Editing Stavelot

{{Short description|Municipality in Liège Province, Belgium}}
{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name             = Stavelot
|native_name      = {{native_name|wa|Ståvleu}}
|namede           = Stablo
|picture          = Stavelot.JPG
|picture-legend   = 
|map              = Stavelot Liège Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend       = Location of Stavelot in the province of Liège
|arms             = Blason Stavelot.svg
|flag             = Flag of Stavelot.svg
|region           = {{BE-REG-WAL}}
|community        = {{BE-FR}}
|province         = {{BE-PROV-LG}}
|arrondissement   = [[Arrondissement of Verviers|Verviers]]
|nis              = 63073
|pyramid-date     = |0-19 = |20-64 = |65 = |foreigners = |foreigners-date = 
|mayor            = Thierry de Bournonville ([[Reformist Movement|MR]])
|majority         = Liste du Bourgmestre
|postal-codes     = 4970
|telephone-area   = 080
|web              = {{Official URL}}
|coordinates      = {{coord|50|23|N|5|56|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Stavelot''' ({{IPA|fr|stavlo|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Manestra-Stavelot.wav}}; {{langx|de|Stablo}} {{IPA|de|ˈʃtablo||}}; {{langx|wa|Ståvleu}}) is a town and [[Municipalities of Belgium|municipality]] of [[Wallonia]] located in the [[Liège Province|province of Liège]], [[Belgium]]. 

The municipality consists of the following districts: [[Francorchamps]] and Stavelot.

It is best known as the home of [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps Circuit]] and the [[Laetare de Stavelot carnival]].

==Population==
In 2006, Stavelot had a population of 6,671 and an area of {{convert|85.07|sqkm|abbr=on}}, giving a [[population density]] of {{convert|78|PD/sqkm}}.

==History==
{{main|Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy}}
[[File:Stavelot et Abbaye.JPG|thumb|left|The town and abbey of Stavelot, c. 1735]]
The town grew up around the Abbey of Stavelot, founded ''ca'' 650, out of what had been a [[villa]], by [[Saint Remaclus]] (Saint Remacle). The villa's lands occupied the borderland between the bishoprics of [[Cologne]] and [[Tongeren]]. The Abbey of Stavelot was secularized and demolished at the time of the [[French Revolution]]: of the church just the west end doorway remains, as a free-standing tower.  Two [[cloister]]s — one secular, one for the monks — survive as the courtyards of the brick-and-stone 17th-century domestic ranges, now housing the Museum of the Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, and museums devoted to the poet [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], who was a long-term resident, and to the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. The foundations of the abbey church are presented  as a footprint, with walls and column bases that enable the visitor to visualize the scale of the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] abbey.

Abbot [[Wibald]] (ruled 1130–58) was one of the greatest patrons of the arts in the 12th century; the [[Stavelot Triptych]] of gilded copper and enamels, which contained two fragments of the [[True Cross]], was produced for the Abbey during his rule (about 1156). The binding of the Stavelot Bible, and the remaining fragments from the [[retable]] (altar screen) at Stavelot are also high points of medieval art.

In the 16th century, the monk [[Jean Delvaux]] claimed to have seen witches and demonic rituals, as he accused several other church officials of engaging in these rituals.

Stavelot was the seat of the [[Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy]], a small independent region of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], ruled by the abbots of Stavelot. The principality was dissolved in 1795 during the French Revolution. At the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, Stavelot was added to the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] while [[Malmedy]] was added to the [[Prussian Rhineland]]. In 1830 it became part of [[Belgium]]. (Malmedy would also become a part of Belgium, but not until 1919.)

The town's [[coat of arms]], granted in 1819, is parted [[fess]]wise between Stavelot's founding bishop, and the wolf which in Stavelot's founding legend carried bricks for the building of the Abbey.<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/int/bel/s/stavelot.htm Coat of arms of Stavelot] on ''Heraldry of the World''</ref>

During the [[Battle of the Bulge]] in [[World War II]], the city was the scene of severe fighting. From December 18–20, 1944, soldiers belonging to [[6th Panzer Army|Sixth Panzer Army's]] [[Joachim Peiper|''Kampfgruppe Peiper'']] armored battle group murdered more than 100 civilians, including women and children, as well as American prisoners of war, in Stavelot and the surrounding area. Peiper and some of his officers were after the war [[Malmedy massacre trial|tried and convicted]] for this [[war crimes|war crime]] along with others perpetrated during the same period.{{cn|date=December 2021}}

==Attractions==
Stavelot is home to the [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], the famous venue of the [[Formula One]] [[Belgian Grand Prix]] and the [[Spa 24 Hours]] endurance race.

Stavelot also has a traditional carnival, the ''[[Laetare de Stavelot|Laetare des Blancs-Moussis]]''. On [[Laetare Sunday]], the fourth Sunday of [[Lent]], some 200 local men clad in white and masked with long red noses — the ''Blancs-Moussis'' — parade through town throwing [[confetti]] and beating bystanders with dried [[pig bladder]]s.

