Editing Stephen Leacock

{{Short description|Canadian writer and economist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. -->
| image         = Stephen Leacock.jpg
| honorific_suffix = {{postnom|FRSC|size=100%}}
| imagesize     =
| alt           =
| caption       = Leacock, c. 1913
| pseudonym     =
| birth_name    = Stephen P. H. Butler Leacock
| birth_date    = 30 December 1869
| birth_place   = Swanmore, Hampshire, England
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1944|3|28|1869|12|30|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| resting_place =
| occupation    =
| language      = English
| education     = [[Upper Canada College]]
| alma_mater    = [[University of Toronto]]<br />
                  [[University of Chicago]]
| period        =
| genre         = Humour
| subject       = Sciences
| movement      =
| notableworks  = ''Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town, Arcadian Adventures With the Idle Rich, My financial career''
| spouse        =
| partner       =
| children      =
| relatives     =
| awards        = [[Lorne Pierce Medal]], Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Canada]]
| signature     =
| signature_alt =
| website       =
| portaldisp    =
}}

'''Stephen P. H. Butler Leacock''' {{postnom|FRSC}} (30 December 1869&nbsp;– 28 March 1944) was a Canadian teacher, [[political scientist]], writer, and humourist. Between the years 1915 and 1925, he was the best-known English-speaking humourist in the world.<ref name="Lynch">{{cite book|last=Lynch|first=Gerald|title=The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=Historica Foundation}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Stephen Leacock was born on 30 December 1869 in [[Swanmore]],{{sfn|MacMillan|2009|p=173}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/nlc-bnc/stephen_leacock-ef/2001/t5-214-e.html|title=National Library of Canada: Stephen Leacock|access-date=10 December 2017}}</ref> a village near [[Southampton]] in southern England. He was the third of the eleven children born to (Walter) Peter Leacock (b.1834), who was born and grew up at Oak Hill on the [[Isle of Wight]], an estate that his grandfather had purchased after returning from [[Madeira]] where his family had made a fortune out of [[plantation]]s and Leacock's [[Madeira wine]], founded in 1760. Stephen's mother, Agnes, was born at [[Soberton]], the youngest daughter by his second wife (Caroline Linton Palmer) of the Rev. Stephen Butler, of Bury Lodge, the Butler estate that overlooked the village of [[Hambledon, Hampshire]]. Stephen Butler (for whom Leacock was named), was the maternal grandson of Admiral [[James Richard Dacres (1749–1810)|James Richard Dacres]] and a brother of Sir Thomas Dacres Butler, [[Usher of the Black Rod]]. Leacock's mother was the half-sister of Major [[Thomas Adair Butler]], who won the [[Victoria Cross]] at the siege and capture of Lucknow in India.

Peter's father, Thomas Murdock Leacock J.P., had already conceived plans eventually to send his son out to the [[British colonies|colonies]], but when he discovered that at age eighteen Peter had married Agnes Butler without his permission, almost immediately he shipped them out to South Africa where he had bought them a farm.  The farm in South Africa failed and Stephen's parents returned to [[Hampshire]], where he was born.<ref name="ReferenceA">My Uncle Stephen Leacock – Elizabeth Kimball, 1983</ref> When Stephen was six, the family moved to Canada, where they settled on a farm near the village of [[Sutton, Ontario]], and the shores of [[Lake Simcoe]].<ref name="slmfh">{{cite web|url=http://www.leacock.ca/STEPHEN.htm|title=stephenleacock.png|work=The Leacock Associates}}</ref> Their farm in the township of [[Georgina, Ontario|Georgina]] was also unsuccessful, and the family was kept afloat by money sent from Leacock's paternal grandfather. Stephen's father, Peter, became an alcoholic; in the fall of 1878, Peter travelled west to [[Manitoba]] with his brother [[Edward Leacock|E.P. Leacock]] (the subject of Stephen's book ''My Remarkable Uncle,'' published in 1942), leaving behind Agnes and the children.<ref name="epe.lac-bac.gc.ca">{{cite web | url=https://gutenberg.ca/ebooks/leacock-mydiscoveryofthewest/leacock-mydiscoveryofthewest-00-h.html | title=My Discovery of the West | work=Gutenberg.ca | author=Stephen Leacock | date=2011-06-20 | access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref>

