Editing Tarn (department)

{{short description|Department in Occitania, France}}
{{Other uses|Tarn (disambiguation){{!}}Tarn}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Tarn
| native_name             =
| native_name_lang        =
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage|position=center
   | photo1a = Albi au coucher du soleil.jpg
   | photo3a = 81 - Rabastens - L'église Notre-Dame-du-Bourg - Exposition sud-est.jpg
   | photo2a = Lac du Laouzas (5).jpg
   | photo2b = Cordes 2014 10.jpg
   | size = 270
   | spacing = 2
   | color = #FFFFFF
   | border = 0
   | foot_montage = }}
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = From top down, left to right: [[Albi]] and the [[Tarn (river)|Tarn]] river, [[Lac du Laouzas]], [[Cordes-sur-Ciel]], [[Rabastens]]
| image_flag              = Drapeau fr département Tarn.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Tarn.svg
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Tarn-Position.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location of Tarn in France
| pushpin_map             =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|49|N|2|12|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]]
| established_title       = Departement
| established_date        = 4 March 1790
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Albi]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Castres]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Christophe Ramond<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_magnitude          =
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="insee-geo">{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=DEP-81 |title=Département du Tarn (81) – Résumé statistique |work=Publications et statistiques pour la France ou les régions |publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques – INSEE |language=fr |access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 5758
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|61st]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Tarnais
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 81
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Tarn department|2]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons of France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Tarn department|23]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes of France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Tarn department|314]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-81
| website                 = [http://www.tarn.fr http://www.tarn.fr]
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Tarn'''  ({{IPA|fr|taʁn}} or {{IPA|fr|ta:ʁ|}}; {{IPA|oc|taɾ}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]] [[Regions of France|region]] in [[Southern France]]. Named after the river [[Tarn (river)|Tarn]], it had a population of {{gaps|389|844}} as of 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep81.pdf Populations légales 2019: 81 Tarn], INSEE</ref> Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] and [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants|largest city]] is [[Albi]]; it has a single [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]], [[Castres]]. In [[French language|French]], the inhabitants of Tarn are known as {{lang|fr|Tarnais}} (masculine) and {{lang|fr|Tarnaises}} (feminine).<ref>[https://www.habitants.fr/tarn-81 Le nom des habitants du 81 - Tarn], habitants.fr</ref> Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] and postcode number is 81.

==History==
Tarn is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790, through application of the Law of 22 December 1789. It was created from part of the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Languedoc]], and comprised the dioceses of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Albi|Albi]] and Castres (which found themselves merged in 1817).

[[File:Old houses by the Agout River in Castres.jpg|thumb|left|[[Castres]] is best known in French political history as the birthplace of Socialist leader [[Jean Jaurès]].]]
The new department had five [[district]]s: Albi, Castres, Lavaur, Gaillac, Lacaune. The [[Capital city|capitals]] (now [[Prefectures in France|prefectures]]) were, alternatively, [[Albi]] and [[Castres]] but, from 1790 to 1797, the capital was only Albi; in 1797, the capital was moved to Castres.<ref name=splaf>{{cite web |url=http://splaf.free.fr/81his.html |title=Historique du Tarn |work=Le SPLAF |language=fr |access-date=8 August 2015 }}</ref> In 1800, Albi became again the capital of the department and the arrondissements were created; the department had four arrondissements: Albi, Castres, Gaillac and Lavaur. In 1926, the arrondissements of Gaillac and Lavaur were eliminated.<ref name=splaf />

By the law of 28 [[Pluviôse]] [[French Republican Calendar|Year 5]], the departments of [[Hérault]] and of Tarn exchanged the canton of [[Anglès, Tarn|Anglès]] (which had been part of the diocese of [[Ancient Diocese of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières|Saint-Pons]], but which has remained in Tarn) for that of [[Saint-Gervais-sur-Mare]] (which had been part of the diocese of Castres, but which today remains in Hérault).

== Geography ==
[[File:Tarn topographic map-fr.svg|left|thumbnail|Topographic map of the Tarn department]]
Tarn is part of the [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]] [[Regions of France|region]] and has an area of {{Convert|5757.9|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on }}.<ref name="insee-geo" /> The department is surrounded by five departments, all belonging to the [[Regions of France|region]] [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]]: [[Hérault]] to the southeast, [[Aude]] to the south, [[Aveyron]] to the north and east, [[Haute-Garonne]] to the southwest and west, as well as [[Tarn-et-Garonne]] to the northwest. It is one of two French departments surrounded entirely by other departments of the same region.

The slope of the department is from east to west, and its general character is mountainous or hilly. Tarn's three principal ranges lying to the south-east are: the Mountains of [[Lacaune]], the [[Sidobre]] and the [[Montagne Noire]], belonging to the [[Cévennes]].

The stony and wind-blown slopes of the Mountains of [[Lacaune]] (''Monts de Lacaune'') are used for [[pasture]]. The highest point of the range and of the department is the ''Puech Montgrand'', {{Convert|1267|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high; several other summits are not much short of this. The granite-strewn plateaux of the [[Sidobre]], from {{Convert|1600|to|2000|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} high, separate the valley of the river [[Agout]] from that of its western tributary, the [[Thoré]] River. The [[Montagne Noire]], on the southwestern border of the department, derives its name from the forests on its northern slope. Its highest point is the [[Pic de Nore]] at {{Convert|1211|m|ft|0|abbr=on }} high.

