Editing Stockwell

{{About|the area called Stockwell in London, England|other places and other meanings}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{lead too short|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| map_type                 = Greater London
| region                   = London
| population               =
| official_name            = Stockwell
| london_borough           = Lambeth
| static_image_name        = Flats on Grantham road - geograph.org.uk - 970266.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Flats on Grantham Rd.
| constituency_westminster = [[Vauxhall and Camberwell Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Vauxhall and Camberwell Green]]
| coordinates              = {{coord|51|28|5|N|0|7|14|W|display=inline,title}}
| post_town                = LONDON
| postcode_area            = SW
| postcode_district        = SW4, SW8, SW9
| dial_code                = 020
| os_grid_reference        = TQ305755
}}

'''Stockwell''' is a district located in South London, part of the [[London Borough of Lambeth]], England. It is situated {{convert|2.4|mi|km|1}} south of [[Charing Cross]].

==History==
[[File:Lambeth Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg|thumb|A map showing the Stockwell ward of Lambeth Metropolitan Borough as it appeared in 1916]]

The name Stockwell is likely to have originated from a local well, with "stoc" being Old English for a tree trunk or post. From the thirteenth to the start of the nineteenth century, Stockwell was a rural manor at the edge of London. It included market gardens and [[John Tradescant the elder|John Tradescant's]] botanical garden &ndash; commemorated in Tradescant Road, which was built over it in 1880, and in a memorial outside St Stephen's church. In the nineteenth century it developed as an elegant middle-class suburb. Residents included the artist [[Arthur Rackham]], who was born on South Lambeth Road in 1867, moving with his family to Albert Square when he was 15 years old. Another famed cultural figure who was born in Stockwell in October 1914, was theatre director [[Joan Littlewood]], who has been called the mother of modern theatre.

Its social and architectural fortunes in the twentieth century were more mixed. The area immediately around Stockwell tube station was extensively rebuilt following the Second World War, and the original domed tube station was replaced first in the 1920s, then again with the opening of the [[Victoria line]] in 1971.

The area also has much [[social housing]]; the main estates are Lansdowne Green, Stockwell Park, Studley, Spurgeon, Mursell and Stockwell Gardens. However, many remnants of the area's nineteenth-century grandeur can be found in the side and back streets of Stockwell, notably in the Stockwell Park Conservation Area,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stockwellpark.com/ |title=Welcome to the Stockwell Park Residents' Association (SPRA) website. |website=stockwellpark.com |publisher=Stockwell Park Residents' Association |access-date=15 July 2017 }}</ref> mostly built between 1825 and 1840 and centred on Stockwell Park Road,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stockwellpark.com/stockwell-park-road/ |title=Stockwell Park Road |publisher=Stockwell Park Residents' Association |access-date=15 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427221731/http://stockwellpark.com/stockwell-park-road/ |archive-date=27 April 2016 }}</ref> Stockwell Park Crescent,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stockwellpark.com/stockwell-park-crescent/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007183551/http://stockwellpark.com/stockwell-park-crescent/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 October 2007 |title=Stockwell Park Crescent |publisher=Stockwell Park Residents' Association |access-date=15 July 2017 }}</ref> Durand Gardens, and Albert Square. The only twentieth-century building of significant architectural interest in the area is [[Stockwell Garage|Stockwell Bus Garage]]. Before the creation of the [[County of London]] in 1889, Stockwell was part of [[Surrey]].

In 1986, [[Kenneth Erskine]], a serial killer dubbed the 'Stockwell Strangler', killed seven elderly victims, three of whom were from Stockwell.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8149921.stm |title=Snaring the Stockwell Strangler |work=BBC News |access-date=13 February 2011 |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130032631/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8149921.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Politics==
Stockwell<ref name="lambeth1">{{cite web |url=http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/NR/exeres/611F94A3-F7D2-4B0E-BA3F-CD221C452AAB.htm |title=London Borough of Lambeth &#124; Stockwell ward census information |website=www.lambeth.gov.uk |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213230123/http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/NR/exeres/611F94A3-F7D2-4B0E-BA3F-CD221C452AAB.htm |archive-date=13 December 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a ward in the London Borough of [[Lambeth]]. It is currently represented by three [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] councillors: Lucy Caldicott, Dr. Mahamed Hashi and Mohamed Jaser.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moderngov.lambeth.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 |title=Councillors |publisher=Lambeth Council |website=Moderngov.lambeth.gov.uk |access-date=16 May 2019 }}</ref> At parliamentary level it is in the [[Vauxhall (UK Parliament constituency)|Vauxhall]] constituency, represented by Labour MP [[Florence Eshalomi]].

