Editing Stephen Krashen

{{short description|American linguist}}
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| name               = Stephen Krashen
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| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1941|05|14}}
| birth_place        = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S.
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| citizenship        = United States of America
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| website            = {{url|http://www.sdkrashen.com/|www.sdkrashen.com}}
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| alma_mater         = [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
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| discipline         = [[linguistics|Linguist]]
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| workplaces         = [[University of Southern California]]
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| main_interests     = [[Second-language acquisition]]
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'''Stephen D. Krashen''' (born May 14, 1941) is an American linguist, educational researcher and activist, who is [[professor emeritus|Emeritus Professor]] of Education at the [[University of Southern California]].<ref name="USC bio">{{cite web | url= http://rossier.usc.edu/faculty-and-research/directories/a-z/profile/?id=115 | title= Stephen Krashen : BIO | publisher= USC. }}</ref> He moved from the [[linguistics]] department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994.

==Work==
Stephen Krashen received a Ph.D. in [[Linguistics]] from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://rossier.usc.edu/faculty-and-research/directories/a-z/profile/?id=115 | title=Profile}}</ref>
Krashen has among papers (peer-reviewed and not) and books, more than 486 publications, contributing to the fields of [[second-language acquisition]], [[bilingual education]], and reading.<ref name="NABE PDF">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nabe.org/documents/elections/west.pdf
 |title       = 2005 NABE Executive Board Election, Regional Representatives, West Region —Candidates' Statements & Biographies (PDF)
 |publisher   = National Association for Bilingual Education
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20050525015751/http://www.nabe.org/documents/elections/west.pdf
 |archive-date = 2005-05-25
}}</ref> He introduced various hypotheses related to second-language acquisition, including the [[acquisition-learning hypothesis]], the [[Comprehensible input|input hypothesis]], the [[monitor hypothesis]], the [[affective filter]], and the [[natural order hypothesis]].<ref>Krashen, S. (2003) ''Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use''. Portsmouth: Heimemann.</ref> Most recently, Krashen promotes the use of ''[[free voluntary reading]]'' during second-language acquisition, which he says "is the most powerful tool we have in [[language education]], first and second."<ref name="Achievement Profile">{{cite web
| url= http://www.eslminiconf.net/september/krashen.html
| title= Achievement Profile: Stephen Krashen
| publisher= Scott, R.
}}</ref>

==Awards==
* 1985: co-winner of the Pimsleur Award, given by the American Council of Foreign Language Teachers for the best published article
* 1986: his paper "Lateralisation, language learning and the critical period" was selected as Citation Class by [[Current Contents]]
* 1993: the Distinguished Presentation related to School Library Media Centers, was awarded to by editors of the School Library Media Annual
* 1982: winner of the Mildenberger Award, given for his book, ''Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning'' (Prentice-Hall)
* 2005: Krashen was inducted into the [[International Reading Association]]'s Reading Hall of Fame.
* 2005: elected at the [[National Association for Bilingual Education]] Executive Board.

==Educational policy activism==
{{See also|California Proposition 227 (1998)}}
{{BLP sources section|date=September 2019}}

As education policy in Krashen's home state of [[California]] became increasingly hostile to [[bilingualism]], he responded with research critical of the new policies, public speaking engagements, and with letters written to newspaper editors. During the campaign to enact an anti-bilingual education law in California in 1998, known as [[California Proposition 227 (1998)|Proposition 227]], Krashen campaigned aggressively in public forums, media talk shows, and conducted numerous interviews with journalists writing on the subject. After other anti-bilingual education campaigns and attempts to enact regressive [[language education]] policies surfaced around the country, by 2006 it was estimated that Krashen had submitted well over 1,000 letters to editors.

Krashen has been an advocate for a more activist role by researchers in combating what he considers the public's misconceptions about bilingual education. Addressing the question of how to explain public opposition to bilingual education, Krashen queried, "Is it due to a stubborn disinformation campaign on the part of newspapers and other news media to deliberately destroy bilingual education? Or is it due to the failure of the profession to present its side of the story to reporters? There is a great deal of anecdotal evidence in support of the latter." Continuing, Krashen wrote, "Without a serious, dedicated and organized campaign to explain and defend bilingual education at the national level, in a very short time we will have nothing left to defend."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languagepolicy.net/archives/Krash11.htm|title=Evidence Suggesting That Public Opinion Is Becoming More Negative: A Discussion of the Reasons, and What We Can Do About It|last=Krashen|first=Stephen D.|website=James Crawford's Language Policy Web Site}}</ref>

