "Marquee Moon"|newspaper=rtl.it|date=2016-03-22|access-date=2023-01-29}}<br />{{cite web|lang=fr|url=https://www.telerama.fr/musique/john-cale-dejoue-le-velvet-et-ses-fantomes-a-la-philharmonie-de-paris,140560.php|title=fantômes à la Philharmonie de Parisp|publisher=telerama.fr|date=2016-04-04|access-date=2023-01-29|quote=Next to the Velvet Underground exhibition, two concerts were face to face this weekend reminding rock to its souvenirs. Television played his classic ''Marquee Moon'' without warmth (''En marge de l'expo Velvet Underground, deux concerts confrontaient ce week-end le rock à sa mémoire. Television a rejoué sans chaleur son classique “Marquee Moon”''}}</ref> In New York in October 2015, the band performed a four-song show that lasted an hour: ''[[Village Voice]]'' reviewed it saying the highlight of the set was a new number "Persia", dubbing it "a pulsing, rhythmic exploration lasting close to 20 minutes, to which each member of the band contributed in equal strength".<ref>{{cite web|first=Caryn |last=Rose|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2015/10/09/television-thrill-brooklyns-house-of-vans-with-20-minute-soundscape/|title=Television Thrill Brooklyn's House of Vans With 20-Minute Soundscape|publisher=Village Voice|date=2015-10-09|access-date=2023-01-29}}</ref>

Verlaine died on January 28, 2023, at the age of 73.<ref>{{cite news|last=Keepnews|first=Peter|date=January 28, 2023|title=Tom Verlaine, Influential Guitarist and Songwriter, Dies at 73|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/28/arts/music/tom-verlaine-dead.html|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230128222834/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/28/arts/music/tom-verlaine-dead.html|archive-date=January 28, 2023|access-date=January 28, 2023|url-access=limited}}</ref> In February 2025, a fourth album was announced, made from recording sessions in December 2007.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[David Fricke]] |date=February 27, 2025|title=Television's Unreleased Fourth Album Unveiled! |url=https://www.mojo4music.com/articles/stories/televisions-unreleased-fourth-album-unveiled/ |website=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]}}</ref>

==Artistry==
=== Musical style and influences ===
Television are contemporarily regarded as an [[art punk]] band. The band broke from standard rock convention by omitting [[blues]] influence and instead incorporating elements of [[jazz]], while retaining the "raw energy" that was influenced by [[garage rock]]. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of ''[[AllMusic]]'', "With its angular rhythms and fluid leads, Television's music always went in unconventional directions."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Erlewine |first1=Stephen Thomas |title=Television Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/television-mn0000019701#biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> 

As with many emerging punk bands, [[the Velvet Underground]] was a strong influence.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|pp=22–24}} Television also drew inspiration from [[minimalism|minimalist]] composers such as [[Steve Reich]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://classicalbumsundays.com/album-of-the-month-television-marquee-moon/|title=The Story of Television 'Marquee Moon'|last=Murphy C|date=2014|website=Classic Album Sundays|access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> Tom Verlaine has often cited the influence of surf bands [[the Ventures]] and [[Dick Dale]] on Television's approach to the guitar, and he has also expressed a fondness for the bands [[Love (band)|Love]] and [[Buffalo Springfield]], two groups noted for their dual-guitar interplay. Television's ties to punk were underscored by their late '60s [[garage rock]] leanings; the band often covered the [[Count Five]]'s "[[Psychotic Reaction]]" and [[the 13th Floor Elevators]]' "Fire Engine" in concert.{{sfn|Waterman|2011|p=95}}

[[Lester Bangs]] heard in Television's music the influence of [[Quicksilver Messenger Service]], noting a similarity between Verlaine's guitar playing and [[John Cipollina]]'s.{{sfn|Bangs|1979}} Tom Verlaine has downplayed the comparison, citing The Ventures as a more apt reference point.{{sfn|Wizon|1992}}

===Instrumentation===
Though Verlaine and Lloyd were nominally "[[rhythm guitar|rhythm]]" and "[[lead guitar|lead]]" guitarists, they often rendered such labels obsolete by crafting interlocking parts, where the ostensible rhythm role could be as intriguing as the lead. Al Handa writes, "In Television's case, Lloyd was the guitarist who affected the [[tonality]] of the music more often than not, and Verlaine and the [[rhythm section]] the ones who gave the ear its anchor and familiar musical elements. Listen only to Lloyd, and you can hear some truly off the wall ideas being played."{{sfn|Handa|1996}}