Stephen Leacock, always of obvious intelligence, was sent by his grandfather to the elite private school of [[Upper Canada College]] in [[Toronto]], also attended by his older brothers, where he was top of the class and was chosen as head boy.  Leacock graduated in 1887, and returned home to find that his father had returned from Manitoba. Soon after, his father left the family again and never returned.<ref name="epe.lac-bac.gc.ca" /> There is some disagreement about what happened to Peter Leacock.  One scenario is that he went to live in Argentina,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://nationalpost.com/afterword/cbcs-new-stephen-leacock-movie-visits-authors-troubles | title=CBC's new Stephen Leacock movie visits author's troubles | work=National Post | author=Robert Fulford | date=2012-02-07 | access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref> while other sources indicate that he moved to [[Nova Scotia]] and changed his name to Lewis.<ref name="epe.lac-bac.gc.ca"/>

In 1887, seventeen-year-old Leacock started at [[University College, Toronto|University College]] at the [[University of Toronto]], where he was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity. His first year was bankrolled by a small scholarship, but Leacock found he could not return to his studies the following year because of financial difficulties. He left university to work as a teacher—an occupation he disliked immensely—at [[Strathroy, Ontario|Strathroy]], [[Uxbridge, Ontario|Uxbridge]] and finally in Toronto. As a teacher at Upper Canada College, his ''alma mater'', he was able simultaneously to attend classes at the University of Toronto and, in 1891, earn his degree through part-time studies. It was during this period that his first writing was published in ''[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]'', a campus newspaper.

== Academic and political life ==
{{Conservatism in Canada|Intellectuals}}
Disillusioned with teaching, in 1899 he began graduate studies at the [[University of Chicago]] under [[Thorstein Veblen]],<ref name="epe.lac-bac.gc.ca" /> where he received a doctorate in [[political science]] and [[political economy]]. He moved from [[Chicago]], Illinois, to [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], where he eventually became the William Dow Professor of Political Economy and long-time chair of the Department of Economics and Political Science at [[McGill University]].<ref name="epe.lac-bac.gc.ca" />

He was closely associated with Sir [[Arthur Currie]], former commander of the [[Canadian Corps]] in the [[First World War|Great War]] and principal of McGill from 1919 until his death in 1933. In fact, Currie had been a student observing Leacock's practice teaching in Strathroy in 1888. In 1936, Leacock was forcibly retired by the McGill Board of Governors—an unlikely prospect had Currie lived.

Leacock was both a [[social conservative]] and a partisan [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative]]. He opposed giving women the right to vote, and had a mixed record on non-British immigration, having written both in support of expanding immigration beyond Anglo-Saxons before World War II<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gutenberg.ca/ebooks/leacock-mydiscoveryofthewest/leacock-mydiscoveryofthewest-00-h.html|title = My Discovery of the West, by Stephen Leacock}}</ref> and in opposition to expanding Canadian immigration beyond Anglo-Saxons near the close of World War II.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3T6cQgAACAAJ | title=Last Leaves| isbn=9780771091698| last1=Leacock| first1=Stephen| year=1970| publisher=McClelland and Stewart}}</ref> He was a staunch champion of the [[British Empire]] and the [[Imperial Federation]] Movement and went on lecture tours to further the cause.  Despite his conservatism, he was a staunch advocate of social welfare legislation and wealth redistribution. He is considered today by some a complicated and controversial historical figure for his views and writings.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://nationalpost.com/news/what-happens-when-the-heroes-of-the-past-meet-the-standards-of-today | title=What happens when the heroes of the past meet the standards of today? | work=National Post | author=Kathryn Blaze Carlson | date=2011-05-14 | access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thetyee.ca/Books/2010/08/23/StephenLeacock/|title=Stephen Leacock's Dark Side|last=Francis|first=Daniel|date=2010-08-23|website=The Tyee|language=en|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref> He was a longtime believer in the superiority of the English and could be racist towards blacks and Indigenous peoples.{{sfn|MacMillan|2009|pp=114–116}}

