Editing Telecommunications in Haiti

{{Short description|none}}
'''Telecommunications in Haiti''' Internet, radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones.

== Internet Access ==
[[File:Various types of telephones.jpg|thumb]]
There are 4 [[Internet service provider]]s serving the country – [[National Telecom S.A|NATCOM]],<ref name=":0" /> Access Haiti,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.accesshaiti.com| title = For home and business - Access Haiti}}</ref> Hainet.,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hainet.net/ |title=Hainet &#124; Haiti Networking Group S.A. |access-date=2021-01-20 |archive-date=2020-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128112138/http://hainet.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Digicel|Digicel Haiti]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Experiences Made For Haiti {{!}} Digicel Haiti |url=https://www.digicelgroup.com/ht/en.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=www.digicelgroup.com}}</ref> The Haitian telecommunications authority, [[National Council of Telecommunications|CONATEL]],<ref>[http://www.conatel.gouv.ht CONATEL]</ref> decided in October 2010 to allow the introduction of [[3G]] services by the mobile telephone service providers.<ref>CONATEL : [http://www.conatel.gouv.ht/pdf/services_mobiles_telephones.pdf "Les services mobiles par téléphone, à l’aube d’énormes bouleversements au benefice du consommateur Haïtien"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302043639/http://www.conatel.gouv.ht/pdf/services_mobiles_telephones.pdf |date=2012-03-02 }} {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> This will enable them to deploy faster mobile internet access speeds throughout their networks than what is currently available with [[GPRS]]/[[EDGE (telecommunication)|EDGE]].

NATCOM is the leading internet company in Haiti with a wide range of internet connectivity solutions. From 4G LTE, Fiber to the home and to the business, Wireless point to point and point to multi point solutions. [[National Telecom S.A|NATCOM]] offers guaranteed SLA's thanks to its robust local network and exclusive 4 international links to the global undersea fiber networks.

== Pricing ==

As of September 2017, Taxes are included.

'''Fiber Optic Consumer Pricing'''

Pricing per month by download speed and provider

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Download Speed (Mbps) !! NATCOM!! Hainet !! Access Haiti 
|-
| 2 Mbit/s || US$50.00|| US$60.00 || US$54.55 
|-
| 4 Mbit/s || US$90.00|| US$100.00 || US$99.00 
|-
| 6 Mbit/s || US$150.00|| US$150.00 || US$149.00 
|-
| 8 Mbit/s ||$200.00 USD|| US$199.00 || US$199.00 
|-
| 12 Mbit/s || US$250.00|| US$250.00 || US$249.00 
|-
| 15 Mbit/s ||$300.00 USD|| US$299.00 || US$299.00 
|-
| 25 Mbit/s || US$400.00|| US$350.00 || US$349.00 
|}

Local Taxes are not Included in the prices Above

==Internet censorship and surveillance==

{{Further|Human rights in Haiti}}

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors [[e-mail]] or Internet [[chat rooms]] without judicial oversight.<ref name=USDOS-Haiti-2012>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204458 "Haiti"], ''Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012'', Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013.</ref>

The law provides for [[freedom of speech]] and [[Freedom of the press|press]], and the government and elected officials generally respect these rights in practice. The independent media are active and express a wide variety of views without restriction. However, there have been incidents of local officials harassing or threatening journalists and others who criticized the government. Journalists complain about [[defamation]] lawsuits that the government threatens or files against the press for statements made about public officials or private figures in the public arena.<ref name=USDOS-Haiti-2012/>

Defamation carries both criminal and civil penalties. Some journalists practice [[self-censorship]] on stories related to drug trafficking or allegations of business and political corruption, likely due to past patterns of retribution against activists and journalists engaged in investigative reporting. The law prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, but the government does not always respect these prohibitions in practice.<ref name=USDOS-Haiti-2012/>

