Editing Stevan Harnad

{{Short description|Canadian cognitive scientist (born 1945)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Stevan Harnad
| image             = Harnad-kara1.jpg
| caption           = Harnad in 2014
| birth_date        = {{Birth year and age|1945}}
| birth_place       = Budapest, Hungary
| death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->
| death_place       =
| citizenship       = Canadian
| fields            = [[Cognitive science]]
| workplaces        = [[Université du Québec à Montréal]], [[University of Southampton]]
| alma_mater        = [[McGill University]], [[Princeton University]]
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| thesis_title      = Grounding Symbolic Representation in Categorical Perception
| thesis_year       = 1992
| thesis_url        = https://www.proquest.com/docview/85555174
| academic_advisors = 
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = [[EPrints]]
| author_abbrev_bot = 
| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| awards            = 
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt     = 
| footnotes         = 
| spouse            = 
| website           = {{URL|www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people/harnad}} 
}}
'''Stevan Robert Harnad''' (Hernád István Róbert, Hesslein István, born 1945) is a Canadian [[cognitive science|cognitive scientist]] based in [[Montreal]].

==Early life and education==
Harnad was born in [[Budapest]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]]. He did his undergraduate work at [[McGill University]] and his graduate work at [[Princeton University]]'s [[Princeton University Department of Psychology|Department of Psychology]]. Harnad completed his [[Master of Arts]] degree in [[Psychology]] from McGill University in 1969<ref name="harnadma">{{cite thesis|degree=MA|first=Stevan |last=Harnad|title=The effects of fixation, attention, and report on the frequency and duration of visual disappearances|publisher=McGill University|date=1969|id={{ProQuest|302385436}} }}</ref> and received his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degree from Princeton University in 1992.<ref name="harnadphd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|first=Stevan |last=Harnad|title=Grounding Symbolic Representation in Categorical Perception|publisher=Princeton University|date=1992|id={{ProQuest|85555174}} }}</ref> He was awarded an [[honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] by [[University of Liège]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ulg.ac.be/cms/c_3298161/en/academic-year-opening-ceremony-2013|title=Université de Liège - Academic Year Opening Ceremony 2013|work=ulg.ac.be|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref>

== Research ==
Harnad's research interests are in [[cognitive science]], [[open access]] and [[Animal consciousness|animal sentience]].<ref name="googlescholar">{{GoogleScholar|_HQz-vEAAAAJ}}</ref><ref name="dblp">{{DBLP|name=Stevan Harnad}}</ref> He is currently professor of psychology at [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] (UQAM), [[McGill University]], and professor emeritus of cognitive science at the [[University of Southampton]]. Elected external member of the [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]] in 2001 (resigned in protest, 8 October 2016<ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-20 |title=Nobel winner joins scientists' protest of Hungarian policies |url=https://apnews.com/article/-----8b425fded59840d9b5c37817cdd293b1 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref>), he was [[Canada Research Chair]] in [[cognitive science]] 2001–2015. His research is on [[categorization]],<ref>Harnad, Stevan (2005).  [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11725/ To Cognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208075219/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11725/ |date=8 February 2012 }} in Lefebvre, C. and Cohen, H., Eds. ''Handbook of Categorization''. Elsevier.</ref> communication,<ref>Cangelosi, Angelo and Harnad, Stevan (2001). [http://cogprints.org/2036/ The adaptive advantage of symbolic theft over sensorimotor toil: Grounding language in perceptual categories.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417123628/http://cogprints.org/2036/ |date=17 April 2016 }} ''Evolution of Communication'' 4(1) 117-142</ref> [[cognition]],<ref>Harnad, Stevan (2006). [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/7741/ The Annotation Game: On Turing (1950) on Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309115054/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/7741/ |date=9 March 2012 }} In: Epstein, Robert & Peters, Grace (Eds.) ''Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer''. Springer</ref> and [[consciousness]]<ref>Harnad, Stevan & Scherzer, Peter (2008). [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/14430/ First, Scale Up to the Robotic Turing Test, Then Worry About Feeling.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208075237/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/14430/ |date=8 February 2012 }} ''Artificial Intelligence in Medicine'' 44(2): 83-89</ref> and he has written extensively on [[categorical perception]], [[symbol grounding]], [[origin of language]], [[lateralization of brain function|lateralization]], the [[Turing test]], [[Socially Distributed Cognition|distributed cognition]], [[scientometrics]], and [[consciousness]]. Harnad is a former student of [[Donald O. Hebb]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cogprints.org/1652/1/hebb.html|title=D.O. Hebb (1904 - 1985)|work=cogprints.org|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> and [[Julian Jaynes]].<ref>[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/16601/3/julian%2Dvoices.pdf What It Feels Like To Hear Voices: Fond Memories of Julian Jaynes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309114445/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/16601/3/julian%2Dvoices.pdf |date=9 March 2012 }}</ref>