Although Prime Minister [[R. B. Bennett]] asked him to be a candidate for the 1935 Dominion election, Leacock declined the invitation.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiU3AAAAIAAJ&q=Canada+in+the+next+parliament |title = Stephen Leacock, humorist and humanist|last1 = Curry|first1 = Ralph L.|year = 1959}}</ref> He did stump for local Conservative candidates at his summer home.

Leacock is mostly forgotten as an economist; "What was for many years a virtually final judgement of Leacock's scholarly work was pronounced by [[Harold Innis]] in a 1938 lecture at the [[University of Toronto]]. That lecture, which was intended to pay tribute to Leacock as one of the founders of Canadian social studies, was eventually published as his obituary in 1944 in the ''Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science''. Innis glossed over Leacock's economics in the article and largely dismissed his humorous writings. For a number of years, Leacock used [[John Stuart Mill]]'s text, ''Principles of Political Economy'', in his course at McGill entitled ''Elements of Political Economy''. According to one source, Leacock's light-hearted and increasingly superficial approach with his political science writings ensured that they are largely forgotten by the public and in academic circles.<ref>{{cite book |last=FRANKMAN |first=MYRON J. |editor-last=Staines |editor-first=David |title=Stephen Leacock: A Reappraisal. |publisher=University of Ottawa Press|date=1986 |pages= 51–58 |chapter=Stephen Leacock, Economist: An Owl Among the Parrots |isbn=978-0-7766-1694-0}}</ref>

== Literary life ==
[[File:Stephen Leacock House Orillia.jpg|thumb|Stephen Leacock House in [[Orillia, Ontario]]]]

Early in his career, Leacock turned to fiction, humour, and short reports to supplement (and ultimately exceed) his regular income. His stories, first published in magazines in Canada and the United States and later in novel form, became extremely popular around the world. Between the years 1915 and 1925, Leacock was the most popular humourist in the English-speaking world.<ref name="Lynch" /><ref>{{cite book|last=McGarvey|first=James A. "Pete" |title=The Old Brewery Bay: A Leacockian Tale|url=https://archive.org/details/oldbrewerybaylea0000mcga|url-access=registration|publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd.|location=Orillia, Ontario|year=1994|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oldbrewerybaylea0000mcga/page/7 7]|isbn=1-55002-216-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Leacock|first=Stephen |author2=Bowker, Alan |title=On the Front Line of Life: Stephen Leacock : Memories and Reflections, 1935–1944|url=https://archive.org/details/onfrontlineoflif0000leac|url-access=registration|publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd.|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/onfrontlineoflif0000leac/page/13 13]|isbn=1-55002-521-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Moyles|first=R. G. |title=Improved by Cultivation: An Anthology of English-Canadian Prose to 1914|publisher=Broadview Press|year=1994|pages=195|isbn=1-55111-049-0}}</ref>

A humourist particularly admired by Leacock was [[Robert Benchley]] from New York. Leacock opened correspondence with Benchley, encouraging him in his work and importuning him to compile his work into a book. Benchley did so in 1922, and acknowledged Leacock's encouragement.

Near the end of his life, the US comedian [[Jack Benny]] recounted how he had been introduced to Leacock's writing by [[Groucho Marx]] when they were both young [[vaudeville]] comedians. Benny acknowledged Leacock's influence and, fifty years after first reading him, still considered Leacock one of his favourite comic writers. He was puzzled as to why Leacock's work was no longer well known in the United States.<ref>Anobile, Richard J., The Marx Bros. Scrapbook, New York, Outlet, 1973</ref> 

During the summer months, Leacock lived at Old Brewery Bay, his summer estate in [[Orillia, Ontario|Orillia]], across Lake Simcoe from where he was raised and also bordering [[Lake Couchiching]].  A working farm, Old Brewery Bay is now a museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leacockmuseum.com/|title=Stephen Leacock Museum|work=leacockmuseum.com}}</ref> and [[National Historic Site of Canada]]. Gossip provided by the local barber, Jefferson Short, provided Leacock with the material which would become ''[[Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town]]'' (1912), set in the thinly-disguised [[Mariposa (fictional town)|Mariposa]].