==Climate==
Stavelot has an [[oceanic climate]] influenced by its high elevation and inland position towards a more continental type by Belgian standards. Being located at a lower elevation than neighbouring village [[Malmedy#Climate|Malmedy]] at the other end of the original layout of the Spa-Francorchamps race track, Stavelot is slightly milder, drier and sunnier than Malmedy year round.

{{Weather box
|location = Stavelot (1981–2010 normals; sunshine 1984–2013)
|collapsed = 
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 
|Feb record high C = 
|Mar record high C = 
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|May record high C = 
|Jun record high C = 
|Jul record high C = 
|Aug record high C = 
|Sep record high C = 
|Oct record high C = 
|Nov record high C = 
|Dec record high C = 
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 3.4
|Feb high C = 4.6
|Mar high C = 8.5
|Apr high C = 12.5
|May high C = 16.7
|Jun high C = 19.4
|Jul high C = 21.7
|Aug high C = 21.3
|Sep high C = 17.4
|Oct high C = 12.9
|Nov high C = 7.3
|Dec high C = 4.2
|year high C = 12.6
|Jan mean C = 0.9
|Feb mean C = 1.2
|Mar mean C = 4.4
|Apr mean C = 7.4
|May mean C = 11.6
|Jun mean C = 14.4
|Jul mean C = 16.6
|Aug mean C = 16.2
|Sep mean C = 12.9
|Oct mean C = 9.3
|Nov mean C = 4.7
|Dec mean C = 1.7
|year mean C = 8.5
|Jan low C = -1.8
|Feb low C = -2.1
|Mar low C = 0.4
|Apr low C = 2.4
|May low C = 6.4
|Jun low C = 9.4
|Jul low C = 11.5
|Aug low C = 10.9
|Sep low C = 8.1
|Oct low C = 5.4
|Nov low C = 2.0
|Dec low C = -0.7
|year low C = 4.4
|Jan record low C = 
|Feb record low C = 
|Mar record low C = 
|Apr record low C = 
|May record low C = 
|Jun record low C = 
|Jul record low C = 
|Aug record low C = 
|Sep record low C = 
|Oct record low C = 
|Nov record low C = 
|Dec record low C = 
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 115.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 97.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 105.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 78.8
|May precipitation mm = 89.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 96.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 100.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 95.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 97.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 97.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 103.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 120.0
|year precipitation mm = 1197.1
|Jan precipitation days = 15.1
|Feb precipitation days = 13.1
|Mar precipitation days = 15.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.8
|May precipitation days = 12.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.6
|Jul precipitation days = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 11.7
|Sep precipitation days = 12.1
|Oct precipitation days = 12.5
|Nov precipitation days = 14.9
|Dec precipitation days = 15.9
|year precipitation days = 159.8
|Jan sun = 45
|Feb sun = 69
|Mar sun = 113
|Apr sun = 159
|May sun = 185
|Jun sun = 181
|Jul sun = 197
|Aug sun = 188
|Sep sun = 133
|Oct sun = 102
|Nov sun = 49
|Dec sun = 34
|year sun = 1453
|source = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteo.be/resources/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS63073_STAVELOT_nl.pdf|title=Klimaatstatistieken van de Belgische gemeenten|publisher=[[Royal Meteorological Institute]]|language=nl|access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
}}

== Image gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Stavelot, Stavelot in bloemen foto3 2012-06-29 10.31.JPG|Stavelot in flowers
Image:Stavelot JPG02.jpg|Stavelot Abbey, Belgium (formerly St. Remacle abbey)
File:Église Saint-Sébastien, Stavelot-9851.jpg|Church of St. Sebastian
File:BlancsMoussisProcession.jpg | The Blancs-Moussis in the 2006 ''Carnaval de la Laetare''
File:Stavelot - Musée Francorchamps.jpg | Museum of the Spa-Francorchamps racing circuit
File:Tussen Stavelot en Trois Ponts, de Amblève foto5 2017-03-27 15.38.jpg|L'Ambléve between Stavelot and Trois Ponts
File:Watervallen van Coo (Stavelot).JPG|Waterfalls of Coo
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of protected heritage sites in Stavelot]]
* [[The works of Maxime Real del Sarte]]

== References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311215114/http://www.opt.be/informations/wallonia_attraction/EN/A/V/43139.html Museum of the Stavelot-Malmedy Principality, Stavelot]
* [http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=RMA&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RMA_083&ID_ARTICLE=RMA_083_0497 Philippe George, "Un moine est mort: sa vie commence"] in ''Le Moyen Age'',  2002/3–4 Abbot Poppon
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081006174634/http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/michelleRoberts/stavelotReliquary.html The Stavelot Reliquary]
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1126Corvee.html Medieval Sourcebook: Abbey of Stavelot]: [[corvée]] of labour
* [http://www.bargaintraveleurope.com/08/Belgium_Spa_Racetrack_Museum.htm Spa-Francorchamps Race Museum Abbey Stavelot]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Stavelot
|N  = [[Jalhay]]
|E  = [[Malmedy]]
|SE = [[St. Vith]]
|S  = [[Trois-Ponts]]
|W  = [[Stoumont]]
|NW = [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]]
}}
{{Municipalities in Liège}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Stavelot| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Wallonia]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Liège Province]]