== Radio and television ==

* [[Radio broadcasting|Radio stations]]: Government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* [[Television broadcasting|Television stations]]: Several TV stations, including one government-owned; cable TV subscription service is available (2007).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* [[Television set]]s: 38,120 (1997).{{update after|2014|1|9}}
* Radio and TV stations in Haiti in 2010:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conatel.gouv.ht/downloads/Liste%20des%20stations%20par%20departement.pdf |title=Report of CONATEL |publisher=contael.gouv.ht |access-date= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304163345/http://www.conatel.gouv.ht/downloads/Liste%20des%20stations%20par%20departement.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-04 }}</ref>
:{| class="wikitable"
|+ Number of radio and television stations
! Department !! AM !! FM !! VHF !! UHF !! Cable !! Satellite
|-
| align=left| Ouest || 4 || 66 || 7 || 30 || 3 || *
|-
| align=left| Sud-EsT || 3 || 18 || 1 || 3 || *|| *
|-
| align=left| Nippes || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| align=left| Sud || 3 || 19 || 9 || 2 || 2|| *
|-
| align=left| Grande-Anse || 5 || 12 || 2 || 0 || - || -
|-
| align=left| Centre || 2 || 10 || 3 || 0 || - || -
|-
| align=left| Artibonite || 6 || 42 || 6 || 1 || - || -
|-
| align=left| Nord-Est || 1 || 9 || 9 || 9 || - || -
|-
| align=left| Nord || 7 || 30 || 8 || 2 || - || -
|-
| align=left| Nord-Ouest || 3 || 15 || 2 || 1 || * || *
|-
| align=left| '''Total'''|| '''34''' || '''226''' || '''36''' || '''38''' || '''-''' || '''-'''
|}

[[Tele Haiti]] is a television broadcasting network providing paid television services with over 140 local and international channels on its network TeleHaiti.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.telehaiti.net/| title = TeleHaiti – Wifoot| access-date = 2022-03-06| archive-date = 2021-01-27| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210127225646/https://telehaiti.net/| url-status = dead}}</ref>

== Telephones ==
{{See also |Telephone numbers in Haiti}}

* [[Calling code]]: +509<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* [[International Call Prefix]]: 00<ref>[http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164C-2011-PDF-E.pdf ''Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010))''], Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.</ref>

;Land lines

In 2012, there were 50,000 main lines in use ranking Haiti 163rd in the world.<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ "Communications: Haiti"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 7 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.</ref>

Natcom, the result of the [[privatization]] of Télécommunications d'Haiti S.A.M. (Teleco) in 2010, has a monopoly on the provision of landline services throughout the country. The Vietnamese company [[Viettel Mobile|Viettel]] bought a 60% share, with the Haitian government keeping the remaining 40% of the company.<ref name=":0">Le Nouvelliste : [http://www.lenouvelliste.com/articleforprint.php?PubID=1&ArticleID=79358 "Et la Téléco devient Natcom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310174710/http://www.lenouvelliste.com/articleforprint.php?PubID=1&ArticleID=79358 |date=2012-03-10 }} {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

Teleco was constantly hobbled by political interference which affected its performance. A net generator of revenues for the government in the 1970s and early 1980s, Teleco's fortunes then began to decline.{{citation needed |date=January 2014}}

;Mobile cellular:

Despite wide-ranging poverty, [[Haiti]] increased its [[mobile phone]] coverage rate from 6% to 30% in one year (May 2006 to May 2007). Haiti is now the driving force in mobile phone growth in the [[Caribbean]], while [[radio]] remains the primary information medium for most Haitians.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

* 6.1 million mobile lines (102nd in the world) covering 61.6% of the population (2012).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* There were two major cell phone providers: [[Comcel Haiti|Comcel/Voila]], [[Haitel]] until 2006 when [[Digicel]], a Denis O'Brien company, begun servicing the Haitian network. Later, Natcom purchased 60% of Teleco (the main landline company in Haiti for about 4 decades) in 2011, then it became a direct competitor to Digicel.
** Comcel, a subsidiary of [[Trilogy International Partners, LLC]], was a [[Time division multiple access|TDMA]] company which launched its service in September 1999.{{citation needed |date=January 2014}}
** Digicel Haiti, an affiliate of the pan-Caribbean Digicel Group won Haiti's first [[GSM]] license in June 2005 and launched service in early 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Digicel launches in Haiti |url=https://searchlight.vc/searchlight/news/2006/05/12/digicel-launches-in-haiti/ |website=Searchlight |date=12 May 2006 |access-date=8 April 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926182345/https://searchlight.vc/searchlight/news/2006/05/12/digicel-launches-in-haiti/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** Haitel, an independent company founded by Franck Ciné, a Haitian-American and former [[MCI Inc]] executive, adopted [[CDMA]] technology.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-02-19|title=Why Haiti's Cellphone Networks Failed|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/why-haitis-cellphone-networks-failed|access-date=2021-10-23|website=IEEE Spectrum|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2006, Comcel and Haitel had a total of about 500,000 subscribers - a cell phone coverage rate of 6% for a population of 8.2 million. Digicel entered the market in May 2006. After one year of operations, May 2006-May 2007, Digicel went from zero to 1.4 million subscribers. The other two cell phone providers, Comcel and Haitel, responded by cutting their prices and offering new services such as Voilà, a [[GSM]] service by Comcel, and [[CDMA 2000]] by Haitel. As a result, Comcel and Haitel increased their subscribers from 500,000 to 1 million. As of April 2012, Digicel has about 3.5 million cell phone subscribers in Haiti.<ref>LaPresse Affaires : [http://lapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca/economie/international/201010/08/01-4330651-reseau-cellulaire-digicel-en-haiti-22-millions-dabonnes-en-quatre-ans.php "Réseau cellulaire Digicel en Haïti: 2,2 millions d'abonnés en quatre ans"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420152934/http://lapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca/economie/international/201010/08/01-4330651-reseau-cellulaire-digicel-en-haiti-22-millions-dabonnes-en-quatre-ans.php |date=2012-04-20 }} {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> In May 2007, Digicel started offering two [[BlackBerry]] services with [[Internet]], one for enterprises and one for individuals. On March 30, 2012, Digicel completed the acquisition of Comcel / Voila, its main competitor in the Haitian market.{{citation needed |date=January 2014}}
  
