Editing Teddy bear

{{Short description|Soft toy in the form of a bear}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
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| image1            = Teddy bear early 1900s - Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.jpg
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| caption1          = Bear thought to be made by [[Morris Michtom]] in the early 1900s; donated to the [[Smithsonian Museum of Natural History]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], United States, by [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s grandson [[Kermit Roosevelt Jr.]] in 1964
| image2            = Nachbildung 55PB Steiff Museum Giengen.jpg
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| caption2          = A replica Steiff model ''55PB'' displayed at the Steiff-Museum, [[Giengen]], Germany, in 2006; no original examples of the 55PB are known to survive
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A '''teddy bear''', or simply a '''teddy''', is a [[stuffed toy]] in the form of a [[bear]]. The teddy bear was named by [[Morris Michtom]] after the 26th president of the United States, [[Theodore Roosevelt]]; it was developed apparently simultaneously in the first decade of the 20th century by two toymakers: [[Richard Steiff]] in Germany and Michtom in the United States. It became a popular children's toy, and it has been celebrated in story, song, and film.<ref name="APOV">{{cite news |author=David Cannadine |author-link=David Cannadine |date=February 1, 2003 |title=A point of view - The Grownups with teddy bears |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21265701 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605170948/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21265701 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=2013-02-01 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Since the creation of the first teddy bears (which sought to imitate the form of real bear [[Cub (bear)|cubs]]), "teddies" have greatly varied in form, style, color, and material. They have become [[collectable|collectors' items]], with older and rarer teddies appearing at public auctions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=salesummary&intObjectID=5359783 |title=A STEIFF HARLEQUIN TEDDY BEAR, jointed, half red and half blue mohair, one blue and black and one brown and black glass eye, black stitching, yellow felt pads and FF button, circa 1925 --13½in. (34cm.) high (small bald spot below right ear, some fading mainly to the blue, blue eye cracked, patch to right pad and some general wear) |publisher=[[Christie's]] |access-date=2010-10-12 |df=mdy-all |quote=Estimate £50,000–£80,000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605170737/https://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=salesummary&intObjectID=5359783 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Teddy bears are among the most popular gifts for children, and they are often given to adults to signify affection, congratulations, or sympathy.

==History==
{{Anchor|Teddy bear (cartoon)}}[[File:TheodoreRooseveltTeddyBear.jpg|thumb|A 1902 political cartoon in ''[[The Washington Post]]''  spawned the ''teddy bear'' name.]]

The name ''teddy'' ''bear'' comes from [[Theodore Roosevelt]], the 26th [[president of the United States]], who was often referred to as "Teddy" (a nickname he loathed).<ref name=HandyBook>{{cite book|last=Matuz|first=Roger|title=The Handy Presidents Answer Book|url=https://archive.org/details/handypresidentsa0000matu|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Visible Ink Press|location=Canton, MI|isbn=9780780807730}}</ref> The name originated from an incident on a bear-hunting trip in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Mississippi]] in November 1902, to which Roosevelt was invited by [[Andrew H. Longino]], the 35th [[governor of Mississippi]]. There were several other hunters competing, and most of them had already killed an animal. A party of Roosevelt's attendants, led by [[Holt Collier]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.fws.gov/refuges/HoltCollier_history.pdf |title=Holt Collier |access-date=2013-09-26 |author=Minor Ferris Buchanan|publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927222459/https://library.fws.gov/refuges/HoltCollier_history.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-27 |df=mdy-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> cornered, clubbed, and tied an [[American black bear]] to a willow tree after a long and exhausting chase with [[hound]]s. They called Roosevelt to the site and suggested that he should shoot the bear dead, although Collier told Roosevelt not to shoot the bear while it was tied.<ref name="Glave">{{cite book|first1=Dianne D.|last1=Glave|first2=Mark|last2=Stoll|title=To Love the Wind and the Rain: African Americans and Environmental History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9aYPKtP0EgC|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre|date=2006|isbn=978-0-8229-7290-7|via=Google Books|pages=ix}}</ref> Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear himself, deeming this unsportsmanlike, but instructed that the bear be killed to put it out of its misery,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-teddy-bear-1992528|title=History of the Teddy Bear|author=Mary Bellis|date=February 28, 2019<!-- updated date-->|access-date=March 7, 2006 <!-- to http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Teddy_Bear.htm which now redirects and refuses to be archived --> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605171711/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-teddy-bear-1992528|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/roosevelt/aa_roosevelt_bears_1.html |title=Teddy Bears| publisher=Library Of Congress |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165329/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/roosevelt/aa_roosevelt_bears_1.html |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> and it became the topic of a [[Editorial cartoon|political cartoon]] by [[Clifford K. Berryman|Clifford Berryman]] in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' on November 16, 1902.<ref name="Clay">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html |title=The History of the Teddy Bear |first=Marianne |last=Clay |year=2002 |magazine=Teddy Bear & Friends |publisher=Madavor Media, LLC |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723184018/http://www.teddybearandfriends.com/archive/articles/history.html |archive-date=2011-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Real Teddy Bear Story|url=https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=991271&module_id=333084|website=Theodore Roosevelt Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605164924/https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=991271&module_id=333084|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Story of the Teddy Bear - Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|url=https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/storyofteddybear.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165202/https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/storyofteddybear.htm|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> While the initial cartoon of an adult [[American black bear|black bear]] lassoed by a handler and a disgusted Roosevelt had symbolic overtones, later issues of that and other Berryman cartoons made the bear smaller and cuter.<ref name="theodoreroosevelt.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/tr_teddy.htm|title=Theodore Roosevelt Association. The story of The Teddy Bear|date=2013-02-01|publisher=Theodoreroosevelt.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317024257/http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/tr_teddy.htm|archive-date=2013-03-17|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-09-26 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[Morris Michtom]] saw the Berryman drawing of Roosevelt and was inspired to create a teddy bear. He created a small soft bear cub and put it in his candy-shop window at 404 Tompkins Avenue in [[New York City]] with a sign reading "Teddy's bear." The toys were an immediate success and Michtom founded the [[Ideal Toy Company|Ideal Novelty and Toy Co]].<ref name="LoC"/>