Leacock was awarded the [[Royal Society of Canada]]'s [[Lorne Pierce Medal]] in 1937, nominally for his academic work.

=== Memorial Medal for Humour ===
The Stephen Leacock Associates is a foundation chartered to preserve the literary legacy of Stephen Leacock, and oversee the annual award of the [[Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour]]. It is a prestigious honour, given to encourage Canadian humour writing and awarded for the best at Canadian humour writing. The foundation was instituted in 1946 and awarded the first Leacock Medal in 1947. The presentation occurs in June each year at the Stephen Leacock Award Dinner, at the Geneva Park Conference Centre in Orillia, Ontario.<ref name="slmfh" />

== Personal life ==
Leacock was born in England in 1869. His father, Peter Leacock, and his mother, Agnes Emma Butler Leacock, were both from well-to-do families. The family, eventually consisting of eleven children, immigrated to Canada in 1876, settling on a one hundred-acre farm in Sutton, Ontario. There Stephen was home-schooled until he was enrolled in Upper Canada College, Toronto. He became the head boy in 1887, and then entered the University of Toronto to study languages and literature. Despite completing two years of study in one year, he was forced to leave the university because his father had abandoned the family. Instead, Leacock enrolled in a three-month course at Strathroy Collegiate Institute to become a qualified high-school teacher.

His first appointment was at the then [[Uxbridge Secondary School|Uxbridge High School]] in [[Uxbridge, Ontario]], but he was soon offered a post at Upper Canada College, where he remained from 1889 through 1899. At this time, he also resumed part-time studies at the University of Toronto, graduating with a B.A. in 1891. However, Leacock's real interests were turning towards economics and political theory, and in 1899 he was accepted for postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago, where he earned his PhD in 1903.

In 1900 Leacock married Beatrix Hamilton, niece of Sir [[Henry Pellatt]], who had built [[Casa Loma]], the largest castle in North America.  In 1915, after 15 years of marriage, the couple had their only child, Stephen Lushington Leacock. While Leacock doted on the boy, it soon became apparent that "Stevie" suffered from a lack of growth hormone. Growing to be only four feet tall, he had a love-hate relationship with Leacock, who tended to treat him like a child. Beatrix died in 1925 due to breast cancer. His son remained a bachelor and died in Sutton in 1974.

Leacock was offered a post at McGill University, where he remained until he retired in 1936. In 1906, he wrote Elements of Political Science, which remained a standard college textbook for the next twenty years and became his most profitable book. He also began public speaking and lecturing, and he took a year's leave of absence in 1907 to speak throughout Canada on the subject of national unity. He typically spoke on national unity or the British Empire for the rest of his life.

Leacock began submitting articles to the Toronto humour magazine ''Grip'' in 1894, and soon was publishing many humorous articles in Canadian and US magazines. In 1910, he privately published the best of these as ''Literary Lapses''. The book was spotted by a British publisher, [[John Lane (publisher)|John Lane]], who brought out editions in London and New York, assuring Leacock's future as a writer. This was confirmed by ''Literary Lapses'' (1910), ''Nonsense Novels'' (1911) – probably his best books of humorous sketches—and by the more sentimental favourite, ''Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town'' (1912). John Lane introduced the young cartoonist [[Annie Fish]] to illustrate his 1913 book ''Behind the Beyond''.<ref name=btb/> Leacock's humorous style was reminiscent of Mark Twain and Charles Dickens at their sunniest&nbsp;– for example, in his book ''My Discovery of England'' (1922). However, his ''Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich'' (1914) is a darker collection that satirizes city life. Collections of sketches continued to follow almost annually at times, with a mixture of whimsy, parody, nonsense, and satire that was never bitter.

