Editing Tübingen

{{short description|Place in Baden-Württemberg, Germany}}
{{Infobox German place
|German_name       = {{native name|swg|Dibenga}}
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg
|image_caption     = Tübingen seen from above in June 2018
|image_coa         = Wappen Tuebingen.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|31|12|N|09|03|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Karte Tübingen.png
|state             = Baden-Württemberg
|region            = Tübingen
|district          = Tübingen
|elevation         = 341
|area              = 108.12
|postal_code       = 72001–72099
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08416041
|area_code         = 07071<br>07073 <small>(Unterjesingen)</small><br>07472 <small>(Bühl)</small>
|licence           = TÜ
|website           = [https://www.tuebingen.de/ www.tuebingen.de]
|mayor             = [[Boris Palmer]]<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/ob-wahl-tuebingen-2022/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Tübingen 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2022&ndash;30
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|party             = Ind
}}

'''Tübingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈtyːbɪŋən|lang|Tübingen.ogg}}; {{langx|swg|Dibenga}}) is a traditional [[college town|university city]] in central [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]. It is situated {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of the state capital, [[Stuttgart]], and developed on both sides of the [[Neckar]] and [[Ammer (Neckar)|Ammer]] rivers. {{As of|2014}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://uni-tuebingen.de/index.php?eID=tx_nawsecuredl&u=0&file=fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Dezernate/Dezernat_II/studentenstatistiken/statistik-ws-20132014.pdf&t=1396474438&hash=170226b5ae438eb3c10a4601bea8314bc4209582| title = On student statistics, see here.}}</ref> about one in three<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[University of Queensland]] |archive-date=2024-12-09 |title=University of Tübingen |url=https://employability.uq.edu.au/host/university-t%C3%BCbingen |access-date=2025-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209073713/https://employability.uq.edu.au/host/university-t%C3%BCbingen#qt-uq_university_profile_tabs-foundation-tabs-1}}</ref> of the 90,000 people living in Tübingen is a student. As of the 2018/2019 winter semester, 27,665 students attend the [[University of Tübingen|Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} The city has the lowest median age in Germany, in part due to its status as a university city. As of December 31, 2015, the average age of a citizen of Tübingen is 39.1 years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Immediately north of the city lies the [[Schönbuch]], a densely wooded [[nature park]]. The [[Swabian Alb]] mountains rise about {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}} (beeline Tübingen City to Roßberg - 869 m) to the southeast of Tübingen.

The Ammer and [[Steinlach]] rivers are [[Tributary|tributaries]] of the Neckar river, which flows in an easterly direction through the city, just south of the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[old town]]. Large parts of the city are hilly, with the Schlossberg and the Österberg in the city centre and the Schnarrenberg and Herrlesberg, among others, rising immediately adjacent to the inner city.

The highest point is at about {{convert|500|m|2|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] near [[Bebenhausen]] in the Schönbuch forest, while the lowest point is {{convert|305|m|2|abbr=on}} in the city's eastern Neckar valley. The [[geographical centre]] of the state of Baden-Württemberg is in a small forest called Elysium, near the Botanical Gardens of the city's university.

==History==
{{further|County Palatine of Tübingen}}

The area was probably first settled by ancient humans in the 12th millennium BC. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] left some traces here in AD 85, when they built a [[Limes (Roman Empire)|limes]] frontier wall at the Neckar River. Tübingen dates from the 6th or 7th century, when the region was populated by the [[Alamanni]] people. Some historians argue that the [[Battle of Solicinium]] was fought at [[Spitzberg (Tübingen)|Spitzberg]], a mountain in Tübingen, in AD 367, although there is no evidence for this.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Tübingen first appears in official records in 1191. The local castle, ''Hohentübingen'', has records going back to 1078, when it was besieged by [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]], [[Kingdom of Germany|king of Germany]]. Its name was transcribed in [[Medieval Latin]] as {{Lang|la-x-medieval|Tuingia}} and {{Lang|la-x-medieval|Twingia}}.

From 1146, Count Hugo V (1125–52) was promoted to [[count palatine]] as Hugo I. Tübingen was established as the capital of a [[County Palatine of Tübingen]]. By 1231, Tübingen was a ''civitas'', indicating recognition by the Crown of civil liberties and a court system.

In 1262, an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] monastery was established by [[Pope Alexander IV]] in Tübingen; in 1272, a Franciscan monastery was founded. In 1300, a Latin school (today's Uhland-Gymnasium) was founded. During the Protestant Reformation, which Duke [[Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg|Ulrich]] of [[Duchy of Württemberg|Württemberg]] converted to, he disestablished the Franciscan monastery in 1535.

In 1342, the county palatine was sold to [[Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg]] and incorporated into the [[County of Württemberg]].

[[File:Tübingen - Neckarfront 04.jpg|thumb|right|265px|Tübingen, [[Neckarfront]]]]
[[File:Tübingen Markt BW 2015-04-27 15-43-00.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Shops lining the city square]]

Between 1470 and 1483, [[St. George's Collegiate Church, Tübingen|St. George's Collegiate Church]] was built. The collegiate church offices provided the opportunity for what soon afterwards became the most significant event in Tübingen's history: the founding of the [[University of Tübingen|Eberhard Karls University]] by [[Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg|Duke Eberhard im Bart of Württemberg]] in 1477, thus making it one of the oldest universities in Central Europe. It became soon renowned as one of the most influential places of learning in the [[Holy Roman Empire]], especially for [[theology]] (a [[Protestant]] faculty, [[Tübinger Stift]], was established in 1535 in the former Augustinian monastery). Today, the university is still the biggest source of income for the residents of the city and one of the biggest universities in [[Germany]] with more than 26,000 students.