A little earlier in 1902 in Germany, the [[Margarete Steiff GmbH|Steiff firm]] produced a stuffed bear from [[Richard Steiff]]'s designs. Steiff exhibited the toy at the Leipzig Toy Fair in March 1903, where it was seen by Hermann Berg, a buyer for George Borgfeldt & Company in New York (and the brother of the composer [[Alban Berg]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therestisnoise.com/2010/07/berg-festival.html|title=Bring on the Berg|website=Alex Ross: The Rest Is Noise|date=July 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605173204/https://www.therestisnoise.com/2010/07/berg-festival.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He ordered 3,000 to be sent to the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2537943.stm|title=Teddy bear celebrates 100th birthday|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2002-12-03 |df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605173410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2537943.stm|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Steiff's records show that the bears were produced, they are not recorded as arriving in the U.S., and no example of the type, "55&nbsp;PB", has ever been seen, leading to the story that the bears were [[shipwreck]]ed. However, the shipwreck story is disputed – the author Günther Pfeiffer notes that it was only recorded in 1953 and says it is more likely that the 55&nbsp;PB was not sufficiently durable to survive until the present day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14231337|title=The great teddy bear shipwreck mystery|work=[[BBC News]]|first=Francis|last=Cronin|date=July 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605172958/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14231337|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Steiff and Michtom were both making teddy bears at around the same time, neither would have known of the other's creation due to poor [[Atlantic Ocean|transatlantic]] communication.<ref name="Clay" />

The American writer [[Seymour Eaton]] wrote the children's book series ''The Roosevelt Bears'',<ref name="GLCA">{{cite web| url=http://www.lansdownecivic.com/Pages/hometown_stories/13_eaton.html| title=Seymour Eaton| publisher=Greater Lansdowne Civic Association (GLCA)| year=2003 |access-date=2007-12-10 |df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502144034/http://www.lansdownecivic.com/Pages/hometown_stories/13_eaton.html|archive-date=May 2, 2006|url-status=usurped}}</ref> while the American composer [[John W. Bratton]] wrote an instrumental "[[Teddy bears' picnic|The Teddy Bears' Picnic]]", a "characteristic two-step", in 1907, which later had words written to it by the Irish lyricist [[Jimmy Kennedy]] in 1932.

Early teddy bears were made to look like real bears, with extended snouts and beady eyes. Modern teddy bears tend to have larger eyes and foreheads and smaller noses, which are [[Infant|babylike]] features intended to enhance the toy's "[[cuteness]]". Some teddy bears are also designed to represent different species, such as [[polar bear]]s and [[brown bear]]s, as well as [[giant panda|pandas]] and [[koala]]s.
While early teddy bears were covered in tawny [[mohair]] fur, modern teddy bears are manufactured in a wide variety of commercially available [[fabric]]s, most commonly [[fake fur|synthetic fur]], but also [[velour]], [[denim]], [[cotton]], [[satin]], and [[canvas]].