== Research publishing and open access ==
In 1978, Harnad was the founder<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/Kata/bbs.editorial.html|title=Editorial|work=soton.ac.uk|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> of ''[[Behavioral and Brain Sciences]]'', of which he remained [[editor-in-chief]] until 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/bbs.valedict.html|title=BBS Valedictory Editorial 2003|work=soton.ac.uk|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> In addition, he founded ''[[Psycoloquy]]'' (an early [[electronic journal]] sponsored by the [[American Psychological Association]]), ''[[CogPrints]]'' (an electronic [[eprint]] archive in the cognitive sciences hosted by the University of Southampton), and the [[American Scientist Open Access Forum]]<ref>[http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/American-Scientist-Open-Access-Forum.html Archive of American Scientist Open Access Forum] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617184402/http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/American-Scientist-Open-Access-Forum.html |date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (since 1998; now the [[Global Open Access Forum|Global Open Access List]], GOAL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal|title=GOAL Info Page|work=soton.ac.uk|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref>). Harnad, an active promoter of [[Open access (publishing)|open access]] [[self-archiving]] and [[EPrints]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/|title=Open Access|work=eprints.org|access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> is currently Editor-in-Chief of the refereed journal ''[[Animal Sentience (journal)|Animal Sentience]]''.<ref name="animalstudiesrepository.org">Animal Sentience [http://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/ An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021143646/http://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/ |date=21 October 2016 }}</ref>

=== Scholarly skywriting <!--[[Scholarly skywriting]] and [[Student skywriting]] redirect here ([[MOS:HEAD]])-->===
'''Scholarly skywriting'''<!--boldface per [[WP:R#PLA]]-->, coined by Harnad around 1987,<ref>{{cite web |last=Harnad |first=Stevan |date=25 May 2011 |orig-year=1987 |title=Sky-writing, or, when man first met troll |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/05/sky-writing-or-when-man-first-met-troll/239420/ |website=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> is the combination of multiple [[email]] and a [[Threaded discussion|topic thread]]ed [[WWW|web]] archive such as a [[newsgroup]], [[electronic mailing list]], [[hypermail]], [[netnews]] or [[Internet forum]], linked and sortable by date, author, or subject-heading threads.<ref name=skywriting1990>{{cite journal |last=Harnad |first=Stevan |date=November 1990 |title=Scholarly skywriting and the prepublication continuum of scientific inquiry |journal=[[Psychological Science]] |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=342–344 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00234.x |s2cid=58105259 |url=http://www.cogprints.org/1581/1/harnad90.skywriting.html}}</ref> The name derives from the idea that texts can be written in the "sky" (via multiple email and a web archive) for all to see ("skyreading") and all to add their own comments to ("skywriting").<ref name=skywriting1990/> Harnad suggested that it could be a kind of [[open peer review]],<ref name=skywriting1990/> a supplement to classical peer review, but not a substitute for it.<ref>Adler, J. R., Chan, T. M., Blain, J. B., Thoma, B., & Atkinson, P. (2019). # OpenAccess: free online, open-access crowdsource-reviewed publishing is the future; traditional peer-reviewed journals are on the way out. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21(1), 11-14.</ref> What Harnad called '''student skywriting'''<!--boldface per [[WP:R#PLA]]--> is scholarly skywriting done in a teaching/learning context.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/ |title=Student Skywriting (Hypermail Discussion) Archives |website=www.southampton.ac.uk |date=1994–2001 |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref>