== Writing ==
*{{cite book|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/sl_acquisition_and_learning.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/sl_acquisition_and_learning.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning|last=Krashen|first=Stephen D.|publisher=Pergamon|year=1981|place=Oxford}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/principles_and_practice.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/principles_and_practice.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition|last=Krashen|first=Stephen D.|publisher=Pergamon|year=1982|place=Oxford}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/the_natural_approach.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/books/the_natural_approach.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom|last1=Krashen|first1=Stephen D.|last2=Terrell|first2=Tracy D.|author-link2=Tracy D. Terrell|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1983|place=New York}}
*{{citation|last=Krashen |first=Stephen D.|title=The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications|year=1985|place=New York|publisher=Longman}}
* {{citation|title=We Acquire Vocabulary and Spelling by Reading: Additional Evidence for the Input Hypothesis|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/1989_we_acquire_vocabulary_and_spelling_by_reading.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/1989_we_acquire_vocabulary_and_spelling_by_reading.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|year=1989 |last1=Krashen |first1=Stephen D.|journal=The Modern Language Journal|volume=73|issue=4|pages=440–464 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x}}
* {{citation|title=The case for narrow listening|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/the_case_for_narrow_listening.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/the_case_for_narrow_listening.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|year=1996 |last1=Krashen |first1=Stephen D.|journal=System|volume=24|issue=1|pages=97–100 |doi=10.1016/0346-251X(95)00054-N}}
* {{citation|title=Extensive reading in English as a foreign language|year=1997 |last1=Mason|last2=Krashen|first1=Beniko|first2=Stephen D.|journal=System|volume=25|issue=1|pages=91–102 |doi=10.1016/S0346-251X(96)00063-2|citeseerx=10.1.1.523.2747}}
* {{citation|title=Selected papers from the Eleventh International Symposium on English Teaching/Fourth Pan-Asian Conference|chapter-url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/2002_comprehension_and_rivals.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/2002_comprehension_and_rivals.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|year=2002 |last1=Krashen |first1=Stephen D.|pages=395–404 |chapter=The Comprehension Hypothesis and its Rivals|location=Taipei|publisher=Crane Publishing Company}}
*{{citation|last=Krashen |first=Stephen D.|title=Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use|url=https://www.heinemann.com/shared/onlineresources/E00554/chapter2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.heinemann.com/shared/onlineresources/E00554/chapter2.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|year=2003|place=Portsmouth|publisher=NH: Heinemann.}}
* {{citation|title=Commentary: Can free reading take you all the way? A response to Cobb (2007)|url=http://llt.msu.edu/vol12num1/mcquillan/default.html|year=2008 |last1=McQuillan|last2=Krashen |first1=Jeff|first2=Stephen D.|journal=Language Learning & Technology|volume=6|issue=27|pages=104–109 }}
* {{citation|title=Is CALL obsolete? Language Acquisition and Language Learning Revisited in a Digital Age|url=http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume17/ej68/ej68a1/ |year=2014|last1=Jarvis|last2=Krashen|first1=Huw|first2=Stephen D.|journal=Tesl-Ej|volume=17|issue=4|pages=1–6 |issn=1072-4303}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/2014_krashen_the_common_core_ignoring.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/2014_krashen_the_common_core_ignoring.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=The Common Core: Ignoring Education's Real Problems|last=Krashen|first=Stephen D.|publisher=Talking Points 28 (1): 26-28, 2014.)|year=2014|place=skrashen.blogspot.com}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/krashen_unzFeb9.html Response to criticism] by [[Ron Unz]]
* [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1127540 NPR Talk of the Nation episode featuring Stephen Krashen]
* [http://www.viviancook.uk/SLA/Krashen.htm Krashen's Comprehension Hypothesis Model of L2 learning] [[applied linguistics|Applied linguist]] Vivian Cook's page on Krashen's hypotheses.
* YouTube talk in 2015 by Krashen   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3pipsG_dQk
* YouTube talk in 2020 by Krashen on SLA, reading and research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0WfMgH_qPs
* Researchgate profile : https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stephen-Krashen
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Krashen, Stephen}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Linguists from the United States]]
[[Category:People from Chicago]]
[[Category:American educational theorists]]
[[Category:American educational psychologists]]
[[Category:University of Southern California faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bilingualism and second-language acquisition researchers]]