Editing Tadoma

{{Short description|Deafblind communication}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2023}}
[[File:How Helen Keller Learned To Talk.webm|300px|thumb|[[Anne Sullivan]] demonstrating the use of the method with [[Helen Keller]], 1929|right]]

'''Tadoma''' is a method of communication utilized by [[Deafblindness|deafblind]] individuals,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfsu.edu/~cadbs/Eng005t.html|title=Fact Sheet #005 Tadoma (English)|website=www.sfsu.edu}}</ref> in which the listener places their [[little finger]] on the speaker's [[lip]]s and their [[finger]]s along the [[jawline]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdb.org.il/en/communication-methods/tadoma/|title = Tadoma}}</ref> The middle three fingers often fall along the speaker's cheeks with the little finger picking up the vibrations of the speaker's [[throat]]. It is sometimes referred to as ''tactile lipreading'', as the listener feels the movement of the lips, the vibrations of the [[vocal cords]], expansion of the cheeks and the warm air produced by [[Nasal consonant|nasal phonemes]] such as 'N' and 'M'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/tadoma.htm|title=Deaf Blind Tadoma Method|website=www.lifeprint.com}}</ref> Hand positioning can vary, and it is a sometimes also used by [[Hearing loss|hard-of-hearing]] people to supplement their remaining hearing.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In some cases, especially if the speaker knows [[sign language]], the deafblind listener may use the Tadoma method with one hand on the speaker's face, and their other hand on the speaker’s signing hand to hear the words. In this way, the two methods reinforce each other, increasing the chances of the listener understanding the speaker.

The Tadoma method can also help a deafblind person retain speech skills they may had otherwise. This can, in special cases, allow deafblind people to acquire entirely new words.

It is a difficult method to learn and use{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}, and is rarely used nowadays{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}. However, a small{{How many|date=February 2023}} number of deafblind people still use the Tadoma method in everyday communication.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}

== History ==
The Tadoma method was invented by American teacher [[Sophie Alcorn]] and developed at the [[Perkins School for the Blind]] in [[Massachusetts]]. It is named after the first two children to whom it was taught: Winthrop "Tad" Chapman and Oma Simpson. It was hoped that the students would learn to speak by trying to reproduce what they felt on the speaker's face and throat while touching their own face.<ref>{{cite book|author=Charlotte M. Reed|title=Proceeding of Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing. ICSLP '96|date=November 1996|chapter=The Implications of the Tadoma Method of Speechreading for Spoken Language Processing|volume=3|pages=1489–1492|chapter-url=http://www.asel.udel.edu/icslp/cdrom/vol3/1002/a1002.pdf|doi=10.1109/ICSLP.1996.607898|isbn=0-7803-3555-4|s2cid=14924215}}</ref>

[[Helen Keller]] was a famous user of    the method.

==See also==
*[[Tactile signing]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{wiktionary|Tadoma}}

{{Nonverbal communication}}

[[Category:Deafblindness]]
[[Category:Deaf education]]
[[Category:Human communication]]