In the course of the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Lutheran]] town was occupied by the [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]] between 1622 and 1625, by the Swedes in 1638, and by the French from 1647 to 1649. It was also devastated by plague.

In 1789, parts of the old town burned down, but were later rebuilt in the original style. In 1798 the ''[[Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', a leading newspaper in early 19th-century Germany, was founded in Tübingen by [[Johann Friedrich Cotta]]. At his residence, the ''Cottahaus'', a sign commemorates [[Goethe's]] stay of a few weeks while visiting his publisher: ''"Hier kotzte Goethe"'' (lit.: "[[Goethe]] puked here"). 

From the beginning of the 19th century, the town grew significantly beyond its medieval borders for the first time with the rectangular Wilhelmsvorstadt at the Neue Aula and the Botanical Garden. In 1861, with the opening on the right bank of the Neckar of today's main train station, Tübingen was connected to the [[Royal Württemberg State Railways]] network.

In 1873, the 10th [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]] Infantry Regiment was quartered in barracks erected behind the station, the later ''[[Thiepval]] Kaserne'' so named for the village where the regiment suffered heavy losses during the [[World War I|First World War]] [[Battle of the Somme]] in 1916. Another barracks was built in 1913, which had the name Neue Kaserne, but later got the name Loretto-Kaserne. In the 1930's, a further barracks was built in the course of [[Nazism|National Socialist]] [[German rearmament|rearmament]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Geschichtswerkstatt Tübingen (Hg.) |title=Tübingen, Historische Photographien einer Stadt |publisher=Wartberg Verlag |year=2001 |isbn=9783861348702 |location=Im Wiesenthal}}</ref>{{rp|21-22}} After the war all three barracks were occupied by French troops until 1991. All three barracks were repurposed and got new destination as homes for students and residents and for small shops and businesses or public services. The Loretto-Kaserne is now the Loretto Quarter. Today, the repurposed [[Paul von Hindenburg|Hindenburg]] Barracks are at the centre of an award-winning mixed business-residential development, the "French Quarter" (''Französische Viertel'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Französisches Viertel |url=https://www.tuebingen-info.de/attraktion/franzoesisches-viertel-81cb9d9080 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.tuebingen-info.de |language=de}}</ref> Since then Tübingen is demilitarised and no longer has any military units, military bases or military training areas. 

Tübingen was already a regional stronghold of National Socialism before [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|Hitler's ascent to power]] in January 1933.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulmer |first=Martin |last2=von Bremen |first2=Benedict |date=2025 |title=NS-Akteure in Tübingen {{!}} Tübingen im Nationalsozialismus |url=https://www.ns-akteure-in-tuebingen.de/bereiche/tuebingen-im-nationalsozialismus |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.ns-akteure-in-tuebingen.de}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{rp|19}} The university became a leading centre for research on the "[[Jewish question]]", with faculty in both the sciences and humanities contributing to the notions of "[[racial hygiene]]" that informed the [[Genocide|genocida]]<nowiki/>l policies of the new regime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Report of the Study Group "The University of Tübingen under National Socialism“ on Jews at the University of Tübingen under National Socialist domination |url=https://www.academia.edu/38109471/Jews_at_the_University_of_T%C3%BCbingen_under_National_Socialism |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiesing |first=Urban |last2=Brintzinger |first2=Klaus-Rainer |last3=Grün |first3=Bernd |last4=Junginger |first4=Horst |last5=Michl |first5=Susanne |date=2010 |title=Die Universität Tübingen im Nationalsozialismus {{!}} 400009974 |url=https://www.steiner-verlag.de/Die-Universitaet-Tuebingen-im-Nationalsozialismus/9783515099745 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Franz Steiner Verlag |language=de-DE}}</ref> On [[Kristallnacht]], November 9, 1938, the [[Sturmabteilung|Nazi Stormtroopers]] burned down the Tübingen Synagogue. Of the 23 members of [[synagogue]] who remained in Tübingen at the [[Outbreak of World War II|outbreak of war]], only two survived the [[The Holocaust|Shoah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewish history and the Synagogenplatz memorial {{!}} Geschichtswerkstatt Tübingen e.V. |url=https://www.geschichtswerkstatt-tuebingen.de/en/projects/memorial-synagogenplatz#:~:text=The%20T%C3%BCbingen%20Jews%20belonged%20to,,%20lawyers,%20doctors%20and%20bankers. |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.geschichtswerkstatt-tuebingen.de}}</ref>

In 1934, in a rare instance of resistance to the new order, [[:de:Corps_Suevia_Tübingen#cite_note-3|Corps Suevia]], one of the university's typically patriotic and conservative student fraternities (''[[Burschenschaft|Burschenschaften]]''), refused an order to exclude Jewish students and was dissolved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corps Suevia Tübingen – TUEpedia |url=https://www.tuepedia.de/wiki/Corps_Suevia_T%C3%BCbingen |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.tuepedia.de |language=de}}</ref>

There were three [[Strategic bombing during World War II|bombing raids]] on the town during [[World War II|Second World War]], but damage was comparatively slight: the Neckar Bridge and some 85 houses.<ref>Erich Keyser (1955), ''Württembergisches Städtebuch.'' Stuttgart, p. 489.</ref> In April 1945, the town was surrendered to the French who were to remain as [[French occupation zone in Germany|occupiers]] until the creation of the [[BRD (Germany)|German Federal Republic]] in 1949, and as an allied garrison until the end of the [[Cold War]] in the 1990s (after which, the vacated Thiepval Barracks served as a hostel for [[Asylum seeker|asylum seekers]] and German immigrants from Eastern Europe).<ref name=":0" />{{rp|21}} Consistent with the role of the [[Marshall Plan]] in post-war reconstruction, the [[United States]] also had a presence in the town. Originally the ''Amerika Haus,'' the German-American Institute ("d.a.i."), at the Neckar Bridge continues to promote English-language classes and "cultural exchange".<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the d.a.i. |url=https://www.dai-tuebingen.de/en/about-the-institute |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.dai-tuebingen.de |language=en}}</ref>

In 1946, under the French, Tübingen served as the capital of the consolidated state of [[Württemberg-Hohenzollern]], but in 1952, in a further amalgamation, it was absorbed in the federal state of [[Baden-Württemberg]] with its capital in [[Stuttgart]].

