Editing Spijkenisse

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name                    = Spijkenisse
| settlement_type         = [[Town]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Winkelcentrum het nieuwe plein in Spijkenisse.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Town centre of Spijkenisse
| image_flag              = Flag of Spijkenisse.svg
| flag_size               = 100x67px
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of Spijkenisse.svg
| shield_size             = 100x80px
| shield_alt              = 
<!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map               = Map - NL - Municipality code 0612 (2009).svg
| map_alt                 = Highlighted position of Spijkenisse in a municipal map of South Holland
| map_caption             = Location in South Holland
| coordinates             = {{coord|51|51|N|4|20|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[South Holland]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Nissewaard]]
<!-- Geographic information -->
| unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2          = {{Dutch municipality total area|Spijkenisse}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Dutch municipality land area|Spijkenisse}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Dutch municipality water area|Spijkenisse}}
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web 
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 3201EL
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> 
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 24 August 2013}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = &minus;1
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m         =
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m         =
<!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 72,500
| population_as_of        = 
| population_density_km2  = 
| population_demonym      = Spijkenissenaar
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code             = 3200–3209
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code               = 0181
| website                 = {{URL|1=http://www.nissewaard.nl}}
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Spijkenisse''' ({{IPA|nl|spɛikəˈnɪsə|-|Nl-Spijkenisse.ogg}}) is a large town in the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[South Holland]], [[Netherlands]]. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] of [[Nissewaard]], and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of {{convert|{{Dutch municipality total area|Spijkenisse}}|km2|abbr=on}} of which {{convert|{{Dutch municipality water area|Spijkenisse}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water. It is part of the [[Rijnmond|Greater Rotterdam area]].

==History==
[[Image:Spijkenisse-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|left|thumb|Topographic map of Spijkenisse, as 2014]]
Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Spijkenisse has been inhabited for several thousand years. The area's prehistoric inhabitants depended on fishing in the Maas and hunting in the surrounding swamps for sustenance.

The oldest known reference to the name ''Spickenisse'' is in a source from 1231. Spijkenisse is a [[portmanteau]] of the words ''{{lang|nl|spieke}}'' ([[Spit (landform)|spit]]) and ''nesse'' ([[nose]]) meaning "pointy nose." The name is a reference to the settlement's location on a spit of land protruding into the river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spijkenisse.nl/live/content_item.jsp?selected=1074 |title=Gemeente Spijkenisse |publisher=Spijkenisse.nl |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref>

Spijkenisse formed as a farming and fishing village on a creek along the [[Oude Maas]]. It originally belonged to the Lord of [[Voorne-Putten|Putten]] (whose coat of arms is now used by the town) but in 1459 the fiefdom of Putten, including Spijkenisse, was transferred to [[Philip the Good|Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]]. In 1581, after the [[Dutch declaration of independence]], the area came under the control of the [[States of Holland and West Friesland]].<ref>[http://home.zonnet.nl/irmarc/sol/spijkgs.htm Spijkenisse Online - geschiedenis] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607220905/http://home.zonnet.nl/irmarc/sol/spijkgs.htm |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref>

In the 16th century, the village suffered several floods, and endured destructive fires in the following two centuries which hampered its economic growth. In the 20th century Spijkenisse heavily urbanised as part of the Greater Rotterdam area. Contemporary Spijkenisse includes the communities of [[Hekelingen]], Den Hoek, and Beerenplaat.

==Transport==
Spijkenisse has a connection to the city of [[Rotterdam]] by [[Rotterdam Metro]] lines C and D, through [[Spijkenisse Centrum (Rotterdam Metro)|Spijkenisse Centrum]], [[Heemraadlaan (Rotterdam Metro)|Heemraadlaan]] and [[De Akkers (Rotterdam Metro)|De Akkers]] stations. The metro is operated by [[Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram|RET]].

On 2 November 2020, at about 00:30, a train ran through buffers at the end of the line and was saved from plunging 10 metres by the "Whale tails" sculpture.

There are also several bus services operated by [[Egged (company)|EBS]] and 1 line of [[Connexxion]] to Ouddorp.

In 2011, the town built [[Eurobridges Spijkenisse|seven bridges]] designed by Robin Stam, replicating [[Robert Kalina]]'s fictional designs on the [[euro]] banknotes.<ref>Kristen Allen, "[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/euro-bridges-an-uncommon-monument-to-the-common-currency-a-795930.html Euro Bridges: An Uncommon Monument to the Common Currency]", ''[[Spiegel Online]]'', 4 November 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2014.</ref><ref>Benjamin Starr, "[https://archive.today/20150408214706/http://www.visualnews.com/2014/12/bridges-euro-banknotes-fictional-dutch-designer-built-anyway/ Bridges on Euro Banknotes Were Fictional, But This Dutch Designer Built Them Anyway]", ''Visual News'', 17 December 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.coinworld.com/news/paper-money/2017/07/euro-note-fantasy-bridges-are-real-in-one-country.html Those fantasy bridges on euro notes? They're real, now, and all in one place] [[Coin World]] (www.coinworld.com). July 24, 2017. Retrieved on 2017-07-25.</ref><ref>[https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/euro-banknote-bridges Euro Banknote Bridges] [[Atlas Obscura]] (www.atlasobscura.com). Retrieved on 2018-06-25.</ref>
<gallery widths="150" heights="100">
5316 op Spijkenisse Centrum, Spijkenisse.png|Spijkenisse Centrum
Gestrande metro Spijkenisse Walvisstaart 3-11-2020.png|Accident on November 2, 2020
StadsbusConnexxion1045.jpg|Bus service
20 Euro Bruecke.jpg|Eurobridge 20 euro
</gallery>

