Editing St. Martinville, Louisiana

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Saint Martinville
| official_name                   = City of Saint Martinville<br />{{native name|fr|Ville de Saint-Martin}}
| native_name                     = {{native name|fr|Saint-Martin}}
| other_name                      = 
| settlement_type                 = [[List of cities in Louisiana|City]]
| image_skyline                   = St. Martinville, Louisiana.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = Main Street
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = 
| etymology                       = 
| nickname                        = ''Petit Paris'' (Little Paris)
| motto                           = 
| anthem                          = 
| image_map                       = File:St. Martin Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas St. Martinville Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                         = 
| map_alt                         = 
| map_caption                     = Location within St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
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| coordinates                     = {{coord|30|07|30|N|91|49|50|W|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1               = State
| subdivision_name1               = {{flag|Louisiana}}
| subdivision_type2               = Parish
| subdivision_name2               = [[St. Martin Parish, Louisiana|St. Martin]]
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name4               = 
| established_title               = Founded
| established_date                = 
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| founder                         = 
| named_for                       = 
| seat_type                       = 
| seat                            = 
| seat1_type                      = 
| seat1                           = 
| leader_party                    = [[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]
| leader_title                    = Mayor
| leader_name                     = Jason Willis
| total_type                      = 
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_22.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2                  = 8.18
| area_total_sq_mi                = 3.16
| area_land_km2                   = 7.90
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 3.05
| area_water_km2                  = 0.28
| area_water_sq_mi                = 0.11
| area_water_percent              = 
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| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_ft                    = 23
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| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_total                = 5379
| population_rank                 = 
| population_density_km2          = 680.56
| population_density_sq_mi        = 1762.45
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| timezone1                       = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1                     = -6
| timezone1_DST                   = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST                 = -5
| timezone2                       = 
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| postal_code_type                = ZIP Code
| postal_code                     = 70582
| postal2_code_type               = 
| postal2_code                    = 
| area_code_type                  = 
| area_code                       = [[Area code 337|337]]
| geocode                         = 
| iso_code                        = 
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 22-67600
| blank1_name                     = 
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| blank_info_sec2                 = 
| blank1_name_sec2                = 
| blank1_info_sec2                = 
| blank2_name_sec2                = Wikimedia Commons
| blank2_info_sec2                = 
| website                         = {{URL|https://stmartinville.org}}
| footnotes                       = 
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}}
'''St. Martinville''' ({{langx|fr|Saint-Martin}})<ref name="Reynolds">Jack A. Reynolds. "St. Martinville" entry in [https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7852 "Louisiana Placenames of Romance Origin."] LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses #7852. 1942. p. 480.</ref> is a city in and the [[parish seat]] of [[St. Martin Parish, Louisiana|St. Martin Parish]], [[Louisiana]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> It lies on [[Bayou Teche]], {{Convert|13|mi|km}} south of [[Breaux Bridge, Louisiana|Breaux Bridge]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Saint Martinville, LA and Breaux Bridge, LA|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-saint-martinville-la-to-breaux-bridge-la|access-date=2021-07-31|website=www.distance-cities.com}}</ref> {{Convert|16|mi|km}} southeast of [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Saint Martinville, LA and Lafayette, LA|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-saint-martinville-la-to-lafayette-la|access-date=2021-07-31|website=www.distance-cities.com}}</ref> and {{Convert|9|mi|km}} north of [[New Iberia, Louisiana|New Iberia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Saint Martinville, LA and New Iberia, LA|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-saint-martinville-la-to-new-iberia-la|access-date=2021-07-31|website=www.distance-cities.com}}</ref> The population was 6,114 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 U.S. census]], and 5,379 at the [[2020 United States census]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=QuickFacts: St. Martinville city, Louisiana|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/stmartinvillecitylouisiana/POP010220|access-date=August 14, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> It is part of the [[Lafayette, Louisiana metropolitan area|Lafayette metropolitan statistical area]].

==History==
[[File:Longfellow-Evangeline State Historic Site-1.jpg|thumb|[[Longfellow-Evangeline State Historic Site]]|left]]
[[File:StMartinChurchWM.JPG|thumb|[[St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church (St. Martinville, Louisiana)|St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church]]|left]]
In the 16th century, the area between the [[Atchafalaya River]], in Louisiana, the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]], in [[Texas]], was occupied by numerous tribes or subdivisions of the [[Attakapan]] people. The territory was not closed to outsiders, and several traders roamed through it on business.