From 1979 to 1982, future Labour MP and [[New Labour]] 'spin doctor' [[Peter Mandelson]] was a ward councillor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://londondatastore-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/LBCE_1982-5-6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114315/https://londondatastore-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/LBCE_1982-5-6.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=live |title=London Borough council elections |publisher=Greater London Council |website=londondatastore-upload.s3.amazonaws.com |date=6 May 1982 |access-date=15 July 2017 }}</ref>

==Places of interest==
* [[Stockwell Garage|Stockwell Bus Garage]]
* [[London Deep Level Shelters]]
* Stockwell War Memorial Clocktower
* [[Jean Charles de Menezes]] Memorial
* former [[Annie McCall]] Hospital, Jeffries Road
* Stockwell skateboard park

==Schools==
There are three schools in Stockwell ward<ref name="lambeth1"/> - St Stephen's,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/Services/EducationLearning/SchoolsColleges/StStephensPrimary.htm |title=London Borough of Lambeth &#124; St Stephen's Church of England primary school |website=www.lambeth.gov.uk |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116085332/http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/Services/EducationLearning/SchoolsColleges/StStephensPrimary.htm |archive-date=16 January 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Allen Edwards<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/lambeth/schools/allen-edwards/ |title=Welcome to Allen Edwards School |publisher=London Grid for Learning |access-date=19 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211143353/http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/lambeth/schools/allen-edwards/ |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref> and [[Stockwell Primary School]] - and also a campus of Lambeth College.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lambethcollege.ac.uk/lambeth_college.cfm |title=Home Page |first=The Hideout |last=UK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103005904/http://www.lambethcollege.ac.uk/lambeth_college.cfm |archive-date=3 November 2008 }}</ref> In the Stockwell area (on Clapham Road) there is also [[Platanos College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.platanoscollege.com/ |title=Platanos College - Home |access-date=1 September 2013 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007031149/http://www.platanoscollege.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a secondary school, Lansdowne School and numerous primary schools including [[Van Gogh Primary]].

==Churches==
In addition to Anglican and Catholic churches, Afro-Caribbean communities have influenced the expression of Christianity in the area, with a variety of congregations, some sharing churches with more long established Anglican and Catholic congregations. One of the many Afro-Caribbean churches is C.A.C. Stockwell.

==Population of Stockwell==
Stockwell and neighbouring South Lambeth are home to one of the UK's biggest [[Portuguese People|Portuguese]] communities, known as '[[Little Portugal, London|Little Portugal]]'. Most of the local Portuguese people originate from [[Madeira]] and [[Lisbon]] and have established many cafes, restaurants, bakeries, neighbourhood associations and delicatessens. Stockwell is also home to many people of [[Caribbean]] and [[West Africa]]n origin. They are also well represented in the local population, and cafes, grocers, barbers' shops and salons run by people from these communities are scattered around Stockwell.
[[File:Stockwell Deep Level Shelter Entrance - Diliff.jpg|thumb|Stockwell war memorial and shelter]]