The [[limestone]] and [[sandstone]] foot-hills are clothed with [[vine]]s and fruit trees, and are broken by deep alluvial valleys of particular fertility. With the exception of a small portion of the Montagne Noire, which drains into the river [[Aude (river)|Aude]], the whole department belongs to the basin of the [[Garonne]].

==Demographics==
Tarn has a population, in 2019, of 389,844, for a population density of {{Pop density|389844|5758|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=pop2019/>

===Population evolution===
Population development since 1801:
{{historical populations|align=none|percentages=pagr|cols=2|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/81his.html|title=Historique du Tarn|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-81|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom|13=1801|14=270,908|15=1806|16=296,228|17=1821|18=313,713|19=1831|20=335,844|21=1841|22=351,795|23=1851|24=363,073|25=1861|26=353,633|27=1872|28=352,718|29=1881|30=359,223|31=1891|32=346,739|33=1901|34=332,093|35=1911|36=324,090|37=1921|38=295,588|39=1931|40=302,994|41=1936|42=297,871|43=1946|44=298,117|45=1954|46=308,197|47=1962|48=319,560|49=1968|50=332,011|51=1975|52=338,024|53=1982|54=339,345|55=1990|56=342,723|57=1999|58=343,402|59=2006|60=365,337|61=2011|62=377,675|63=2016|64=386,448}}

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Albi]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 10 communes with more than 6,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Albi]] || style="text-align:center;"| 48,902
|-
| [[Castres]] || style="text-align:center;"| 42,079
|-
| [[Gaillac]] || style="text-align:center;"| 15,265
|-
| [[Graulhet]] || style="text-align:center;"| 12,844
|-
| [[Lavaur, Tarn|Lavaur]] || style="text-align:center;"| 10,879
|-
| [[Mazamet]] || style="text-align:center;"| 9,996
|-
| [[Carmaux]] || style="text-align:center;"| 9,782
|-
| [[Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe]] || style="text-align:center;"| 9,336
|-
| [[Saint-Juéry, Tarn|Saint-Juéry]] || style="text-align:center;"| 6,694
|-
| [[Labruguière]] || style="text-align:center;"| 6,506
|}

==Administration==
===Administrative divisions===
There are 2 [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissements]], 23 [[Cantons in France|cantons]] and 314 [[Communes in France|communes]] in Tarn.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Arrondissement !! [[INSEE code]] !! [[Capital city|Capital]] !! Population<ref name=pop2019/><br />(2019) !! Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) !! Density<br />(inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Communes
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Arrondissement of Albi|Albi]] || style="text-align:center;"| 811 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Albi]]|| 193,307 || &nbsp;&nbsp;2,732&nbsp;&nbsp; || {{Pop density|193307|2731.7|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} || 163
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Arrondissement of Castres|Castres]] || style="text-align:center;"| 812 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Castres]] || 196,537 || &nbsp;&nbsp;3,026&nbsp;&nbsp; || {{Pop density|196537|3026.2|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} || 151
|}

===Politics===
====Departmental Council of Tarn====
The Departmental Council of Tarn has 46 seats. In the [[2015 French departmental elections|2015 departmental elections]], the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS) won 26 seats and [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR) and [[Union of Democrats and Independents]] (UDI) alliance won 18 seats; two [[miscellaneous right]] candidates complete the assembly composition. Christophe Ramond (PS) has been President of the Departmental Council since 2017.

====Members of the National Assembly====
In the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]], Tarn elected the following members of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union of Democrats and Independents}}" |
| [[Tarn's 1st constituency]]
| [[Philippe Folliot]]
| [[Centrist Alliance]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Tarn's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Marie-Christine Verdier-Jouclas]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Tarn's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Jean Terlier]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

==Tourism==
{{see also|Tourism in Tarn}}
<gallery mode="packed">
(Albi) - Palais de la Berbie vu de la rive droite du Tarn.jpg|Palais de la Berbie Albi
(Albi) East views of the Ste Cécile Cathedral - Apse.jpg|[[Albi Cathedral]]
(Castres) Le théâtre et le musée Goya vus du jardin de l'évêché.jpg|[[Castres]] The theater and the Goya Museum (Episcopal Palace) seen from the bishop's garden
Rue Castelnau de Montmiral.jpg|Street in [[Castelnau-de-Montmiral]]
Cordes-sur-Ciel, june 2016 - 3185.jpg|View of [[Cordes-sur-Ciel]]
France Occitanie 81 Penne 04.jpg|Street in [[Penne, Tarn|Penne]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Tarn department]]
*[[Communes of the Tarn department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Tarn department]]
*[[Tourism in Tarn]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.tarn.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.tarn.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.tourisme-tarn.com/en Discover Tarn –  Comité Départemental du Tourisme du Tarn]
* [http://www.tarninfo.com/ Photos of the Tarn] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Departments of France}}
{{Tarn communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tarn (department)| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Occitania (administrative region)]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]
[[Category:Massif Central]]