==Production==
[[File:The Employment of Women in Britain, 1914-1918 Q28162.jpg|thumb|A worker stuffing a teddy bear in a toy factory, 1917]]
===Commercial===
Commercially made, mass-produced teddy bears are predominantly made as toys for children. These bears either have safety joints for attaching arms, legs, and heads, or else the joints are sewn and not articulated. They must have securely fastened eyes that do not pose a choking hazard for small children. These "plush" bears must meet a rigid standard of construction in order to be marketed to children in the United States and in the European Union. The [[Vermont Teddy Bear Company]] in the U.S. is one of the world's largest specialty marketers of teddy bears.

There are also companies, like Steiff, that sell handmade collectible bears that can be purchased in stores or over the Internet. The majority of teddy bears are manufactured in countries with low production costs, such as China and Indonesia. A few small, single-person producers in the United States make unique, non-mass-produced teddy bears. In the [[United Kingdom]] one small, traditional teddy bear company remains, [[Merrythought]], which was established in 1930.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burton |first1=Lucy |title=Britain's last surviving teddy bear factory |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12523562 |access-date=September 17, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=February 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606005453/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12523562 |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mohair]], the fur shorn or combed from a breed of long haired goats, is woven into cloth, dyed and trimmed. 
<gallery class="center" caption="Making of a teddy bear">
File:Making of a teddy bear 1 cutting.jpg|1: Cutting
File:Making of a teddy bear 2 sewing and turning.jpg|2: Sewing and turning
File:Making of a teddy bear 3 filling.jpg|3: Filling
File:Making of a teddy bear 4 assembling.jpg|4: Assembling
</gallery>

===Amateur===
Teddy bears are a favourite form of soft toy for amateur toy makers, with many patterns commercially produced or available online. Many "teddies" are home-made as gifts or for charity, while "teddy bear artists" often create "teddies" for retail, decorating them individually with commercial and recycled ornaments such as sequins, beads and ribbons. Sewn teddy bears are made from a wide range of materials including [[felt]], [[cotton]] and [[velour]]. While many are stitched, others are made from [[yarn]], either [[Knitting|knitted]] or [[crochet]]ed.

==Cultural impact==
[[File:IWM CH2526.jpg|thumb|An [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] [[Boulton Paul Defiant]] crew with their teddy bear [[mascot]] at [[London Biggin Hill Airport|RAF Biggin Hill]] during [[World War II]]]]

Retail sales of stuffed plush animals including teddy bears totaled US$1.3 billion in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.corporate-ir.net/library/18/182/182478/items/286985/2007_AR_FINAL.pdf |title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Inc. |access-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522082356/http://library.corporate-ir.net/library/18/182/182478/items/286985/2007_AR_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-22 |df=mdy-all |url-status=dead}}</ref> with manufacturers including [[Gund]] and [[Ty Inc.]]

Teddy bear plush toys have enjoyed ongoing popularity, complete with specialty retailers such as [[Teddy Atelier Stursberg]] and [[Vermont Teddy Bear Company]], as well as [[Do it yourself|do-it-yourself]] chains including [[Build-A-Bear Workshop]].

===Museums===
The world's first [[teddy bear museum]] was set up in [[Petersfield, Hampshire]], England, in 1984. In 1990, [[Teddy Bear Museum of Naples|a similar foundation]] was set up in [[Naples, Florida|Naples]], [[Florida]], United States. These were closed in 2006 and 2005 respectively, and the bears were sold in auctions, but there are many teddy bear museums around the world today.

===Emergency services===
Because police, fire and medical officials found that giving a teddy bear to a child during a crisis stabilized and calmed them, [[NAPLC]] created the Teddy Bear Cops program to distribute teddy bears to police, fire, and medical responders throughout the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teddybearcop.com/ |title=Officers using the Teddy Bear Cops program |publisher=Teddybearcop.com |access-date=2013-09-26 |df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605174628/http://www.teddybearcop.com/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===April Fools' Day===
On [[April Fools' Day]] 1972, issue 90 of ''[[The Veterinary Record]]'' published a paper on the diseases of ''Brunus edwardii'' detailing common afflictions of teddy bears.<ref name="Brunusedwardii-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/af_database/permalink/brunus_edwardii/|title=Brunus edwardii (1972)|access-date=March 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605175017/http://hoaxes.org/af_database/permalink/brunus_edwardii/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Brunusedwardii-2">{{cite journal |last=Blackmore |first=DK |author2=DG Owen |author3=CM Young |year=1972 |title=Some observations on the diseases of Brunus edwardii (Species nova) |url=http://veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com/content/vol90/issue14/index.dtl |journal=Veterinary Record |volume=90 |issue=14 |pages=382–385 |doi=10.1136/vr.90.14.382 |doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |pmid=5034618 |s2cid=7415923 |access-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122043827/http://veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com/content/vol90/issue14/index.dtl |archive-date=November 22, 2008}}</ref>