Notable former and current residents of Stockwell include [[David Bowie]], [[John Major]],<ref>{{cite book |author=John Major |title=John Major: The Autobiography |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1999 |page=82 }}</ref> [[Gary Raymond]], [[Lilian Bayliss]], [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]], [[Vincent van Gogh]] (briefly),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://londonist.com/london/art-and-photography/van-gogh-house-stockwell-london |title=You Can Now Go Inside The London House Where Van Gogh Used To Live |first=Tabish |last=Khan |date=20 August 2021 |magazine=Londonist |access-date=20 June 2024 |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620194900/https://londonist.com/london/art-and-photography/van-gogh-house-stockwell-london |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Violette Szabo]], [[Joanna Lumley]], [[Jerry Dammers]], [[Hero Fiennes Tiffin]], [[Roger Moore]], [[Roots Manuva]], [[Adam Buxton]], [[Joe Cornish (filmmaker)|Joe Cornish]],<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/mar/14/sxsw-2011-attack-the-block-joe-cornish |title=SXSW 2011: Joe Cornish on aliens, hoodies and Attack the Block |first=Catherine |last=Shoard |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=11 April 2016 }}</ref> [[Nathaniel Clyne]], [[Dot Rotten]], [[Will Self]], former Scottish Labour Party leader [[Jim Murphy]], and footballer [[Paul Davis (footballer, born 1961)|Paul Davis]], who played for Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Paul |last2=Cross |first2=John |date=11 August 2022 |title=Arsenal legend details arrest that threatened to end career before it had begun |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/paul-davis-arsenal-harrowing-arrest-27713921 |language=en }}</ref>

==Stockwell shooting==
On 22 July 2005, following the [[21 July 2005 London bombings]], Stockwell gained notoriety as the scene of the shooting by police of an innocent [[Brazil]]ian electrician, [[Jean Charles de Menezes]], on a tube train.

==Locale==
===Nearest places===
* [[Brixton]]
* [[Vauxhall]]
* [[Kennington]]
* [[Clapham]]
* [[Battersea]]
* [[Nine Elms]]
* [[South Lambeth]]
* [[Camberwell]]
* [[Elephant and Castle]]

== Transport ==

=== London Underground ===
'''[[Stockwell tube station]]''' is served by the [[Victoria line|'''Victoria''']] and [[Northern line|'''Northern''']] [[London Underground]] lines.

[[File:Stockwell Station - geograph.org.uk - 189732.jpg|thumb|Stockwell Station|215x215px]]To the south, the Victoria line terminates one stop away at [[Brixton tube station|Brixton]]. The Northern line terminates in the south at [[Morden tube station|Morden]], which provides Stockwell with a direct link to [[Clapham]] and [[South Wimbledon tube station|South Wimbledon]].

To the north, the Victoria line runs through [[Central London]] towards [[Walthamstow Central station|Walthamstow Central]], stopping at several key stations including [[Victoria tube station|Victoria]], [[Oxford Circus tube station|Oxford Circus]], [[King's Cross St Pancras tube station|King's Cross St Pancras]] and [[Tottenham Hale station|Tottenham Hale]]. The Northern Line carries passengers northwards towards [[Kennington tube station|Kennington]] and [[Camden Town tube station|Camden Town]]. Most trains from Stockwell run through [[City of London|the City of London]] via [[Elephant & Castle tube station|Elephant & Castle]], [[Bank tube station|Bank]] and [[Moorgate station|Moorgate]]. Some trains run on the Charing Cross Branch via [[Waterloo tube station|Waterloo]], [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]] and [[Tottenham Court Road tube station|Tottenham Court Road]]. Beyond Camden Town, the Northern line links Stockwell directly to [[Edgware tube station|Edgware]] and [[High Barnet tube station|High Barnet]] in north London.

Other nearby stations include '''Brixton''' (''Victoria line'') or [[Clapham North tube station|'''Clapham North''']] (''Northern line'') to the south of Stockwell, and [[Vauxhall tube station|'''Vauxhall''']] (''Victoria line'') or [[Oval tube station|'''Oval''']] (''Northern line'') to the north.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/maps/track |title=Tube and Rail |website=Transport for London |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407103111/https://tfl.gov.uk/maps/track |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2017, there were 11.7 million entries and exits at Stockwell tube station.<ref>"[https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/multi-year-station-entry-and-exit-figures.xlsx Multi-year station entry-and-exit figures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424233414/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/multi-year-station-entry-and-exit-figures.xlsx |date=24 April 2019 }}" (XLSX). ''London Underground station passenger usage data''. [[Transport for London]]. January 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.</ref>