In the second half of the 20th century, Tübingen's administrative area was extended beyond what is now called the "core city" to include several outlying small towns and villages. Most notable among these is [[Bebenhausen]], a village clustered around a castle and [[Bebenhausen Abbey]], a [[Cistercian]] [[cloister]] about {{convert|2|mi|km}} north of Tübingen.

In the 1960s, Tübingen was one of the centres of the [[German student movement]] and of the [[protests of 1968]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Landesbildungsserver Baden-Württemberg |title=Die Studentenbewegung 1968/69 in Tübingen |url=https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/gesellschaftswissenschaftliche-und-philosophische-faecher/landeskunde-landesgeschichte/module/bp_2016/kursstufe-streben-nach-partizipation-und-wohlstand-in-der-brd/die-studentenbewegung-1968-69-in-tuebingen/ab1.pdf |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref> which made an issue of perceived continuities between the Federal Republic and the Hitler regime.<ref>Salvanou, Emilia (2022-05-23). "Memory and Protest in the West German Peace Movement of 1960s". ''Open Journal of Political Science''. '''12''' (3): 423–441.</ref> Emerging from this scene, in the early 1970s, a graduate of the university, [[Gudrun Ensslin]], led her [[Red Army Faction]] in a nation-wide campaign of bombing and assassination. 

In a town in which neither of the major federal parties, the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] and the [[CDU (Germany)|CDU]], could command majorities, in 1980 a very different successor to the generation of '68 emerged as an electoral force. Since 2004, the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Greens]]  have been the largest party in the local council (''Gemeinderat''). In the 2024 local elections (in which there was no mandate for the [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] or other far-right groupings), they commanded over a third of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeitung |first=Stuttgarter |title=Ergebnisse der Gemeinderatswahl 2024 in Tübingen |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.gemeinderatswahl-2024-bw-tuebingen-wahlergebnis.429ec11c-f45a-4333-8bb5-ea4e79abe5c3.html |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=stuttgarter-zeitung.de |language=de}}</ref>

==Overview==
{{As of|2020|alt=In 2020}}, the city had 90,000 inhabitants. Life in the city is dominated by its roughly 28,000 students. Tübingen is best described as a mixture of old and distinguished academic flair, including [[liberalism|liberal]] and [[green politics]] on one hand and traditional German-style [[Studentenverbindung|student fraternities]] on the other, with [[rural]]-[[agriculture|agricultural]] environs and shaped by typical [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]-[[Pietism|Pietist]] characteristics, such as [[austerity]] and a [[Protestant work ethic]], and traditional [[Swabia]]n elements, such as [[frugality]], [[:wikt:order|order]], and tidiness. The city is home to many picturesque buildings from previous centuries and lies on the River Neckar.

{{As of|1995|alt=In 1995}}, the German weekly magazine ''Focus'' published a national survey, according to which Tübingen had the highest quality of life of all cities in Germany. Factors taken into consideration included the infrastructure, the integration of bicycle lanes into the road system, a bus system connecting surrounding hills and valleys, late-night services, areas of the city that can be reached on foot, the pedestrianised old town, and other amenities and cultural events offered by the university. Tübingen is the city with the youngest average population in Germany.

==Main sights==
[[File:TuebingenNeckar.jpg|right|thumb|265px|View from the tower of Stiftskirche]]In central Tübingen, the Neckar divides briefly into two streams, forming the elongated ''[[Neckarinsel, Tübingen|Neckarinsel]]'' (Neckar Island), famous for its ''Platanenallee'' with high [[plane tree]]s, which are around 200 years old, and for the National Socialist-themed memorial to the composer and [[Volkslied]] collector, [[Friedrich Silcher]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|33}} 

Pedestrians can reach the island via stairs on the narrow ends leading down from a bridge spanning the Neckar, and by a smaller foot bridge nearer the middle of the island. During the summer, the ''Neckarinsel'' is occasionally the venue for concerts, plays, and literary readings. The row of historical houses across one side of the elongated ''Neckarinsel'' is called the ''[[Neckarfront]]'' and includes the house with adjoining tower where poet and philosopher [[Friedrich Hölderlin]] spent the last 36 years of his life, as he struggled with mental instability.<ref>{{cite book |last=Warminski |first=Andrzej |title=Readings in Interpretation: Hölderlin, Hegel, Heidegger |date=1987 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |series=Theory and History of Literature |volume=26 |page=209}}</ref> [[File:Baden-Württemberg Tübingen 03.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Tübingen city hall]]
[[File:TuebingenNeckarfront3.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Neckar and Hölderlinturm]]
[[File:TuebingenStiftskirche.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Stiftskirche]]
[[File:Tübingen street art.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Tübingen street art near Blaue Brücke]]

Tübingen's ''Altstadt'' (old town) survived [[World War II]] due to the city's lack of heavy industry. The result is a growing domestic [[tourism]] business as visitors come to wander through one of the few completely intact historic ''Altstädte'' in Germany. The highlights of Tübingen include its crooked cobblestone lanes, narrow-stair alleyways picking their way through the hilly terrain, streets lined with canals, and well-maintained traditional [[Timber framing|half-timbered]] houses.

