Editing Submitochondrial particle

[[File:Submitochondrial particles.svg|400px|right|thumb|Simplified cross-section of a mitochondrion and a submitochondrial particle, showing the particle's inverted membrane orientation. Whereas whole submitochondrial particles can perform oxidative phosphorylation yielding ATP, destabilized particles lacking F<sub>1</sub> particles consume oxygen and oxidize NADH without synthesizing ATP, and free F<sub>1</sub> particles catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP.]]
A '''submitochondrial particle''' (SMP) is an artificial [[Vesicle (biology and chemistry)|vesicle]] made from the [[inner mitochondrial membrane]]. They can be formed by subjecting isolated [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] to [[sonication]], freezing and thawing, high pressure, or [[osmotic shock]].<ref name="PMC396527"/><ref name="PMID3026868" /> SMPs can be used to study the [[Electron transport chain#Mitochondrial electron transport chains|electron transport chain]] in a cell-free context.

The process of SMP formation forces the inner mitochondrial membrane inside out, meaning that the [[Mitochondrial matrix|matrix]]-facing leaflet becomes the outer surface of the SMP, and the [[Mitochondrion#Intermembrane space|intermembrane space]]-facing leaflet faces the lumen of the SMP. As a consequence, the [[F-ATPase|F<sub>1</sub> particle]]s which normally face the matrix are exposed. [[Chaotropic agent]]s can destabilize F<sub>1</sub> particles and cause them to dissociate from the membrane, thereby uncoupling the final step of [[oxidative phosphorylation]] from the rest of the electron transport chain.<ref name="PMID4315697"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="PMC396527">{{cite journal|author=Wilson SB, Bonner WD|title=Preparation and some properties of submitochondrial particles from tightly coupled mung bean mitochondria. |journal=Plant Physiol |year=1970 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=25–30 |pmid=16657416 |doi=10.1104/pp.46.1.25 |pmc=396527}}</ref>
<ref name="PMID3026868">{{cite journal|author=della-Cioppa G, Muffly KE, Yanagibashi K, Hall PF|title=Preparation and characterization of submitochondrial fractions from adrenal cells. |journal=Mol Cell Endocrinol |year=1986 |volume=48 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–20 |pmid=3026868 |doi=10.1016/0303-7207(86)90033-x|s2cid=43715731 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="PMID4315697">{{cite journal|author=Hatefi Y, Hanstein WG|title=Lipid oxidation in biological membranes. I. Lipid oxidation in submitochondrial particles and microsomes induced by chaotropic agents. |journal=Arch Biochem Biophys |year=1970 |volume=138 |issue=1 |pages=73–86 |pmid=4315697 |doi=10.1016/0003-9861(70)90286-9}}</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Submitochondrial Particle}}
[[Category:Cellular respiration]]
[[Category:Membrane biology]]
[[Category:Mitochondria]]


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