Leacock was enormously popular not only in Canada but in the United States and Britain.{{sfn|MacMillan|2009|pp=2, 41}} In later life, Leacock wrote on the art of humour writing and also published biographies of Twain and Dickens. After retirement, a lecture tour to western Canada led to his book My Discovery of the West: A Discussion of East and West in Canada (1937), for which he won the Governor General's Award. He also won the Mark Twain medal and received a number of honorary doctorates. Other nonfiction books on Canadian topics followed and he began work on an autobiography. Leacock died of throat cancer in Toronto in 1944. A prize for the best humour writing in Canada was named after him, and his house at Orillia on the banks of Lake Couchiching became the Stephen Leacock Museum.

== Death and tributes ==
[[File:Leacock and son.png|thumb|left|Leacock and his son in 1916]]
Predeceased by Trix (who had died of breast cancer in 1925), Leacock was survived by son Stevie (Stephen Lushington Leacock (1915–1974). In accordance with his wishes, after his death from [[Esophageal cancer|throat cancer]], Leacock was buried in the St George the Martyr Churchyard (St. George's Church, Sibbald Point), [[Sutton, Ontario]].

[[File:Leacock grave in the shade (35786202724).jpg|thumb|right|Leacock's grave (shaded) in the churchyard in Sibbald's Point]]

Shortly after his death, Barbara Nimmo, his niece, [[literary executor]] and benefactor, published two major posthumous works: ''Last Leaves'' (1945) and ''The Boy I Left Behind Me'' (1946). His summer cottage became derelict, and was declared a [[National Historic Site of Canada]] in 1958. It currently operates as a museum called the Stephen Leacock Museum National Historic Site.

In 1947, the [[Stephen Leacock Award]] was created to meet the best in Canadian literary humour. In 1969, the centennial of his birth, [[Canada Post]] issued a six-cent stamp with his image on it. The following year, the Stephen Leacock Centennial Committee had a plaque erected at his English birthplace and a mountain in [[Yukon]] was named after him.

A number of buildings in Canada are named after Leacock, including the [[Stephen Leacock Building]] at McGill University,<ref>{{cite web |title=Stephen Leacock Building |url=http://cac.mcgill.ca/campus/Buildings/Stephen_Leacock.html |publisher=McGill University |access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> Stephen Leacock Public School in Ottawa, a theatre in [[Keswick, Ontario]], and a school [[Stephen Leacock Collegiate Institute]] in [[Toronto]].

== Adaptations ==
Two Leacock short stories have been adapted as [[National Film Board of Canada]] animated shorts by [[Gerald Potterton]]: ''[[My Financial Career]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/My_Financial_Career/|title=My Financial Career|author=National Film Board of Canada|work=NFB.CA}}</ref> and ''[[The Awful Fate of Melpomenus Jones]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfb.ca/collection/films/fiche/?id=14202|title=National Film Board of Canada|work=nfb.ca}}</ref> [[Sunshine Sketches (TV series)|''Sunshine Sketches'']], based on ''[[Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town]]'', aired on [[CBC Television]] in 1952–1953; it was the first Canadian broadcast of an English-language dramatic series, as it debuted on the first night that television was broadcast in Toronto.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html?url=http%3A//www.broadcasting-history.ca/programming/television/programming_popup.php%3Fid%3D750|title=Canadian Communications Foundation – Fondation des Communications Canadiennes|work=broadcasting-history.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060811/http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcasting-history.ca%2Fprogramming%2Ftelevision%2Fprogramming_popup.php%3Fid%3D750|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> In 2012, a screen adaptation based on ''[[Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town]]'' was aired on [[CBC Television]] to celebrate both the 75th anniversary of the CBC and the 100th anniversary of Leacock's original collection of short stories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sunshinesketches/index.html|title=Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town|date=2 March 2012}}</ref> The recent screen adaptation featured [[Gordon Pinsent]] as a mature Leacock. In the summer of 2018, a live musical theatre adaptation by Craig Cassils and Robin Richardson based on ''[[Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town]]'' premiered at the Saskatchewan Festival of Words and the [[RuBarb TheatreFest]] in [[Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.mjindependent.com/music-and-arts/2018/7/25/sunshine-sketches-in-moose-jaw | title=Sunshine Sketches in Moose Jaw | work=Moose Jaw Independent | author=Jordan Bosch | date=2018-07-25 | access-date=2021-01-15}}</ref>