==Districts==
{{columns-list|colwidth=12em|
* De Akkers 
* Centrum
* De Elementen
* De Hoek
* Gildenwijk 
* Groenewoud
* Hoogwerf 
* Maaswijk 
* Schenkel 
* Schiekamp 
* Sterrenkwartier
* Vierambachten 
* Vogelenzang 
* Vriesland
* Waterland
}}

==Health==
* Spijkenisse Medisch Centrum ''(former Ruwaard van Putten hospital)''

==Schools==

===Primary schools===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Roman Catholic]]
! [[Protestant]]
! [[State school|Public]]
! [[Calvinist]]
|-
| De Akkers
| Het Anker
| Annie MG Schmidt
| De Morgenster
|-
| De Klinker
| Het Baken
| De Vuurvogel
|
|-
| De Maasoever
| De Bron
|
|
|-
| Monseigneur Bekkersschool
| De Duif
| De Vogelenzang
|
|-
| De Wegwijzer
| De Hoeksteen
| De Krullevaar
|
|-
| Paus Johannes
| De Marimba
| De Meander(tot 2012)
|
|-
|
| De Rank
| De Montessori
| 
|-
|
| De Schakel
| Jan Campert
|
|-
|
|
| De Piramide
|
|-
|
|
| De Toermalijn
|
|-
|
| 
| De Veenvlinder
| 
|}

===Secondary school===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Roman Catholic]]
! Christian
! [[State school|Public]]
|-
| MAVO Charles de Foucauld
| PENTA college CSG Scala Molenwatering
| OSG My College
|-
|
| PENTA College CSG Scala Rietvelden
| OSG De Ring van Putten
|-
|
| PENTA college CSG De Oude Maas
|
|}

== Notable residents ==
[[File:Emiel Mellaard.jpg|140px|thumb|Emiel Mellaard, 1987]]
* [[Jan Campert]]  (1902 in Spijkenisse –  1943) a journalist, theater critic and writer 
* [[Marleen de Pater-van der Meer]] (1950 in Hekelingen – 2015) a Dutch politician
* [[Jan Bechtum]] (born 1958 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch guitarist and composer
* Erik de Jong (born 1961 in Spijkenisse) known as [[Spinvis]], a Dutch one-man music project
* Rolf Habben Jansen (born in 1966 in Spijkenisse), current CEO of [[Hapag-Lloyd AG]]
* [[Medy van der Laan]] (born 1968 in Spijkenisse) a retired Dutch politician
* Björn Franken (born 1983 in Spijkenisse) known as [[Vato Gonzalez]], DJ and producer
* Nick van de Wall (born 1987 in Spijkenisse) known as [[Afrojack]], DJ and producer
* [[Duncan Laurence]] (born 1994 in Spijkenisse) singer, winner of the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2019]]
* [[Fabiënne Nicole Groeneveld]] (born 1999 in Spijkenisse) businesswoman, model, winner of [[Miss Universe 2023|Miss Universe Indonesia 2023]]

;Sport
* [[Bram Groeneweg]] (1905 in Spijkenisse – 1988) a Dutch long-distance runner, competed in the marathon at the [[1928 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Emiel Mellaard]] (born 1966 in Spijkenisse) is a retired Dutch long jump record holder
* [[Joeri de Groot]] (born 1977 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch rower, competed at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Patrick van Luijk]] (born 1984 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch sprinter
* [[Martijn Barto]] (born 1984 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch professional footballer with over 200 club caps
* [[Djenairo Daniels]]

==International relations==
Spijkenisse is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Hürth]] ([[Germany]]) since 1966
||
* {{flagicon|GB}} [[Thetford]] ([[United Kingdom]]) since 1962
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
Image:sp kerk.jpg|The medieval village church is the oldest building in Spijkenisse.
File:Spijkenisse molen Nooitgedacht.jpg|{{Interlanguage link multi|Windmill "Nooitgedacht"|nl|3=Nooitgedacht (Spijkenisse)}} in Spijkenisse.
File:Spijkenisse kunstwerk mannetjes op de krom.jpg|''Mannetjes op de krom'' by {{Interlanguage link multi|Bert Kiewiet|nl}}
File:De boekenberg grote bibliotheek in Spijkenisse.jpg|The library "Bookmountain"
File:De Rokade.jpg|The ''Rokade''
File:Ijs in de haven van Spijkenisse.jpg|Ice in the harbour of Spijkenisse
File:Schenkel Maasboulevard DSCF2317.JPG|The Maasboulevard
File:Spijkenisse kunstwerk droomboot.jpg|Sculpture "droomboot" (dream boat)
File:IIIa3 Haven Spijkenisse - uitstroom poldergemaal.jpg|Outfall sluice
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Spijkenisse}}
*{{Official website|http://www.spijkenisse.nl }}

<!--Please note that not all directions need to be filled-->
<!--Please note that preferably only neighboring municipalities or bodies of water should be used-->
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Spijkenisse
|North     = [[Rotterdam]]<br>''[[Oude Maas]]''
|Northeast = ''[[Oude Maas]]'' / [[Albrandswaard]]
|East      = ''[[Spui (river)|Spui]]'' / [[Oud-Beijerland]]
|Southeast = 
|South     = ''[[Spui (river)|Spui]]''<br>[[Korendijk]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Bernisse]]
|Northwest = 
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2015]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of South Holland]]
[[Category:Populated places in South Holland]]
[[Category:Nissewaard]]