Editing Svratka (river)

{{Infobox river
| name              = Svratka
| image             = Soutok Svratky a Svitavy za obvyklých podmínek.jpg
| image_caption     = Confluence of the Svratka (left) and Svitava
| source1_location  = [[Cikháj]], [[Upper Svratka Highlands]]
| mouth_location    = [[Thaya]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|48|54|16|N|16|36|44|E|display=it}}
| progression       = {{RThaya}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Czech Republic]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Regions]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|[[Vysočina Region|Vysočina]]|[[South Moravian Region|South Moravian]]}}
| length_km         = 168.5
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|772|m}}
| mouth_elevation   = {{cvt|163|m}}
| discharge1_avg    = {{convert|27.24|m3/s|abbr=on}} near estuary
| basin_size_km2    = 7115.6
}}
The '''Svratka''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈsvratka}}; {{langx|de|Schwarzach}}) is a [[river]] in the [[Czech Republic]], a left [[tributary]] of the [[Thaya]] River. It flows through the [[Vysočina Region|Vysočina]] and [[South Moravian Region|South Moravian]] regions, including the city of [[Brno]]. It is {{convert|168.5|km|abbr=on}} long, making it the 9th longest river in the Czech Republic.

==Etymology==
According to one theory, the name originates from the [[Proto-Slavic language|Proto-Slavic]] verb ''vort'' (''vrátit'' in modern Czech), which meant "to return". It denoted "a returning river" (which meant meandering river). Another theory is that the name was derived from the Germanic ''Swarta'', which meant "black water". Sometimes the river was colloquially referred to as ''Švarcava'' or ''Švorcava''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Svoboda|first=Jiří|title=O původu názvů českých řek|url=https://sites.google.com/site/bskotyz/home/jiri-svoboda/o-puavodu-nazvua-rek|language=cs|date=2011-09-08|access-date=2019-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025122958/https://sites.google.com/site/bskotyz/home/jiri-svoboda/o-puavodu-nazvua-rek|archive-date=2020-10-25}}</ref>

==Characteristic==
[[File:Cikháj - pramen Svratky obr01.jpg|thumb|The source of the Svratka]]
The Svratka originates in the territory of [[Cikháj]] in the [[Upper Svratka Highlands]] at an elevation of {{cvt|772|m}} and flows to the [[Nové Mlýny reservoirs]], where it enters the Thaya River in [[Dolní Věstonice]] at an elevation of {{cvt|163|m}}. It is {{convert|168.5|km|abbr=on}} long, making it the [[List of rivers of the Czech Republic|9th longest river in the Czech Republic]]. Its [[drainage basin]] has an area of {{convert|7115.6|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=dibavod>{{cite web |title=Základní charakteristiky toku Svratka a jeho povodí|url=https://www.dibavod.cz/download.php?id_souboru=2402|publisher=T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref>

The longest tributaries of the Svratka are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Vodní toky|url=https://mapy.chmi.cz/ords/chmi_app/r/fewshlprf/stream-list?|work=Evidence hlásných profilů|publisher=[[Czech Hydrometeorological Institute]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-10-18}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tributary !! Length (km) !! River km !! Side
|-
| [[Jihlava (river)|Jihlava]] || 180.8 || 0.1 || right
|-
| [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]] || 98.4 || 40.7 || left
|-
| [[Bobrůvka (river)|Bobrůvka]] || 62.6 || 78.9 || right
|-
| [[Litava (river)|Litava]] || 58.6 || 29.0 || left
|-
| Bobrava || 37.6 || 36.8 || right
|-
| Bílý potok || 36.0 || 67.0 || right
|-
| Šatava || 32.0 || 9.9 || right
|-
| Nedvědička || 30.2 || 89.1 || right
|-
| Bystřice || 26.2 || 113.5 || right
|-
| Hodonínka || 24.4 || 103.0 || left
|-
| Lubě || 24.1 || 73.7 || left
|-
| Fryšávka || 23.8 || 125.5 || right
|}

==Settlements==
[[File:Svratka na Starém Brně.jpg|thumb|The Svratka in Brno]]
The most notable settlement on the Svratka is the city of [[Brno]], where the [[Svitava (river)|Svitava]] flows into the river. The river flows past the following municipalities: [[Cikháj]], [[Herálec (Žďár nad Sázavou District)|Herálec]], [[Svratka (Žďár nad Sázavou District)|Svratka]], [[Křižánky]], [[Březiny]], [[Krásné (Žďár nad Sázavou District)|Krásné]], [[Spělkov]], [[Telecí]], [[Borovnice (Žďár nad Sázavou District)|Borovnice]], [[Jimramov]], [[Strachujov]], [[Unčín]], [[Dalečín]], [[Chlum-Korouhvice]], [[Vír]], [[Koroužné]], [[Štěpánov nad Svratkou]], [[Ujčov]], [[Nedvědice]], [[Černvír]], [[Doubravník]], [[Borač, Czech Republic|Borač]], [[Štěpánovice (Brno-Country District)|Štěpánovice]], [[Tišnov]], [[Veverská Bítýška]], Brno, [[Modřice]], [[Rajhrad]], [[Židlochovice]], [[Nosislav]], [[Velké Němčice]], [[Vranovice (Brno-Country District)|Vranovice]], [[Pouzdřany]], [[Ivaň (Brno-Country District)|Ivaň]] and [[Dolní Věstonice]].

In the section from Březiny to Borovnice, the river forms the border between the Vysočina and [[Pardubice Region|Pardubice]] regions. In the section from Herálec to Jimramov, the river also forms the border between the historical lands of [[Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]].

==Bodies of water==
The reservoirs [[Brno Reservoir|Brno]] ({{cvt|259|ha}}), Vír I ({{cvt|224|ha}}) and Vír II ({{cvt|13|ha}}) are built on the Svratka. The largest body of water in the basin area is the [[Dalešice Hydro Power Plant#Dalešice Reservoir|Dalešice Reservoir]] with an area of {{cvt|463|ha}}, which is built on the Jihlava River. There are 4,942 bodies of water in the basin area.<ref name=dibavod/>

==Economy==
The Svratka is among the popular rivers for [[nautical tourism|river tourism]]. Two of its sections are navigable; however, the upper section is navigable only during the spring thaw and after heavy rains, and the lower section depends on the discharge of the Vír I and Vír II reservoirs. A short [[Canoe slalom|slalom channel]] is built between Vír I and Vír II.<ref>{{cite web |title=Řeka Svratka|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/reka-svratka|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Svratka – řeka pro jarní nadšence i turisty|url=https://www.padler.cz/vodacky-pruvodce/svratka-reka-pro-jarni-nadsence-i-turisty-2/|publisher=Pádler|language=cs|date=2017-11-10|access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Svratka (river)}}
*[https://hydro.chmi.cz/hppsoldv/hpps_prfdyn.php?seq=2505253 River flow at Dalečín station] – Flood Warning and Forecasting Service of the [[Czech Hydrometeorological Institute]]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of the Vysočina Region]]
[[Category:Rivers of the South Moravian Region]]
[[Category:Rivers of the Czech Republic]]