Old city landmarks include the city hall on Markt Square and the Hohentübingen Castle, now part of the University of Tübingen. The central landmark is the ''[[Stiftskirche (Tübingen)|Stiftskirche]]'' (Collegiate Church). Along with the rest of the city, the Stiftskirche was one of the first to convert to [[Martin Luther]]'s [[protestant]] church. As such, it maintains (and carefully defends) several "[[Roman Catholic]]" features, such as [[patron saints]]. Below the ''Rathaus'' is a quiet, residential street called the ''Judengasse'', the former [[Jewish]] neighborhood of Tübingen until the city's Jews were expelled in 1477. On the street corner is a plaque commemorating the fate of Tübingen's [[Jews]].

The centre of Tübingen is the site of weekly and seasonal events, including regular market days on the ''Holzmarkt'' by the Stiftskirche and the ''Marktplatz'' by the Rathaus, an [[outdoor cinema]] in winter and summer, festive autumn and Christmas markets and (formerly) Europe's largest Afro-Brazilian festival.

Students and tourists also come to the Neckar River in the summer to visit beer gardens or go boating in ''Stocherkähne'', the Tübingen equivalent of [[Oxford]] and [[Cambridge]] [[punt (boat)|punts]], only slimmer. A ''Stocherkahn'' carries up to 20 people. On the second Thursday of June, all ''Stocherkahn'' punts take part in a major race, the ''[[Stocherkahnrennen]]''.

[[Bebenhausen Abbey]] lies in the village of Bebenhausen, a district of Tübingen. A subdivision of the pilgrimage route known as the [[Way of St. James]] starts here and runs through Tübingen.

== Government ==
Tübingen is governed by the mayor, elected by citizens every eight years, and by the municipal council, elected by citizens every five years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politik und Gremien |url=https://www.tuebingen.de/7.html |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.tuebingen.de |language=de}}</ref> [[Boris Palmer]], a former member of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Greens]], has been mayor since 2007, re-elected in 2014 and 2022 and on his third term until 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oberbürgermeister |url=https://www.tuebingen.de/75.html |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.tuebingen.de |language=de}}</ref>

Tübingen's council decided that the city should be climate-neutral by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tübingen klimaneutral 2030 |url=https://www.tuebingen.de/29645.html |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.tuebingen.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.tuebingen.de/Dateien/broschuere_klimaschutzprogramm.pdf |title=Klimaschutzprogramm 2020 bis 2030 für die Zielsetzung "Tübingen klimaneutral 2030" |publisher=Universitätsstadt Tübingen. Stabsstelle Umwelt- und Klimaschutz |year=2022 |location= |language=de}}</ref> In 2022, the city was the first in Germany to tax [[disposable food packaging]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Federal Administrative Court confirms legality of local packaging tax in city of Tübingen |url=https://globaltaxnews.ey.com/news/2023-0995-german-federal-administrative-court-confirms-legality-of-local-packaging-tax-in-city-of-tbingen |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=globaltaxnews.ey.com}}</ref> Restaurants in Tübingen are charged 50 cents per disposable cup and cardboard bowl, and 20 cents per piece of cutlery.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keck |first=Christine |date=2023-05-26 |title=(S+) Boris Palmer zur Verpackungsteuer: »Wir setzen auf den Trieb des Menschen, Steuern zu sparen« |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/leute/boris-palmer-zur-verpackungssteuer-wir-setzen-auf-den-trieb-des-menschen-steuern-zu-sparen-a-d4306d4e-2e48-449f-ba35-4391a6593744 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-06-09 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref>

=== Regional structure ===
[[File:Neckar watershed closer.gif|right|thumb|220px|Tübingen (lower right) on the Neckar, in southwest Germany]]
Tübingen is the capital of an [[Tübingen (district)|eponymous district]] and an [[Tübingen (region)|eponymous administrative region (''Regierungsbezirk'')]], before 1973 called ''Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern''.

Tübingen and [[Reutlingen]] with a population of over 100,000 (about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} east) form a large centre of the [[Neckar-Alb]] region. Both cities are based on a  different heritage and always belonged to different administrative entities. While they both had a long lasting rivalry they also complement each other. Reutlingen is more business oriented and industrialized and is successful in engineering and trade, while Tübingen excels in education and science, specialized health care and arts. The double centre is surrounded by smaller cities and connected to Albstadt, Balingen, Hechingen, Metzingen, Münsingen, Rottenburg, that each form middle centres and contribute to the high population density of the region. 

Administratively, it is not part of the [[Stuttgart Region]], bordering it to the north and west ([[Böblingen (district)|Böblingen district]]). However, the city and northern parts of its district can be regarded as belonging to that region in a wider regional and cultural context.

=== Districts ===
Tübingen is divided into 22 districts, the city core of twelve districts (population of about 51,000) and ten outer districts (suburbs) (population of about 31,000):

Core city districts:

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* Französisches Viertel
* Österberg
* Schönblick/Winkelwiese
* [[Lustnau]]
* [[Südstadt (Tübingen)|Südstadt]]
* Universität
* Waldhäuser Ost
* [[Wanne, Germany|Wanne]]
* Weststadt
* Zentrum
{{div col end}}

Outer districts:

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Bebenhausen]]
* [[Bühl (Tübingen)|Bühl]]
* Derendingen
* [[Hagelloch]]
* [[Hirschau (Tübingen)|Hirschau]]
* [[Kilchberg (Tübingen)|Kilchberg]]
* [[Pfrondorf]]
* [[Unterjesingen]]
* Weilheim, Baden-Württemberg
{{div col end}}

==Culture==
Tübingen has a notable arts culture as well as nightlife. In addition to the full roster of official and unofficial university events that range from presentations by the university's official poet in residence to parties hosted by the student associations of each faculty, the city can boast of several choirs, theatre companies and nightclubs. Also, Tübingen's ''[[Kunsthalle Tübingen|Kunsthalle]]'' (art exhibition hall), on the "Wanne", houses two or three exhibits of international note each year.