Europeans did not begin to settle there until French explorers claimed and founded the colony of Louisiana in 1699.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colonial Louisiana|url=https://www.crt.state.la.us/louisiana-state-museum/online-exhibits/the-cabildo/colonial-louisiana/index|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Louisiana State Museum|language=en}}</ref> They referred to the territory between the Atchafalaya River and [[Bayou Nezpique]], where the Eastern Atakapa lived, as the Attakapas Territory, adopting the name from the Choctaw language term for this people. The French colonial government gave land away to French soldiers and settlers.

''Poste des Atakapas'' (Attakapas Post) was founded as a trading post on the banks of the Bayou Teche, and settlers started to arrive. Some came separately from [[France]], such as M. Masse, who came about 1754 from [[Grenoble]]. Gabriel [[Fuselier de la Claire]], a Frenchman from [[Lyon]], and some other Frenchmen from [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], in present-day Alabama, arrived in late 1763 or early 1764. Fuselier bought land between [[Vermilion River (Louisiana)|Vermilion River]] and [[Bayou Teche]] from the Eastern Attakapas chief [[Kinemo]]. Shortly after that, the rival Appalousa ([[Opelousas]]) invaded the area via the [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]] and [[Sabine River (Texas-Louisiana)|Sabine]] rivers, and exterminated much of the Eastern Atakapan. Gabriel Fuselier's son Agricole Fuselier was prominent in settling what developed as [[New Iberia, Louisiana]].

Gradually groups of more French speakers arrived, such as the first [[Acadians]] from [[Nova Scotia]]. They were assigned to this area in 1765 by [[Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie]], the French official who was administering Louisiana for the Spanish. They had been [[Expulsion of Acadians|expelled from Acadia]] by the British,<ref>{{Cite web|title=From Acadian to Cajun - Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/jela/learn/historyculture/from-acadian-to-cajun.htm|access-date=2021-07-31|website=www.nps.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cajuns|url=https://64parishes.org/entry/cajuns|access-date=2021-07-31|website=64 Parishes|language=en}}</ref> who had defeated France in the [[Seven Years' War]] and taken over its territories in North America east of the Mississippi River. Spain took over Louisiana and other territories west of the Mississippi but tended to rely on French colonists to administer ''[[La Louisiane]]''.

The Acadians were led by [[Joseph Broussard]]. In 1768-1769, fifteen families arrived from [[Pointe Coupee]], another French colonial community. Their members had migrated from [[Saint-Domingue]] (now [[Haïti]]) or from [[Paris]] via [[Fort de Chartres]], in present-day Illinois. Between the arrivals of the two groups, the French captain Étienne de Vaugine came in 1764 and acquired a large domain east of Bayou Teche.

On April 25, 1766, after the arrival of the first Acadians, the census showed a population of 409 inhabitants for the Attakapas region. In 1767, the Attakapas Post had 150 inhabitants before the arrival of the 15 families from Pointe Coupee.

In 1803, after losing his effort to regain control over Saint-Domingue during its slave revolt, [[Napoleon]] sold Louisiana in 1803 to the United States through the [[Louisiana Purchase]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Milestones: 1801–1829 - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/louisiana-purchase|access-date=2021-07-31|website=history.state.gov}}</ref> The U.S. settlers and territorial government organized the Attakapas Territory between 1807 and 1868. After Louisiana became a state, [[Saint Martin Parish]] was created. Attakapas Post was renamed as Saint Martinville and designated as the parish seat.

In 1867, Governor [[Benjamin Flanders]] appointed [[Monroe Baker]] as mayor who was one of the earliest if not the first African-American mayor to serve in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ken |last= Grissom|authorlink=   |title=Baker First Black Mayor   |newspaper=[[Teche News]]|date=July 12, 2006 |url=  https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108091942/teche-news/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

==Geography==
St. Martinville is located at {{Coord|30|7|30|N|91|49|50|W|type:city}} (30.125053, -91.830593), in [[Acadiana]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city is part of the [[Lafayette metropolitan area, Louisiana|Lafayette metropolitan statistical area]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), of which 3.0 square miles (7.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.33% is water. Its terrain is mixture of swamp and prairie.