== Members ==
'''Former members'''
*[[Tom Verlaine]] – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards {{small|(1973–1978, 1991–1993, 2001–2023; his death)}}
*[[Billy Ficca]] – drums {{small|(1973–1978, 1991–1993, 2001–2023)}}
*[[Richard Lloyd (guitarist)|Richard Lloyd]] – guitar, backing vocals {{small|(1973–1978, 1991–1993, 2001–2007)}}
*[[Richard Hell]] – bass, lead vocals {{small|(1973–1975)}}
*[[Fred Smith (bassist)|Fred Smith]] – bass, backing vocals {{small|(1973–1978, 1991–1993, 2001–2023)}}; guitar {{small|(1991–1993)}}
*[[Jimmy Rip]] – guitar {{small|(2007–2023)}}

'''Timeline'''
{{#tag:timeline|
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PlotArea = left:80 bottom:80 top:5 right:10
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:12/03/1973 till:28/01/2023 
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Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
ScaleMajor = increment:4 start:1974
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1974

Colors =
 id:lvocals value:red         legend:Lead_vocals
 id:bvocals value:pink        legend:Backing_vocals
 id:guitar  value:green       legend:Guitar
 id:bass    value:blue        legend:Bass
 id:keys    value:purple      legend:Keyboards
 id:drums   value:orange      legend:Drums
 id:album   value:black       legend:Studio_album
 id:other   value:gray(0.7)   legend:Other_release
 id:bars    value:gray(0.95)

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 color:album layer:back
 at:08/02/1977
 at:01/04/1978
 at:02/09/1992
 color:other layer:back
 at:01/01/1982
 at:01/01/2003
 at:01/01/2003
 at:01/01/1998

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 bar:Tom     text:Tom Verlaine
 bar:Lloyd   text:Richard Lloyd
 bar:Jimmy   text:Jimmy Rip
 bar:Hell    text:Richard Hell
 bar:Fred    text:Fred Smith
 bar:Billy   text:Billy Ficca

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 bar:Tom     from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:lvocals
 bar:Tom     from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:lvocals
 bar:Tom     from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:lvocals
 bar:Billy   from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:drums
 bar:Billy   from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:drums
 bar:Billy   from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:drums
 bar:Hell    from:start      till:01/01/1975 color:bass
 bar:Lloyd   from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:guitar
 bar:Lloyd   from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:guitar
 bar:Lloyd   from:01/01/2001 till:01/01/2007 color:guitar
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/1975 till:01/07/1978 color:bass
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:bass
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:bass
 bar:Jimmy   from:01/01/2007 till:28/01/2023 color:guitar

 width:7
 bar:Tom     from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:guitar
 bar:Tom     from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:guitar
 bar:Tom     from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:guitar
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:guitar

 width:3
 bar:Tom     from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:keys
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 bar:Tom     from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:keys
 bar:Hell    from:start      till:01/01/1975 color:lvocals
 bar:Lloyd   from:start      till:01/07/1978 color:bvocals
 bar:Lloyd   from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:bvocals
 bar:Lloyd   from:01/01/2001 till:01/01/2007 color:bvocals
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/1975 till:01/07/1978 color:bvocals
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/1991 till:01/01/1993 color:bvocals
 bar:Fred    from:01/01/2001 till:28/01/2023 color:bvocals
}}

== Discography ==
'''Studio albums'''
* ''[[Marquee Moon]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Adventure (Television album)|Adventure]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Television (Television album)|Television]]'' (1992)

'''Live albums'''
* ''[[The Blow-Up]]'' (1982)
* ''Live at the Academy, 1992'' (2003)
* ''[[Live at the Old Waldorf]]'' (2003)

'''Compilation albums'''
* ''The Best of Television & Tom Verlaine'' (1998)

== Filmography ==

* ''[[The Blank Generation]]'' (1976)