===Events===
There are several festivals, open air markets and other events on a regular basis:

* January
** Arab Movie Festival ''Arabisches Filmfestival''
* April
** Latin American Movie Festival ''CineLatino'' (usually in April or May)
* May 
** ''Internationales Pianisten-Festival'' (international festival of pianists) 
** Rock Festival ''Rock im Tunnel'' (usually in May or June)
* June [[File:Neckar Stocherkahn.JPG|thumb|265px|A ''Stocherkahn'' ([[punt (boat)|punt]])]] [[File:ArminiaStocherkahn.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Stocherkahn boats during a race]] 
** Poled boat race ({{langx|de|[[:de:Stocherkahnrennen|Stocherkahnrennen]]}}), second Thursday of June, 2pm, around the [[Neckarinsel, Tübingen|Neckar Island]] 
** ''Ract!festival'', an alternative open air festival for free with music performances and workshops
** ''Tübinger Wassermusik'': concerts on ''Stocherkahn'' boats
* July 
** ''Stadtfest'': gastronomy and performances in the streets of the old town 
** ''Tübinger Sommerinsel'' festival: various restaurants serving special meals and associations offering activities on the Neckar Island 
* August 
** ''Tübinger Orgelsommer'': organ concerts in the Stiftskirche 
** ''Sommerkonzerte'' in the former monastery of [[Bebenhausen]] (July–September) 
** ''Kennen Sie Tübingen?'' (Do you know Tübingen?): special guided tours on Mondays July–September 
* September 
** ''Vielklang'': classic music concerts at several locations 
** ''Umbrisch-Provenzalischer Markt'', open air market for Italian and French products from Umbria and Provence 
** ''Tübinger Stadtlauf'' the city 10&nbsp;km race
** ''Retromotor'' oldtimer festival (usually second or third September weekend)
* October
** ''Jazz- und Klassiktage'': jazz and classic music festival
** Kite festival ''Drachenfest'' on the Österberg hill (usually third Sunday in October)
** French movie festival ''Französische Filmtage''
* November
** Terre de femmes movie festival ''FrauenWelten''
*December
** ''Nikolauslauf'' half marathon outside Tübingen in the forest
** ''[[Die Feuerzangenbowle]]'' film and large amount of [[Feuerzangenbowle]] drink made in a public square
** Chocolate festival ''[[chocolART]]''
** Christmas market

==Population==
===Population development===
Since [[World War II]], Tübingen's population has almost doubled from about 45,000 to the current 88,000, also due to the incorporation of formerly independent villages into the city in the 1970s.

Currently, Lord Mayor Boris Palmer (Green Party) has set the ambitious goal of increasing the population of Tübingen to 100,000 within the next several years. To achieve this, the city is closing gaps between buildings within the city proper by allowing new houses to be built there; this is also to counter the tendency of [[urban sprawl]] and [[land consumption]] that has been endangering the preservation of rural landscapes of Southern Germany. [http://karte.immobilien-kompass.de/wohnen/tuebingen#details]

===Historical population===
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1871|16176
|1880|19378
|1890|20913
|1900|23425
|1910|28499
|1925|29971
|1933|34112
|1939|35963
|1950|44221
|1956|51454
|1961|58768
|1965|63450 
|1970|66788
|1975|71348
|1980|73132
|1985|75825
|1989|78643
|1996|81911
|2001|82444
|2006|83557
|2011|89011
|2015|87464
|2019|91506
}}

==Climate==

Tübingen has an oceanic climate, Cfb in the [[Köppen climate classification]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tübingen Climate (Germany) |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/germany/baden-wuerttemberg/tuebingen-22712/ |website=Climate Data |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Tübingen (1991–2020)
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan mean C = 1.3
|Feb mean C = 2.1
|Mar mean C = 5.8
|Apr mean C = 9.9
|May mean C = 14.0
|Jun mean C = 17.6
|Jul mean C = 19.3
|Aug mean C = 18.9
|Sep mean C = 14.5
|Oct mean C = 10.0
|Nov mean C = 5.1
|Dec mean C = 2.1
|year mean C =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 45.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 39.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 45.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 44.2
|May precipitation mm = 87.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 83.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 89.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 78.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 55.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 58.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 52.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 52.1
|year precipitation mm = 
|Jan sun = 60.8
|Feb sun = 86
|Mar sun = 137.4
|Apr sun = 181.6
|May sun = 204.8
|Jun sun = 222.3
|Jul sun = 240
|Aug sun = 225.2
|Sep sun = 166.5
|Oct sun = 113.1
|Nov sun = 65
|Dec sun = 51.7
|year sun =

|source = ''[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lufttemperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020 |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/temp_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428 |website=dwd.de |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |access-date=23 February 2024|no-pp=y |language=German |trans-title=Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/nieder_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428 |title=Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020 |access-date=23 February 2024|website=dwd.de |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |no-pp=y |language=German |trans-title=Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/sonne_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428 |title=Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020 |website=dwd.de |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |access-date=23 February 2024 |no-pp=y |language=German |trans-title=Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020 }}</ref>}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Tübingen is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.tuebingen.de/12.html|website=tuebingen.de|publisher=Tübingen|language=de|access-date=2021-03-17}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Monthey]], Switzerland (1959)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], France (1960)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Kingersheim]], France (1963)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], United States (1965)
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[County Durham|Durham]], UK (1969)
*{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Aigle]], Switzerland (1973)
*{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Kilchberg, Zürich|Kilchberg]], Switzerland (1981)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Perugia]], Italy (1984)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Petrozavodsk]], Russia (1989)
*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Villa El Salvador]], Peru (2006)
*{{flagicon|TZA}} [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]], Tanzania (2014)
{{div col end}}

For their commitment to their international partnership, the [[Council of Europe]] awarded the [[Europe Prize]] to Tübingen and Aix-en-Provence in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuebingen.de/en/1560_1587.html|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Universitätsstadt Tübingen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417002710/http://www.tuebingen.de/en/1560_1587.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2009}}</ref> The city's dedication to European understanding is also reflected in the naming of several streets and squares, including the large ''Europaplatz'' (Europe Square) outside the railway station.