=== National Rail & London Overground ===
There is no [[National Rail]] station in Stockwell, but several stations can be found in the locale:<ref name=":0" />

* Some [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]] services from [[London Victoria station|Victoria]] call at [[Brixton railway station|'''Brixton''' railway station]], linking Stockwell to [[West Dulwich railway station|Dulwich]], [[Penge East railway station|Penge]], [[Orpington railway station|Orpington]] and destinations in [[Kent]].
* At '''[[Vauxhall station|Vauxhall]]''', some [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] services from [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo]] carry passengers to [[South West (London sub region)|south west London]], [[Surrey]] and [[Berkshire]] destinations.
* [[London Overground|London Overground's]] [[Windrush line]] services call at '''[[Wandsworth Road railway station|Wandsworth Road]]''' and '''[[Clapham High Street railway station|Clapham High Street]]''' to the south of Stockwell on direct journeys between [[Clapham Junction railway station|Clapham Junction]] and [[Dalston Junction railway station|Dalston Junction]] or [[Highbury & Islington station|Highbury & Islington]] in north London, linking the Stockwell area to [[Peckham Rye railway station|Peckham]] and [[Shoreditch High Street railway station|Shoreditch]] directly.

=== Road ===
Several major roads pass through Stockwell, including:

* the '''[[A23 road|A23]]''' ('''[[Brixton Road]]''') - from the A3 to [[Brixton]], [[Streatham]], [[M23 motorway|the M23]] and [[Gatwick Airport]];
* the '''[[A202 road|A202]]''' ('''[[The Oval|Kennington Oval]]''') - to [[Vauxhall]] and [[Victoria, London|Victoria]], or [[Camberwell]], [[Peckham]], the [[A2 road (England)|A2]] and [[A20 road (England)|A20]] (towards [[Kent]]);
* the '''[[A203 road|A203]]''' ('''[[Stockwell Road]]'''/'''[[South Lambeth Road]]''') - between the A202 and A23;
* the '''[[A roads in Zone 2 of the Great Britain numbering scheme|A2217]]''' ('''Acre Road''');
* the '''[[A3 road|A3]]''' ('''[[Clapham Road]]''') - to [[Elephant and Castle|Elephant & Castle]] and [[City of London|the City]], [[M25 motorway|the M25]], [[Guildford]] and [[Portsmouth]];
* the '''[[A3036 road|A3036]]''' ('''[[A3036 road|Wandsworth Road]]''').<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/ |title=OpenStreetMap |website=OpenStreetMap |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321030019/https://www.openstreetmap.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The A23, A202, A203 and A3 are managed by [[Transport for London|Transport for London (TfL)]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/tfl-base-map-master.pdf |title=TfL Base Map |website=Transport for London (TfL) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219015547/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/tfl-base-map-master.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2018 }}</ref>

Most other roads are residential.

==== Pollution ====
Pollution around Stockwell has been a concern for local health professionals and authorities since the mid-2000s, largely owing to the number of [[Arterial road|arterial routes]] in the neighbourhood.

A 2010 study found that, in Stockwell, 7 deaths each year could be attributed to exposure to [[particulate matter]] ([[PM2.5]]), compared to 139 in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]] as a whole in the same year (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/air_quality_for_public_health_professionals_-_lb_lambeth.pdf |title=Air Quality in Lambeth: A Guide for Public Health Professionals |date=September 2013 |website=Mayor of London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212054608/https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/air_quality_for_public_health_professionals_-_lb_lambeth.pdf |archive-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> Road traffic is a primary source of air pollution in Lambeth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cs-public-health-air-quality-leaflet_2.pdf |title=A Guide to Protect Against Air Pollution |website=Lambeth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408005731/https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cs-public-health-air-quality-leaflet_2.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref>