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1850= 652
|1870= 1190
|1880= 1606
|1890= 1814
|1900= 1926
|1910= 2318
|1920= 2465
|1930= 2455
|1940= 3501
|1950= 4614
|1960= 6468
|1970= 7153
|1980= 7965
|1990= 7137
|2000= 6989
|2010= 6114
|2020= 5379
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+St. Martinville racial composition as of 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2267600&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-29|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 1,853
| 34.45%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 3,240
| 60.23%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 14
| 0.26%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 19
| 0.35%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 145
| 2.7%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 108
| 2.01%
|}
At the [[2020 United States census]], there were 5,379 people, 2,567 households, and 1,366 families residing in the city. At the [[2010 United States census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2017-05-03|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 6,114 people, 2,320 households, and 1,533 families residing in the city.

According to the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], the racial and ethnic makeup was 63.0% [[African Americans|Black and African American]], 32.8% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]], 0.4% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 2.3% [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]], and 1.5% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic and Latin American]] of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2267600&tid=ACSDP5Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=true|access-date=2021-07-31|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> In 2010, the racial makeup of the city was 35.3% [[White Americans|White]], 62.7% Black and African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races; Hispanic or Latin Americans of any race were 1.4% of the population. In 2005, 81.1% of the population over the age of five spoke only [[English language|English]] at home, 15.9% of the population spoke [[French language|French]], and 2.7% spoke [[Louisiana Creole French]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Data Center Results |access-date=2013-08-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815140430/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=2013-08-15 }}</ref>

At the 2010 U.S. census, there were 2,320 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 28.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.13. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 20 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males. By the 2019 census estimates, the population was spread throughout 3,120 housing units and the median age was 47.5; 5.6% of the population were aged 5 and under, and 79.6% were aged 18 and older; 22.4% were aged 65 and older.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geography Profile: St. Martinville city, Louisiana|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2267600|access-date=2021-07-31|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

In 2019, the median household income was $25,520 and 28.2% of its population lived at or below the poverty line. Males had a median income of $30,505 versus $27,167 for females. In 2010, the median income for a household in the city was $24,246 and the median income for a family was $33,009. Males had a median income of $30,710 versus $33,455 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,835. About 24.6% of families and 29.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 50.2% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
The economy of St. Martinville is fueled by agriculture and tourism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Martinville|url=https://www.louisianatravel.com/cities/st-martinville|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Louisiana Official Travel and Tourism Information|language=en}}</ref> Agricultural production mainly yields crops of [[crawfish]] and [[sugar cane]]. The latter was a major commodity crop before the [[American Civil War]], when it was dependent on enslaved labor. It has continued to be important.

==Education==
Public schools in St. Martin Parish are operated by the [[St. Martin Parish School Board]]. The city of St. Martinville is zoned to the Early Learning Center (Grades PK-1), St. Martinville Primary School (Grades 1-5), St. Martinville Junior High School (Grades 6-8) and [[St. Martinville Senior High School]] (Grades 9-12).<ref>[http://saintmartinschools.org/site487.php] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826021320/http://saintmartinschools.org/site487.php|date=August 26, 2012}}</ref> The Evangeline campus of [[Louisiana Technical College]] is located in St. Martinville.

==Culture and arts==
[[Image:Evangeline - Saint Martinville.jpg|thumb|A statue of [[Evangeline]] - a heroine of the [[Great Upheaval|dérangement]] and of [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]'s famous poem]]
St. Martinville is widely considered an important site in the development of [[Cajun]] culture, and it is in the heart of [[Cajun Country]]. A multicultural community in St. Martinville, with Acadians and Cajuns, [[Louisiana Creole people|Creoles]] (French coming via the French West Islands - Guadeloupe, Martinique and Santo Domingo), French, Spaniards and [[African diaspora|Africans]]. Once [[New Orleans]] was founded and began to have [[epidemics]], some New Orleanians escaped the city and came to St. Martinville. Its nickname, ''Petit Paris'' ("Little Paris"), dates from the era when St. Martinville was known as a cultural mecca with good hotels and a French theater, the Duchamp Opera House (founded in 1830), which featured the best operas and witty comedies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=The Original Cajun Country |url=https://www.lafayettetravel.com/blog/stories/post/the-original-cajun-country/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.lafayettetravel.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

The third oldest town in Louisiana, St. Martinville has many buildings and homes with historic architecture. The historic [[St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church (St. Martinville, Louisiana)|St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church]] and La Maison Duchamp on Main Street are part of the legacy of the Acadian people. The church was dedicated to [[Martin of Tours]] in France, where a St Martin de Tours church can be found. St. Martinville is the site of the "Evangeline Oak", featured in [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]'s poem about the Acadian expulsion.