==Infrastructure==
By plane: Tübingen is about {{convert|35|km|2|abbr=on}} from the Baden-Württemberg state airport (''Landesflughafen Stuttgart'', also called [[Stuttgart Airport]]).

By automobile: Tübingen is on the ''[[Bundesstraße 27]]'' (a "federal road") that crosses through Baden-Württemberg, connecting the city with [[Würzburg]], [[Heilbronn]], Stuttgart and the ''Landesflughafen'' ([[Stuttgart Airport]]) to the north and [[Rottweil]] and [[Donaueschingen]] to the south.

By rail: [[Tübingen Hauptbahnhof]] is the terminus of several train lines and a major railway hub. There is  the [[Regional-Express|regional train]] line [[Neckar-Alb Railway]]-Bahn (''Neckar-Alb-Bahn'') from [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof]] via Esslingen and Reutlingen to Tübingen. The average time of travel to Stuttgart is 1:01 hrs., with some trains taking only 45 mins. Other regional lines are the ''[[Hohenzollerische Landesbahn]]'', connecting the city with [[Hechingen]] and [[Sigmaringen]] (so-called [[Zollernalb Railway]]), ''[[Zollernalbkreis|Zollernalbbahn]]'' and connections to [[Herrenberg]] ([[Ammer Valley Railway]], ''Ammertalbahn'') and [[Horb]] ([[Upper Neckar Railway]], ''Obere Neckarbahn''). Since 2009, there is also a daily direct [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|Intercity]] link to [[Mannheim]], [[Cologne]] and [[Düsseldorf]] as well as to [[Berlin]].

Local public transport: The city, due to its high student population, features an extensive public bus network with more than 20 lines connecting the city districts and places outside of Tübingen such as [[Ammerbuch]], [[Gomaringen]] and [[Nagold]]. There are also several night bus lines in the early hours every day. A direct bus is available to Stuttgart Airport (via [[Leinfelden-Echterdingen]]) as well as to [[Böblingen]] and [[Reutlingen]].

==Sport==
[[Tigers Tübingen]] are the city's only professional sports team, playing [[basketball]]. They play in the [[Paul Horn-Arena]].

==Education==
===Higher education and research===
[[File:Neue Aula in Tübingen zur blauen Stunde 2019.jpg|thumb|right|265px|Tübingen University Main Building (Neue Aula)]]
[[File:Germany Tübingen Student.jpg|thumb|right|265px|Tübingen student]]
The [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]] dates from 1477, making it one of the oldest in Germany. Including the university hospitals, it is also the city's largest employer. The town is also host to several research institutes including the [[Max Planck Gesellschaft|Max Planck Institutes]] for [[Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics|Biological Cybernetics]], [[Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology|Developmental Biology]], [[Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems|Intelligent Systems]], [[The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the MPG]], and the [[Max Planck Institute for Biology]], the [[Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research]], the [[Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience]] and many others. A modern technology park is growing in the northern part of the city, where science, industrial companies and start-ups are conducting joint research, primarily on biotechnology and artificial intelligence. The university also maintains a [[botanical garden]], the [[Botanischer Garten der Universität Tübingen]]. Furthermore, there is a Protestant College of Church Music.

===Schools===
More than 10,000 children and young adults in Tübingen regularly attend school. There are 30 schools in the city, some of which consist of more than one type of school. Of these, 17 are [[Primary education|primary schools]] while the others are for [[secondary education]]: four schools are of the lowest rank, ''[[Hauptschule]]'', three of the middle rank, ''[[Realschule]]'', and six are ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]]'' (grammar schools). There also are four [[vocational school]]s (''[[Berufsschule]]'') and three special needs schools.
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
'''Primary schools'''
* Freie Aktive Schule Tübingen
* Grundschule Innenstadt / Silcherschule
* Grundschule Weilheim
* Ludwig-Krapf-Schule
* Grundschule Hügelstraße
* Französische Schule
* Dorfackerschule Lustnau
* Grundschule Hirschau
* Grundschule Hechinger Eck
* Grundschule auf der Wanne
* Grundschule Aischbach
* [http://www.grundschule-wiwo.de Grundschule Winkelwiese / Waldhäuser Ost]
* Grundschule Bühl
* Grundschule Bühl
* Grundschule Kilchberg
* Grundschule Hagelloch
* Grundschule Pfrondorf
* Grundschule Unterjesingen

<!-- Somebody ought to put this lot into boxes/a table. Also the names such as Hauptschulen need translating -->
'''''Hauptschulen'''''
* Dorfackerschule Lustnau
* Mörikeschule
* [[Geschwister-Scholl-Schule (Tübingen)|Geschwister-Scholl-Schule]]
* Hauptschule Innenstadt

'''''Realschulen'''''
* Walter-Erbe-Realschule
* Albert-Schweitzer-Realschule
* Geschwister-Scholl-Schule

'''''Gymnasien'''''
* Carlo-Schmid-Gymnasium
* Geschwister-Scholl-Schule
* Kepler-Gymnasium
* Uhland-Gymnasium
* Wildermuth-Gymnasium
* Freie Waldorfschule

'''Vocational schools''' (''Berufsschulen'')
* Gewerbliche Schule
* Wilhelm-Schickard-Schule
* Mathilde-Weber-Schule
* Bildungs- und Technologiezentrum
{{div col end}}

