Editing Tarn-et-Garonne

{{Short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Tarn-et-Garonne
| native_name             = {{native name|oc|Tarn e Garona}}
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Préfecture du Tarn-et-Garonne (Montauban).jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Montauban]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Tarn-et-Garonne.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Tarn-et-Garonne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Tarn-et-Garonne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Tarn-et-Garonne in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|44|0|N|1|20|E|region:FR-82_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Montauban]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Castelsarrasin]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Radical Left Party|PRG]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Michel Weill<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 3718
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|82nd]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 82
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department|2]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Tarn-et-Garonne department|15]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Tarn-et-Garonne department|195]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-82
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Tarn-et-Garonne''' ({{IPA|fr|taʁn e ɡaʁɔn|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Tarn-et-Garonne.wav}}; {{langx|oc|Tarn e Garona}} {{IPA|oc|ˈtaɾ e ɣaˈɾunɔ|}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]] [[Regions of France|region]] in [[Southern France]]. It is traversed by the rivers [[Tarn (river)|Tarn]] and [[Garonne]], from which it takes its name. The area was originally part of the former [[Provinces of France|provinces]] of [[Quercy]] and [[Languedoc]]. The department was created in 1808 under [[Napoleon]], with territory taken from the neighbouring [[Lot (department)|Lot]], [[Haute-Garonne]], [[Lot-et-Garonne]], [[Gers]] and [[Aveyron]] departments.

The department is mostly rural with fertile agricultural land in the broad river valley, but there are hilly areas to the south, east and north. The departmental [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Montauban]]; the sole [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] is [[Castelsarrasin]]. In 2019, it had a population of 260,669.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep82.pdf Populations légales 2019: 82 Tarn-et-Garonne], INSEE</ref>

==History==
===History of the region===
Quercy was part of ''Aquitania prima'' under the Romans; [[Christianity]] was introduced during the 4th century. Early in the 6th century the area fell under the authority of the [[Franks]], and in the 7th century became part of the autonomous Duchy of [[Aquitaine]]. At the end of the 10th century its rulers were the powerful counts of [[Toulouse]]. During the hostilities between England and France in the reign of [[Henry II of England]], the English placed garrisons in the county, and by the 1259 [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris]] lower Quercy came under the control of England.<ref>Harry Rothwell (Editor) ''English Historical Documents 1189-1327'', Routledge, 1996, {{ISBN|0-415-14368-3}}</ref>

The kings of both England and France around this time tried to curry favour by adding to the privileges of the towns and the district. In 1360, the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] was signed and the whole of Quercy passed to England. However, in the 1440s the English were finally expelled by the newly created army of [[Charles VII of France]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Haine, W. Scott |title=The History of France |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain |url-access=registration |year=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-30328-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain/page/45 45]}}</ref> In the 16th century Quercy was a stronghold of the Protestants, and the scene of fierce religious conflicts. The civil wars of the reign of [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] largely took place around [[Montauban]].

After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the monarchy was re-established in France, but the discredited [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon Dynasty]] was overthrown in the July Revolution of 1830, which established the constitutional [[July Monarchy]], which lasted until 1848. During this time the divide between the rich and poor increased; in Montauban, hundreds turned to begging as wages fell, factories closed and [[food prices]] rose; rioting was widespread and the home of the mayor was stoned by building workers in 1847.<ref name="Fenby2015">{{cite book|author=Fenby, Jonathan |title=The History of Modern France: From the Revolution to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLCdBAAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Simon & Schuster UK |isbn=978-1-4711-2931-5}}</ref>

===History of the department===
[[File:Tarn-et-Garonne department evolution map-fr.svg|thumb|left|Map of the region before the creation of the department]]
Before the department's formation in the nineteenth century, the northern half formed part of the old province of [[Quercy]] and the southern half, part of [[Languedoc]]. The department was created on 4 November 1808 during the [[First French Empire]] by a decision of [[Napoleon]].<ref name=Archive>{{cite web |url=http://www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr/action-culturelle/celebrations-nationales/2008/vie-politique-et-institutions/creation-du-departement-de-tarn-et-garonne/ |title=Création du département de Tarn-et-Garonne |author=Pascale Marouseau |language=fr |work=Archives de France |publisher=Archives départementales de Tarn-et-Garonne |access-date=2015-09-18}}</ref> The emperor had been invited to visit the town of [[Montauban]], an important industrial and commercial centre at the time, whose populace thought the town was central enough and sufficiently important to be the capital of a new department. He was impressed by their loyalty and granted their request.<ref name=Archive/>

The department was formed out of territories that had previously been part of neighbouring areas. More than half of the territory was taken from the [[Lot (departement)|Department of Lot]] (including Montauban and [[Moissac]]), over one-third was taken from [[Haute-Garonne]] (including [[Castelsarrasin]]), and the rest from the departments of [[Lot-et-Garonne]], [[Gers]], and [[Aveyron]]. The first [[Prefect (France)|prefect]] was Félix Le Peletier d'Aunay, who was installed in his post on 31 December 1808.<ref name=Archive/>

==Geography==
[[File:Tarn-et-Garonne-routes.svg|left|thumb|Map of Tarn-et-Garonne]]