Canadian stage actor [[John Stark (actor)|John Stark]] was most noted for ''An Evening with Stephen Leacock'', a long-running one-man show.<ref>[[Carole Corbeil]], "Stark as Leacock is skillful and witty". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', 23 April 1980.</ref> An album of his show, released on Tapestry Records in 1982, received a [[Juno Award]] nomination for [[Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year|Comedy Album of the Year]] at the [[Juno Awards of 1982]].<ref>Liam Lacey, "McKenzies vs. Rush for best album Juno". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', 2 March 1982.</ref> Stark also later produced a television film adaptation of ''Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town'', as well as a stage musical based on Leacock's short story "The Great Election".

== Bibliography ==

=== Fiction and humour ===
* ''[[s:Literary Lapses|Literary Lapses]]'' (1910)
* ''Nonsense Novels'' (1911)
* ''[[Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town]]'' (1912)
* ''Behind the Beyond'' (1913) – illustrated by [[Annie Fish]].<ref name=btb>
Mark Bryant, 'Fish, (Harriet) Annie (1890–1964)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/57152, accessed 7 April 2017]</ref>
* ''[[Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich]]'' (1914)
* ''Moonbeams from the Larger Lunacy'' (1915)
* ''Further Foolishness'' (1916)
* ''Frenzied Fiction'' (1918)
* ''[[The Hohenzollerns in America : with the Bolsheviks in Berlin and other impossibilities|The Hohenzollerns in America]]'' (1919)
* ''Winsome Winnie'' (1920)
* ''My Discovery of England'' (1922)
* ''College Days'' (1923)
* ''Over the Footlights'' (1923)
* ''[[The Garden of Folly]]'' (1924)
* ''Winnowed Wisdom'' (1926)
* ''Short Circuits'' (1928)
* ''The Iron Man and the Tin Woman'' (1929)
* ''Laugh With Leacock'' (1930)
* ''The Dry Pickwick'' (1932)
* ''Afternoons in Utopia'' (1932)
* ''Hellements of Hickonomics in Hiccoughs of Verse Done in Our Social Planning Mill'' (1936)
* ''Model Memoirs'' (1938)
* ''Stephen Leacock's Laugh Parade: A new collection of the wit and humor of Stephen Leacock'' (1940)
* ''My Remarkable Uncle'' (1942)
* ''Happy Stories'' (1943)
* ''Last Leaves'' (1945)
* ''The Leacock Roundabout: A Treasury of the Best Works of Stephen Leacock'' (1946)
* ''The Man in Asbestos: An Allegory of the Future''

=== Non-fiction ===
* ''[https://archive.org/details/elementsofpolit00leac Elements of Political Science]'' (1906)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/baldwinlafontain00leac Baldwin, Lafontaine, Hincks: Responsible Government]'' (1907)
* ''Practical Political Economy'' (1910)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/adventurersoffar00leacuoft Adventurers of the Far North]'' (1914)
* ''The Dawn of Canadian History'' (1914)
* ''The Mariner of St. Malo: a chronicle of the voyages of Jacques Cartier''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/marinerofstmaloc00leacuoft|title=The mariner of St. Malo : a chronicle of the voyages of Jacques Cartier|last=Leacock|first=Stephen|date=1914-01-01|publisher=Toronto : Glasgow Brook}}</ref> (1914)
* ''Essays and Literary Studies'' (1916)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/unsolvedriddleof00leacuoft The Unsolved Riddle of Social Justice]'' (1920)
* ''Mackenzie, Baldwin, Lafontaine, Hincks'' (1926)
* ''Economic Prosperity in the British Empire'' (1930)
* ''The Economic Prosperity of the British Empire'' (1931)
* ''Humour: Its Theory and Technique, with Examples and Samples'' (1935)
* ''The Greatest Pages of American Humor'' (1936)
* ''Humour and Humanity'' (1937)
* ''Here Are My Lectures'' (1937)
* ''My Discovery of the West'' (1937)
* ''Too Much College'' (1939)
* ''Our British Empire'' (1940)
* ''Canada: The Foundations of Its Future'' (1941)
* ''Our Heritage of Liberty'' (1942)
* ''Montreal: Seaport and City'' (1942)
* ''Canada and the Sea'' (1944)
*''How to Write'' (1944)
* ''While There Is Time'' (1944)
* ''My Lost Dollar''