==People==
{{Main|Category:People from Tübingen}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen]] (died 1247)
*[[Pier Paolo Vergerio]] the Younger (1498–1565), ecclesiastical diplomat, Catholic bishop and later Protestant reformer, lived and died here
*[[Primož Trubar]] (1508–1586), Protestant reformer of the Lutheran tradition, lived and died here
*[[Johann Ludwig Brassicanus]] (1509–1549), an advisor to the Habsburg monarchy.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Johann Ludwig Brassicanus |volume= 2 |last= Sauer |first= Joseph |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Christopher Besoldus]] (1577–1638), lawyer and publicist.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Christopher Besoldus |volume= 2 |last= Weber |first= N.A. |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Rudolf Jakob Camerarius]] (1665–1721), botanist and physician.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Camerarius, Rudolf Jakob |volume= 5 |page= 108|short=1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Georg Gmelin]] (1709–1755), naturalist, botanist and explorer of Siberia
*[[Philipp Friedrich Gmelin]] (1721–1768), botanist and chemist 
*[[Jeremiah Meyer]] RA (1735–1789), English [[Portrait miniature|miniature painter]].<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle= Meyer, Jeremiah |volume= 37 |last= O'Donoghue |first= Freeman Marius |author-link= |pages= 316-317 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin]] (1744–1774), physician and botanist
*[[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] (1748–1804), chemist and botanist
*[[Johann Friedrich Cotta]] (1764–1832), publisher of many important writers of his time, industrial pioneer and politician; took over the local family publishing business.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Cotta (family) |volume= 7 |pages= 250-251 |quote= see para 3 = .....Johann Friedrich, Freiherr Cotta von Cottendorf (1764–1832), who was born at Stuttgart on.....|date=1911|short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin]] (1782–1848), physician
*[[Ludwig Uhland]] (1787–1862), poet and philologist, lawyer and politician, a leading figure of the [[German revolutions of 1848–1849]] as a member of national parliament, lived and died here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Uhland, Johann Ludwig |volume= 27 |pages= 563-564|short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Friedrich Silcher]] (1789–1860), composer, lived and died here
*[[Christian Gottlob Gmelin]] (1792–1860), chemist, re. [[lithium salts]] 
*[[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] (1810–1881), missionary in East Africa.<ref>{{Cite NIE |wstitle= Krapf, Johann Ludwig |volume= XI | page= |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Friedrich von Huene]] (1875–1969), [[paleontologist]] re. [[dinosaur]]s 
*[[Hermann Hesse]] (1877–1962), poet, novelist and painter, local bookseller trainee in 1895–1899, [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1946 
*[[Ernst Fritz Schmid]] (1904–1960), musicologist and Mozart scholar 
*[[Geoffrey Elton|Sir Geoffrey Elton]] (1921–1994), political historian
*[[Felicia Langer]] (1930–2018), attorney and human rights activist, lived and died here
*[[Werner Spies]] (born 1937), art historian and journalist 
*[[Helmut Haussmann]] (born 1943), academic and politician
*[[Hans-Peter Uhl]] (1944–2019), politician (CSU)
*[[Hartmut Zinser]] (born 1944), scholar in [[religious studies]]
*[[Eva Haule]] (born 1954), former [[Red Army Faction|RAF]] terrorist
*[[Vera Wülfing-Leckie]] (1954–2021), [[homeopath]] and translator
*[[Matthias Untermann]] (born 1956), [[art historian]] and [[Medieval archaeology|archaeologist]] 
*[[Viola Vogel]] (born 1959), biophysicist and bioengineer
*[[Michael Theurer]] (born 1967), politician (FDP) and [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]]
*[[Despina Vandi]] (born 1969), a Greek singer
*[[Clemens Schick]] (born 1972), actor
*[[Boris Palmer]] (born 1972), current Lord Mayor
*[[Max Hofmann]] (born 1974), Head of News at [[Deutsche Welle]]
*[[Benjamin Heisenberg]] (born 1974), film director and screenwriter
*[[Sung Yu-ri]] (born 1981), a South Korean actress and singer.

=== Sport ===
*[[Sigi Schmid]] (1953–2018), football coach
*[[Uwe Dreher]] (1960–2016), former footballer (300 games)
*[[Dieter Baumann]] (born 1965), track and field athlete, Olympic gold and silver medallist, lives here
*[[Marvin Compper]] (born 1985), football manager and a former player
*[[Kim Bui]] (born 1989), a retired Olympic [[artistic gymnast]]. 
*[[Thilo Kehrer]] (born 1996), football player (27 x national team) 
*[[Amelie Berger]] (born 1999), handball player (61 x national team) 
{{div col end}}