Tarn-et-Garonne constitutes part of the [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]] [[Regions of France|region]] in [[Southern France]]. It borders on the departments of [[Lot (department)|Lot]] to the north, [[Aveyron]] to the northeast, [[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] to the east, [[Haute-Garonne]] to the south, and [[Gers]] and [[Lot-et-Garonne]] to the west. The capital of the department is Montauban which lies about {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of Toulouse. Montauban is situated on the right bank of the river [[Tarn (river)|Tarn]] at its confluence with the river [[Tescou]], and the Tarn is joined by the [[Aveyron (river)|Aveyron]] about {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} further downstream. The second largest [[Communes of France|commune]] in the department is [[Castelsarrasin]] which stands near the confluence of the Tarn and [[Garrone|River Garonne]].<ref name=Philips>{{cite book |title=Philips' Modern School Atlas |year=1973 |publisher=George Philip and Son, Ltd. |isbn=0-540-05278-7 |page=43 }}</ref> Montauban is connected to the [[Garonne]] via the {{convert|11|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} [[Canal de Montech]].<ref name=fluvia>[http://www.fluviacarte.com/fr/voies-navigables/region-sud-et-sud-ouest-4/voie-canal-de-montech-63 Fluviacarte], Canal de Montech</ref>

The central part of the department is a broad river valley that does not exceed {{convert|150|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in altitude, but near the commune of [[Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne|Valence-d'Agen]], in the extreme west of the department, the valley narrows as the hilly regions of Bas-Quercy to the north and Lomagne to the south draw closer together. In the northeast of the department is higher land in the form of limestone plateaus known as the [[Causses]], part of the [[Massif Central]].<ref name=Philips/> The highest point in the department, at {{convert|510|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, is the Pech Maurel, situated in the commune of [[Castanet, Tarn-et-Garonne|Castanet]].<ref>[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223222117/http://www.ign.fr/affiche_rubrique.asp?rbr_id%3D1087%26CommuneId%3D76277 Castanet] IGN</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/82his.html|title=Historique de Tarn-et-Garonne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-82|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=228,000|15=1806|16=228,420|17=1821|18=238,143|19=1831|20=242,250|21=1841|22=239,297|23=1851|24=237,553|25=1861|26=232,551|27=1872|28=221,610|29=1881|30=217,056|31=1891|32=206,596|33=1901|34=195,669|35=1911|36=182,537|37=1921|38=159,559|39=1931|40=164,259|41=1936|42=164,629|43=1946|44=167,664|45=1954|46=172,379|47=1962|48=175,847|49=1968|50=183,572|51=1975|52=183,314|53=1982|54=190,485|55=1990|56=200,220|57=1999|58=206,034|59=2006|60=226,844|61=2011|62=244,545|63=2016|64=256,897}}

===Principal towns===
The most populous commune is [[Montauban]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are seven communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Montauban]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 61,372
|-
| [[Castelsarrasin]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 14,114
|-
| [[Moissac]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 13,378
|-
| [[Caussade]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,808
|-
| [[Montech]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,589
|-
| [[Nègrepelisse]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,685
|-
| [[Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne|Valence]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,205
|}

==Politics==
===Departmental Council of Tarn-et-Garonne===
The Departmental Council of Tarn-et-Garonne has 30 seats. The president of the Departmental Council is Michel Weill, elected in July 2021.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Composition of the Departmental Council since 2021
|-
| colspan="5" |[[File:Groupes Conseil départemental 82 en 2021.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]]
|-
! colspan="2" |Political group
!Party
!Seats
!Position
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Radical Party of the Left}};" |
|Radicaux et apparentés
|[[Radical Party of the Left|PRG]]
|11
| rowspan="2" |Majority
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (France)}};" |
|Tarn-et-Garonne en commun
|[[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
|5
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Miscellaneous centre}};" |
|Le Tarn-et-Garonne d'abord
|[[Centrism|DVC]]
|6
| rowspan="3" |Opposition
|-
| style="background:{{party color|The Republicans (France)}};" |
|Engagés pour le Tarn-et-Garonne
|[[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|4
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Miscellaneous}};" |
|[[Non-Attached Members (France)|''Non-inscrits'']]
|[[National Rally|RN]] (2) - [[Miscellaneous left|DVG]] (2)
|4
|}

===Members of the National Assembly===
Tarn-et-Garonne elected the following members of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] during the [[2022 French legislative election|2022 legislative election]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{cite web|author=Assemblée Nationale |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français |publisher=Assemblee-nationale.fr |date= |accessdate=2022-03-23}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Tarn-et-Garonne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Valérie Rabault]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Tarn-et-Garonne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Marine Hamelet]]
| [[National Rally]]
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Montauban - place nationale.jpg|National square in [[Montauban]]
File:Bruniquel - Ensemble -1.jpg|[[Bruniquel]], one of the formally listed [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|"Most Beautiful Villages of France"]]
File:Église de Lauzerte.JPG|Saint Barthelemy church in [[Lauzerte]]
File:MaisonDuRoy-StAntonin.jpg|The "King's House" in [[Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val]]
File:Moissac facade SaintPierre.jpg|Saint Peter abbey in [[Moissac]]
File:Château de Montauriol (Montauban).jpg|Château de Montauriol, seat of the Departmental Council of Tarn-et-Garonne
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Cantons of the Tarn-et-Garonne department]]
* [[Communes of the Tarn-et-Garonne department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Tarn-et-Garonne department]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{In lang|fr|cap=yes}} [https://www.tarn-et-garonne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture of Tarn-et-Garonne website]
* {{In lang|fr|cap=yes}} [https://www.ledepartement.fr/ Departmental council of Tarn-et-Garonne website]
* {{In lang|fr|cap=yes}} [http://arkheia-revue.org/ Arkheia History Review of Tarn-et-Garonne website]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarn-Et-Garonne}}
[[Category:Tarn-et-Garonne| ]]
[[Category:1808 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Occitania (administrative region)]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1808]]