===World's largest teddy bear===
The largest teddy bear measures 19.41 m (63&nbsp;ft 8 in) in length and was constructed by Municipio de Xonacatlán, Ideas por México and Agrupación de Productores de Peluche (all Mexico), in Estado de México, on 28 April 2019. The bear was displayed at the local stadium in the city of Xonacatlán, and was made with the same materials as a commercially available teddy bear, including details such as a tiara, dress, eyes, and nose.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hooper |first=Ben |date=April 30, 2019 |title=Giant teddy bear in Mexico named world's largest by Guinness |url=https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2019/04/30/Giant-teddy-bear-in-Mexico-named-worlds-largest-by-Guinness/8601556634631/ |publisher=www.upi.com |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=== Billy Possum ===
{{Main|Billy Possum}}

The Billy Possum was a plush toy created after [[William Howard Taft]] won the [[1908 United States presidential election]]. The toy was a stuffed possum, made to replace the teddy bear. The possum was chosen because of Taft's love for "possum and taters", and as a symbol of southern pride. Toy companies making them advertised using slogans predicting the end of teddy bear popularity. Those around Taft theorized that he would be remembered in a similar way as Roosevelt with a popular toy. However, the Billy Possum plush toy didn't achieve the same level of popularity or enduring legacy, and the toy's production and impact were minimal in comparison.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-10 |title=Billy Possum: President Taft's Answer to the Teddy Bear |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51030/billy-possum-president-tafts-answer-teddy-bear |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US}}</ref>

===In popular culture===
* The original toy inspired [[John Walter Bratton]] to compose the melody to "[[Teddy Bears' Picnic]]" in 1907, with lyrics by [[Jimmy Kennedy]] added in 1932.
*''[[Rupert Bear]]'' comic has appeared in ''Daily Express'' since November 1920.
* [[Winnie-the-Pooh]] is based on a teddy bear owned by [[Christopher Robin Milne]], the son of the author [[A. A. Milne]]; the character first appeared in a [[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|1926 children's book]] and has been adapted by [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] for [[Winnie the Pooh (Disney character)|animated shorts since 1966]].
* Tessie Bear from [[Enid Blyton]]'s [[Noddy (character)| Noddy series]] is a living female teddy bear and the protagonist's best friend. The character debuted in the 1954 book ''Noddy Gets into Trouble'' where she helps clear Noddy's innocence after being falsely accused of being a thief in ToyTown.
* ''[[Sooty]]'' began broadcasting on British television in 1955.
* "[[(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear]]" was a number one hit for [[Elvis Presley]] in 1957.
* [[Paddington Bear]] is based on a teddy bear purchased by the British author [[Michael Bond]], first appearing in a 1958 children's book.
* [[Rilakkuma]] is a teddy bear which debuted in Japan in 2003.
* ''[[Corduroy (book)|Corduroy]]'' is a 1968 children's book based on an anthropomorphic teddy bear in a department store.
* [[SuperTed]] is a superhero teddy bear in an animated television series first airing in 1982.
* [[Care Bears]] were first produced as colorful plush teddy bears in 1983.
* [[Pudsey Bear]] has been the mascot for Children in Need since 1985.
* [[Teddy Ruxpin]] was the best-selling toy of 1985 and 1986.
* [[Teddy (Mr. Bean)|Teddy]] is a knitted toy oddity in the 1990s sitcom ''Mr. Bean''.
* [[Misery Bear]] was featured in a series of fourteen shorts for the [[BBC]] website between 2009 and 2012.
* ''[[Naughty Bear]]'' (2010), and its 2012 sequel ''Naughty Bear: Panic in Paradise'', are video games based on an anthropomorphic teddy bear who seeks revenge on the other bears that ostracised him.
* ''[[Ted (franchise)|Ted]]'', bases its adult comedy on a teddy bear come to life.
* ''[[Teddy (film)|Teddy]]'' is a 2021 Tamil-language fantasy action film.
* ''[[Imaginary (film)|Imaginary]]'' is a 2024 film produced by [[Blumhouse Productions]] and directed by [[Jeff Wadlow]]. The movie revolves around a [[supernatural]] teddy bear that befriends a child.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|teddy bear}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200112031303/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14231337 The great teddy bear shipwreck mystery]
{{Commons and category|Teddy bear|teddy bears}}

{{Teddy bears}}
{{Mammals in culture}}
{{Theodore Roosevelt}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teddy Bear}}
[[Category:Teddy bears| ]]
[[Category:1900s toys]]
[[Category:2000s toys]]
[[Category:Culture of the United States]]
[[Category:Bears in popular culture]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Theodore Roosevelt]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1902]]
[[Category:Stuffed toys]]
[[Category:Toy animals]]
[[Category:1900s neologisms]]