In 2016, Clapham Road south of Stockwell was identified by the local authority as an area of concern when it came to tackling air quality in the Borough, as this section of road is "exceeding EU limits for the gas [[Nitrogen dioxide|Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)]]."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/csab-air-quality-annual-summary-status-report-2016_0.pdf |title=London Borough of Lambeth Air Quality Annual Status Summary Report for 2016 |website=London Borough of Lambeth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408010338/https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/csab-air-quality-annual-summary-status-report-2016_0.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Lambeth monitor air quality on Clapham Road in Stockwell using [[diffusion tube]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cs-air-quality-annual-status-report-2017.pdf |title=Air Quality: Annual Status Report, 2017 |date=31 May 2018 |website=London Borough of Lambeth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408010655/https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cs-air-quality-annual-status-report-2017.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> Since the introduction of the Oval STN, the pollution in the adjacent part of Clapham Road has got worse.

=== Buses & coaches ===
[[London Buses]] routes [[London Buses route 2|2]], [[London Buses route 50|50]], [[London Buses route 88|88]], [[London Buses route 155|155]], [[London Buses route 196|196]], [[London Buses route 333|333]], [[London Buses route 345|345]], [[London Buses route P5|P5]], [[London Buses route N2|N2]] and [[London Buses route N155|N155]] serve Stockwell.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/gettingaround/maps/buses/pdf/stockwell-2240.pdf |title=Stockwell bus map |publisher=Transport for London |website=tfl.gov.uk |access-date=15 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924062403/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/gettingaround/maps/buses/pdf/stockwell-2240.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2012 }}</ref>

Some [[National Express Coaches|National Express coaches]] pass through Stockwell, with some services towards [[Gatwick Airport]], [[Worthing]], [[Bognor Regis]] and [[Eastbourne]] stopping in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timetables.nationalexpress.com/routes |title=National Express Timetables Route List |website=timetables.nationalexpress.com |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923115651/https://timetables.nationalexpress.com/routes |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Cycling ===
[[List of cycle routes in London|'''Cycle Superhighway 7 (CS7)''']] follows Clapham Road through Stockwell, largely on [[cycle lane]]s to segregate cyclists from other road traffic. The signed [[cycle route]] carries cyclists from [[Colliers Wood]] and [[Tooting Bec]] in the south, through Stockwell, to [[Oval, London|Oval]], [[Elephant and Castle|Elephant & Castle]] and [[City of London|the City of London]]. The route runs non-stop from Stockwell to all its destinations, but the route is not entirely traffic-free.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/cycle-superhighway-cs7-sch.pdf |title=Merton to City: CS7 |website=Transport for London (TfL) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712200441/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/cycle-superhighway-cs7-sch.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2018 }}</ref>

Just to the north of Stockwell, [[List of cycle routes in London|'''Cycle Superhighway 5 (CS5)''']] terminates in a junction with CS7, linking [[Victoria, London|Victoria]] and [[Millbank]] to Stockwell using a cycle track, separating cyclists from other road traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/cs5-oval-pimlico.pdf |title=CS5 direct from Oval to Pimlico |website=Transport for London (TfL) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712203336/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/cs5-oval-pimlico.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2018 }}</ref>

[[List of cycle routes in London|'''Quietway 5 (Q5)''']] runs on residential streets in the north of Stockwell, offering a slower but quieter signposted route direct to [[Clapham]] or [[Waterloo, London|Waterloo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/quietway-5-waterloo-to-norbury-map.pdf |title=Quietway 5: Waterloo to Norbury |website=Transport for London (TfL) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061346/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/quietway-5-waterloo-to-norbury-map.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2018 }}</ref>

With two Cycle Superhighways in the locale, many junctions in the area are equipped with [[cycling infrastructure]]. [[Santander Cycles]], a [[Bicycle-sharing system|bike-sharing system]] in London, operates in Stockwell.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090516044648/http://www.stockwellnews.com/ Stockwell News] News, features and history relating to Stockwell
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051213230123/http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/NR/exeres/611F94A3-F7D2-4B0E-BA3F-CD221C452AAB.htm About Stockwell ward on Lambeth Council website.]
{{LB Lambeth}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Stockwell| ]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Lambeth]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Portuguese diaspora in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Portuguese neighborhoods]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of the London Borough of Lambeth]]
[[Category:District centres of London]]