The city houses an African American Museum and is a posted destination on the [[Louisiana African American Heritage Trail]], which was established in 2008.<ref>[http://blog.nola.com/tpmoney/2008/02/african_american_heritage_trai.html Kimberly Quillen, "African American Heritage Trail unveiled in New Orleans this morning"], ''Times Picayune'', February 27, 2008, accessed January 17, 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.astorylikenoother.com/ "A Story Like No Other: African American Heritage Trail"], website</ref>

St. Martinville is the setting of the [[2013 in film|2013 film]], ''Christmas on the Bayou'', starring [[Hilarie Burton]] as Katherine, a divorced mother and business executive, with [[Tyler Hilton]] as Caleb, Katherine's former childhood companion. In the story line, Katherine rekindles romance and discovers where she truly belongs after she comes to St. Martinville to spend [[Christmas]] with her mother Lilly ([[Markie Post]]), and son Zack (Brody Rose). [[Randy Travis]] and [[Ed Asner]] are cast, respectively, as Mr. Greenhall and Papa Noel (the bayou [[Santa Claus]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2993674/|title=''Christmas on the Bayou|publisher=Internet Movie Data Base|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Clementine Barnabet]], serial killer and mass murderer
*[[Calvin Borel]], jockey, three-time [[Kentucky Derby]] winner.
*[[Jefferson J. DeBlanc]], [[World War II]] ace fighter pilot and [[Medal of Honor]] recipient. Resided in St. Martinville and is buried in the town's Catholic cemetery.
*[[Early Doucet]], wide receiver for the [[Louisiana State University|LSU]] Fighting Tigers (2004–2008) and the [[Arizona Cardinals]] (2008–2012).
*[[Willie Francis]], survived the electric chair at age 17.
*[[Beverly Guirard]], microbiologist, expert on vitamin B<sub>6</sub>
*[[Paul Hardy (politician)|Paul Jude Hardy]], first [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] to be elected [[Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana]] (1988–1992).
*[[Jay Hebert]], professional golfer, [[1960 PGA Championship]] winner.
*[[Jeff Landry]], Republican congressman for the [[Louisiana's 3rd congressional district|Third Congressional District]] (2011–2013), [[Attorney General of Louisiana]] (2016–2024), current [[Governor of Louisiana]]
*[[Darrel Mitchell]], professional basketball player.
*[[Fred Mills (Louisiana politician)|Fred H. Mills, Jr.]], Republican state representative for St. Martin Parish.
*[[James C. Thibodeaux]] (1911—2004), African-American photographer painter, stage actor, and educator; born in St. Martinville.<ref name="TSHA">{{Cite web |last=Duncan |first=Robert J. |date=February 21, 2013 |title=Thibodeaux, James C. (1911–2004) |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/thibodeaux-james-c |website=[[Texas State Historical Association]] (TSHA)}}</ref>
*[[David Turpeau]], minister and state legislator in Ohio
*[[Nathan Williams (Zydeco)|Nathan Williams]], [[zydeco]] accordionist and singer.

==Sister cities==
*[[Ploermel]], [[Brittany]], [[France]]
*[[Bouctouche]], [[New Brunswick]], [[Canada]]
*[[Chaudfontaine]], [[Wallonia]], [[Belgium]]
*[[Goree Island]], [[Senegal]], [[West Africa]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.stmartinville.org City of St. Martinville]
* [http://members.aol.com/StMartinTour/index.html "On The Road To St. Martinville, Louisiana,"] an on-line photo journal of historic St. Martinville, Louisiana.

{{St. Martin Parish, Louisiana}}
{{Louisiana parish seats}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Martinville, Louisiana}}
[[Category:St. Martinville, Louisiana|*]]
[[Category:Cities in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Cities in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Cities in Acadiana]]
[[Category:Louisiana (New France)]]
[[Category:Parish seats in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Cities in Lafayette, Louisiana metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1765]]