;System

* Haiti's telecommunications infrastructure is among the least developed in [[Latin America]] and the [[Caribbean]] (2010).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* Domestic facilities are barely adequate.<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/> 
** Mobile-cellular telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction of low-cost [[GSM]] phones (2010).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/> 
** Mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons (2010).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/> 
** [[Coaxial cable]] and [[microwave radio]] relay trunk service. 
* International facilities are slightly better.<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
** [[Communications satellite|Satellite earth stations]]: 1 [[Intelsat]] (Atlantic Ocean) (2010).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>

== Internet ==

* Haiti's [[country code top-level domain]] is [[.ht]]<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/> and is managed by NIC.ht Consortium FDS/RDDH.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nic.ht/ |title=NIC.ht Consortium FDS/RDDH |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070446/http://www.nic.ht/ |archive-date=2007-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of March 2009, it had 1155 domain names registered.<ref>[http://www.nic.ht/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=3 Consortium FDS/RDDH : Statistics]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of Internet users|Internet users]]: 1.3 million, 165th in the world; 12.2% of the population, 168th in the world (2015).<ref name=NIUCalc>Calculated using penetration rate and population data from [https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php |date=2017-03-29 }}, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013</ref><ref name=ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Fixed broadband]]: unknown (2012).<ref name=NIUCalc/><ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710054412/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx |date=2017-07-10 }}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions|Mobile broadband:]] 15,781 subscriptions, 137th in the world; 0.2% of the population, 144th in the world (2012).<ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710054412/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx |date=2017-07-10 }}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref>
* [[List of countries by number of Internet hosts|Internet hosts]]: 555 hosts, 181st in the world (2012).<ref name=CIAWFB-Haiti-2013/>
* [[IPv4]]: 124,160 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world's total, 13 per 1000 people.<ref>[http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ Select Formats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513033601/http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/ |date=2009-05-13 }}, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html Population] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113653/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html |date=2018-10-04 }}, [[The World Factbook]], [[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Télévision Nationale d'Haïti|Radio Télévision Nationale d'Haïti]] (TNH), state radio and television broadcaster of Haiti, part of the Ministry of Culture. 
* [[Media of Haiti]]

== References ==
{{more citations needed |date=January 2014}}
* {{CIA World Factbook}}
* {{US DOS |year=2012}}
{{Reflist |33em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |title="New" Media Crucial in Aftermath of Haitian Earthquake |work=[[Columbia Journalism Review]] |location=US |url=http://archives.cjr.org/the_observatory/new_media_crucial_in_aftermath.php |year=2010 |access-date=2018-01-13 |archive-date=2018-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113203046/http://archives.cjr.org/the_observatory/new_media_crucial_in_aftermath.php |url-status=dead }}

== External links ==
* [http://www.hainet.net Hainet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128112138/http://hainet.net/ |date=2020-11-28 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070446/http://www.nic.ht/ NIC.ht], .ht registrar. 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150217153602/http://www.tnh.ht/ Télévision Nationale d'Haïti](TNH) 
* [http://www.accesshaiti.com Access Haiti]
* [http://www.digicelhaiti.com Digicel Haiti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190407134858/https://natcom.com.ht/ Natcom]

{{Clear}}
{{Haiti topics}}
{{Haiti TV}}
{{Americas topic|Telecommunications in}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Internet censorship by country}}

[[Category:Telecommunications by country|Haiti]]
[[Category:Communications in Haiti| ]]
[[Category:Internet censorship by country|Haiti]]
[[Category:Telecommunications in the Caribbean by country|Haiti]]