== Political activism ==
Harnad is the author of a 2011 open letter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?serendipity%5Baction%5D=search&serendipity%5BsearchTerm%5D=palinkas&serendipity%5BsearchButton%5D=%3E|title=Open Access Archivangelism|work=eprints.org}}</ref> signed by over 60 external members of the [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]] addressed to the Academy's President, [[József Pálinkás]], concerning the press and police harassment campaign against Hungarian philosophers who were critics of the current Hungarian ruling party, [[Fidesz]], and its prime minister, [[Viktor Orbán]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/02/hungarian-academicians-blast-government.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209201603/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/02/hungarian-academicians-blast-government.html|author=Bohannon, John|title=Hungarian Academicians Blast Government Over Inquiry Into Research Funds|work=[[Science (journal)|ScienceInsider]]|date=4 February 2011|archive-date=9 February 2011}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110211205145/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1610222.php/Hungarian-newspaper-targets-former-dissidents "Hungarian newspaper targets former dissidents"]. ''Monsters and Critics''. 8 January 2011.</ref> Harnad resigned from his external membership of the [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]] on 8 October 2016<ref name="apnews.com"/> in protest against the increasingly "[[Illiberal democracy]]" of Viktor Orban.

== Animal welfare ==
Harnad is Editor-in-Chief of the refereed journal ''Animal Sentience''<ref name="animalstudiesrepository.org"/> launched in 2015 by the Institute of Science and Policy of [[The Humane Society of the United States]]. A [[Veganism|vegan]],<ref>[[Elise Desaulniers]] [http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/elise-desaulniers/vegetarian_b_3361223.html "I Am Ashamed to Have Been a Vegetarian for 50 Years"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731030853/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/elise-desaulniers/vegetarian_b_3361223.html |date=31 July 2016 }}, ''Huffington Post'', 30 May 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Harnad |first=Stevan |title=Luxe, nécessité, souffrance: Pourquoi je ne suis pas carnivore |trans-title=Luxury, necessity, suffering: Why I'm not a carnivore |url=https://assohum.org/2013/01/07/luxe-necessite-souffrance-pourquoi-je-ne-suis-pas-carnivore/ |website=Association humaniste du Québec |access-date=2025-01-13 |language=fr-FR |date=2013-01-07}}</ref> Harnad is increasingly active in [[animal welfare]],<ref>Harnad, S. (2014) [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/06/13/ethical-dilemmas-animal/ Animal pain and human pleasure: ethical dilemmas outside the classroom] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195134/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/06/13/ethical-dilemmas-animal/ |date=4 March 2016 }}. ''LSE Impact Blog'' 6/13 June 13, 2014</ref><ref>[[Marc Bekoff]] & Stevan Harnad (2015) [https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/201501/doing-the-right-thing-interview-stevan-harnad Doing the Right Thing: An Interview With Stevan Harnad] {{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. ''Psychology Today Blog''. January 2015</ref> [[animal rights]],<ref>Harnad, Stevan (2012). [http://turingc.blogspot.ca/2012/06/stevan-harnad-howwhy-explaining-causal.html How/Why Explaining the Causal Role of Consciousness is Hard] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021073718/http://turingc.blogspot.ca/2012/06/stevan-harnad-howwhy-explaining-causal.html |date=21 October 2016 }} ''Turing Centenary Institute on the Evolution and Function of Consciousness''</ref> and [[animal law]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20140621194408/http://animalsarenotobjects.ca/ Manifesto for the Evolution of Animals’ Legal Status in the Civil Code of Quebec]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://daq.quebec|title=Droit Animalier Québec}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of animal rights advocates]]
* "[[Subversive Proposal]]"

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/201501/doing-the-right-thing-interview-stevan-harnad Interview by Marc Bekoff]
*[http://openaccess.eprints.org/ Open Access Archivangelism Blog], Stevan Harnad's blog on Open Access
*[http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/cgi/search/simple?screen=Public%3A%3AEPrintSearch&q_merge=ALL&q=Harnad+&order=-date%2Fcreators_name%2Ftitle&_action_search=Chercher Publications by Harnad] archived in ''Archipel'', Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harnad, Stevan}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Southampton]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Université du Québec à Montréal]]
[[Category:Animal welfare scholars]]
[[Category:Canada Research Chairs]]
[[Category:Canadian cognitive scientists]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Hungarian descent]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:McGill University Faculty of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Open access activists]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Budapest]]