== Alumni from the university ==
{{Main|Category:University of Tübingen alumni}} 
*[[Johann Reuchlin]] (1455–1522), Catholic humanist and scholar of Greek and Hebrew.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Reuchlin, Johann |volume= 23 | last= Smith |first= William Robertson |author-link= William Robertson Smith |page=|short=1}}</ref>
*[[Philip Melanchthon]] (1497–1560), Lutheran reformer.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Melanchthon, Philipp |volume= 18 |pages= 88-89 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Johannes Kepler]] (1571–1630), astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Kepler, Johann | volume= 15 |last1= Clerke |first1= Agnes Mary |author1-link= Agnes Mary Clerke | pages = 749&ndash;751 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Schickard]] (1592–1635), professor of Hebrew and astronomy, inventor of the world's first mechanical calculator, lived and died here
*[[Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim]] (1594–1632), a [[field marshal]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], studied here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Count of |volume= 20 |pages= 739-740 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Rudolf Jakob Camerarius]] (1655–1721), botanist and professor, proved for the first time the sexual reproduction of plants.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Camerarius, Rudolf Jakob |volume= 5 |page= 108 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Christoph Martin Wieland]] (1733–1813), classical writer of the Enlightenment.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Wieland, Christoph Martin |volume= 28 | last= Robertson |first= John George |author-link= John George Robertson |pages=621-622 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Sir James Steuart Denham, 8th Baronet]] (1744–1839), a Scottish soldier of the British Army, Uni attendance, 1757 to 1761.
*[[Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger|J. G. Friedrich von Bohnenberger]] (1765–1835), pioneer of a modern geodesy, inventor of the gyroscope 
*[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] (1770–1831), philosopher of Idealism, studied here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich |volume = 13 |last1=  Wallace |first1= William |author-link1= William Wallace (philosopher) |last2= Muirhead |first2= J. H. |author-link2= J. H. Muirhead |pages=200-207 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Friedrich Hölderlin]] (1770–1843), poet and philosopher, studied, lived and died here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich |volume= 13 |page= 583 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]] (1775–1854), philosopher of Idealism, studied here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von |volume = 24 |last1= Adamson |first1= Robert |author-link1= Robert Adamson (philosopher) |last2= Mitchell |first2= John Malcolm |author-link2= |pages=316-319 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Friedrich List]] (1789–1846), economist, university professor.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= List, Friedrich |volume= 16 |pages= 776-777 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Ferdinand Christian Baur]] (1792–1860), Protestant theologian, lived and died here.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Baur, Ferdinand Christian |volume= 3 | last= Canney |first= Maurice Arthur |author-link= |pages=540-541 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Immanuel Hermann Fichte]] (1796–1879), philosopher, held a chair of philosophy at the university.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von |volume= 10 |page= 313 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Hauff]] (1802–1827), writer of the early Romantic period.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Hauff, Wilhelm |volume= 13 |page= 65 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Eduard Mörike]] (1804–1875), Lutheran pastor, poet and writer of the Romantic period.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Mörike, Eduard Friedrich |volume= 18 |page= 837 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[David Strauss]] (1808–1874), Protestant theologian and writer.<ref>{{cite EB9 |wstitle = Strauss, David Friedrich |volume= XXII |last= Smith |first= John Frederick |author-link= | pages= |short=1 }}</ref>
*[[Adelbert von Keller]] (1812–1883), a German philologist, studied locally.<ref>{{Cite NIE |wstitle= Keller, Adelbert von |volume= XI | page= |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Georg Herwegh]] (1817–1875), poet, revolutionist.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Herwegh, Georg |volume= 13 |page= 405 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Felix Hoppe-Seyler]] (1825–1895), founded the disciplines of biochemistry and molecular biology, discovered the blood pigment [[hemoglobin]] 
*[[Lothar Meyer]] (1830–1895), chemist,  one of the founders of the periodic table of chemical elements alongside Dmitri Mendeleev.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Meyer, Julius Lothar |volume= 18 |pages= 348-349 |short=1}}</ref> 
*[[Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg]] (1836–1927), an Austrian mineralogist, local [[PhD]].<ref>{{Cite NIE |wstitle= Tschermak, Gustav |volume= XIX | page= |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Franz Xaver von Funk]] (1840–1907), a Catholic theologian and historian, educated locally.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Franz Xaver von Funk |volume= 6 |last= Kirsch |first= Johann Peter |author-link= Johann Peter Kirsch |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Friedrich Miescher]] (1844–1895), physician and biologist, discoverer of the nucleic acid as a precondition for the identification of DNA 
*[[Ferdinand Braun]] (1850–1918), inventor, professor, [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], 1909
*[[Carl Correns]] (1864–1933), botanist and geneticist 
*[[Alois Alzheimer]] (1864–1915), psychiatrist and neuropathologist 
*[[Gerhard Anschütz]] (1867–1948), jurisprudent
*[[Albert Schweitzer]] (1875–1965), theologian, writer, humanitarian, philosopher and physician, [[Nobel Peace Prize]], 1952
*[[Ernst Bloch]] (1885–1977), philosopher, lived and died here 
*[[Gerhard Rohlfs]] (1892–1986), [[Romance languages|Romance]] [[linguist]], lived and died here 
*[[Kurt Georg Kiesinger]] (1904–1988), politician, Chancellor of Germany 1966–69, lived and died here 
*[[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] (1906–1945), Lutheran theologian and pastor, anti-Nazi-dissident, studied here 
*[[Hans Mayer]] (1907–2001), literary scholar and critic, lived and died here 
*[[Walter Jens]] (1923–2013), philologist, writer and university professor of rhetoric,  lived and died here 
*[[Martin Walser]] (1927–2023), writer, studied here 
*[[Pope Benedict XVI]] (1927–2022), held a chair of dogmatic theology at the university 1966–69 
*[[Hans Küng]] (1928–2021), Roman-Catholic theologian and author, professor of theology, critic of the official church, creator of [[Foundation for a Global Ethic]] (Stiftung Weltethos), lived and died here 
*[[Ralf Dahrendorf]] (1929–2009), held a chair of sociology 
*[[Manfred Korfmann]] (1942–2005), archeologist and professor, excavator of ancient Troy 
*[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] (born 1942), developmental biologist and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], 1995, lives here 
*[[Horst Köhler]] (born 1943), politician, President of Germany 2004–2010

==See also==
*[[Deutsch-Amerikanisches Institut Tübingen]]
*[[Tübingen Tarock]], a form of Tarot game from Tübingen

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{wikivoyage|Tübingen}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
*[https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/ Eberhard Karls University] {{in lang|de|en}}

{{Cities and towns in Tübingen (district)}}
{{Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tubingen}}
[[Category:Tübingen| ]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Tübingen (district)]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Neckar basin]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Germany]]
[[Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg]]