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== General and cited references  ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last=Bangs |first=Lester |author-link=Lester Bangs |date=1979 |title=Free Jazz / Punk Rock |journal=[[Musician (magazine)|Musician]] |url=http://www.notbored.org/bangs.html |access-date=December 25, 2014}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Emerson |first=Ken |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/adventure-19780601 |title=Television Adventure Album Review |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=June 1, 1978 |access-date=April 4, 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/tv12.html |title=Television: ''Marquee Moon'' |last=Handa |first=Al |date=May 1996 |website=Perfect Sound Forever |access-date=December 25, 2014}}
* {{Cite book |last=Heylin |first=Clinton |url=https://archive.org/details/fromvelvetstovoi0000heyl_a9v8 |title=From the Velvets to the Voidoids: The Birth of American Punk Rock |publisher=[[Chicago Review Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=1-55652-575-3 |language=English |author-link=Clinton Heylin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://exclaim.ca/music/article/television_announce_vancouver_show |title=Television Announce Vancouver Show |work=[[Exclaim!]] |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=October 30, 2015 |last=Hughes |first=Josiah}}
* {{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Tim |year=2006 |title=Sonic Transmission. Television: Tom Verlaine, Richard Hell |edition=1st |location=New York |publisher=Glitter |isbn=978-1-90-258816-2}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music-television-nycs-artpunk-pioneers-31260962.html |title=Music – Television: NYC's art-punk pioneers |work=[[Irish Independent]] |date=May 31, 2015 |access-date=October 30, 2015 |last=Meagher |first=John}}
* {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Noel |url=http://www.avclub.com/article/60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113 |title=60 minutes of music that sum up art-punk pioneers Wire |newspaper=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=May 28, 2015 |access-date=October 28, 2015}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schinder |first1=Scott |last2=Schwartz |first2=Andy |year=2008 |title=Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends who Changed Music Forever |volume=2 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-313-33847-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ramone |first1=Marky |last2=Herschlag |first2=Richard |title=Punk Rock Blitzkrieg: My Life as a Ramone |year=2015 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-8775-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/punkrockblitzkri0000ramo}}
* {{cite book |last=Robb |first=John |editor=Craske, Oliver |year=2012 |title=Punk Rock: An Oral History |location=United Kingdom |publisher=PM Press |isbn=978-1-60486-005-4}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/17/television-sage-gateshead-review |title=Television |newspaper=The Guardian |date=November 17, 2013 |last=Simpson |first=Dave}}
* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Steven |year=2003 |title=False Prophet: Field Notes from the Punk Underground |location=Middletown, Conn. |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-6668-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/falseprophetfiel00tayl}}
* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=Dave |year=2000 |title=Alternative Rock |location=San Francisco |publisher=Miller Freeman |isbn=978-0-87930-607-6}}
* {{cite news |last=Trakin |first=Roy |title=''Marquee Moon'' review |newspaper=SoHo Weekly |year=1977}}
* {{cite book |last=Walker |first=John |year=1991 |title=The Trouser Press Record Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/trouserpressreco002269mbp |edition=4th |editor=Ira Robbins |location=New York |publisher=Collier |isbn=978-0-02-036361-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wallace |first1=Amy |last2=Manitoba |first2=Dick |title=The Official Punk Rock Book of Lists |year=2007 |publisher=Backbeat Books |isbn=978-0-87930-919-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Bryan |year=2011 |title=Television's Marquee Moon |series=[[33⅓]] |volume=83 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4411-8605-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/marqueemoon00wate}}
* {{Cite web |title=Television |first=Tod |last=Wizon |year=1992 |url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/1592/television |publisher=BOMB Magazine |website=bombmagazine.org |access-date=February 2, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106073700/http://bombmagazine.org/article/1592/television |archive-date=January 6, 2016}}
{{Refend}}
== External links ==
* {{allmusic}}
* {{Discogs artist|254494|Television}}
* {{imdb name|2098433}}

{{Television (band)|state=expanded}}
{{Richard Hell}}

{{Portal bar|New York (state)|New York City}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Television}}
[[Category:American post-punk music groups]]
[[Category:American art rock groups]]
[[Category:Musical quartets from New York (state)]]
[[Category:American new wave musical groups]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:Elektra Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1973]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1978]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1992]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1993]]
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 2001]]
[[Category:Musical groups from New York City]]
[[Category:Art punk groups]]
[[Category:American protopunk groups]]
[[Category:Punk rock groups from New York (state)]]
[[Category:ROIR artists]]