==== Biography ====
* ''Mark Twain'' (1932)
* ''Charles Dickens: His Life and Work'' (1933)

==== Autobiography ====
* ''The Boy I Left Behind Me'' (1946)

== Notes ==
* War And Humour <ref>Penguin Books "Canadian Accent" Published 1944, First Published by Dodd Mean and Company 1942</ref>
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{Cite journal|last=Ferris|first=Ina|date=1978-06-06|title=The Face in the Window: ''Sunshine Sketches'' Reconsidered|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/SCL/article/view/7891|journal=[[Studies in Canadian Literature]]|language=en|issn=1718-7850}}
* {{Cite book|last=Legate|first=David M.|url=https://archive.org/details/stephenleacock00lega|url-access=registration|title=Stephen Leacock: A Biography|date=1970|publisher=[[Doubleday Canada]]|location=Toronto|language=English|oclc=1036976678}}
* {{Cite book|last=MacMillan|first=Margaret|author-link=Margaret MacMillan|url=https://archive.org/details/stephenleacock0000macm|url-access=registration|title=Stephen Leacock|date=2009|publisher=Penguin Canada|isbn=978-0-670-06681-0|location=Toronto|oclc=302060920}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Moritz|first1=A. F.|last2=Moritz|first2=Theresa Anne|url=https://archive.org/details/leacockbiography00mori|url-access=registration|title=Leacock: A Biography|year=1985|publisher=[[Stoddart Publishing]]|isbn=0-7737-2027-8|location=Toronto|oclc=12555441}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource author}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.LEACOCK Guide to the Stephen Butler Leacock Papers 1901-1946] at the [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center]

===Libraries===
* [http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/nlc-bnc/stephen_leacock-ef/2001/index-e.html National Library of Canada] 
* [http://canadian-writers.athabascau.ca/english/writers/sleacock.php Leacock] at "English-Canadian writers", [[Athabasca University]], by Lee Skallerup, with add. links

===Electronic editions===
* {{FadedPage|id=Leacock, Stephen Butler|name=Stephen Leacock|author=yes}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/stephen-leacock}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=1221| name=Stephen Leacock}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Stephen Leacock}}
* {{Librivox author |id=1193}}
* {{OL author|48119A}}
* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=leacock+stephen&amode=start Works by Stephen Leacock] at [[The Online Books Page]]
* [https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/search.jsp?Erp=20&N=38537+38532+4294935905&view=grid Works by Stephen Leacock] at Digital Archive ([[Toronto Public Library]])
* [http://www.scenarioproductions.com/cbc/STAGE_SERIES/9.htm ''Sunshine Sketches Radio Play''] CBC Radio Adaptation 1946
* [http://ronevry.com/Leacock_Stories.html Index of twenty-nine Stephen Leacock stories read in Mister Ron's Basement] Podcast

{{Governor General's English non-fiction|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leacock, Stephen}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of McGill University]]
[[Category:Canadian economists]]
[[Category:Canadian political scientists]]
[[Category:Canadian satirists]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Ontario]]
[[Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer in Canada]]
[[Category:English emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada]]
[[Category:Governor General's Award–winning non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Maclean's writers and editors]]
[[Category:People from Swanmore]]
[[Category:People from the Regional Municipality of York]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Canadian Political Science Association]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
[[Category:Upper Canada College alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Ontario]]