Editing Southwold

{{Short description|Coastal town in Suffolk, England}}
{{about|the town in England|the town in Canada|Southwold, Ontario}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
| static_image_name = Southwold North Parade.jpg
| static_image_caption = The lighthouse from the North Parade
| country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|52.327|1.680|display=inline,title}}
| official_name = Southwold
| population = 950
| population_ref = (2021 Census)<ref name=2021census>{{NOMIS2021 |id=1170218950 |title=Southwold Parish |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = {{convert|267.55|ha|km2|2|disp=number}}
| civil_parish = Southwold
| shire_district = [[East Suffolk (district)|East Suffolk]]
| region = East of England
| shire_county = [[Suffolk]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Suffolk Coastal (UK Parliament constituency)|Suffolk Coastal]]
| post_town = SOUTHWOLD
| postcode_district = IP18
| postcode_area = IP
| dial_code = 01502
| os_grid_reference = TM510763
}}
'''Southwold''' is a seaside town and [[civil parish]] on the [[North Sea]], in the [[East Suffolk District|East Suffolk]] district, in the county of [[Suffolk]], England. It lies at the mouth of the [[River Blyth, Suffolk|River Blyth]] in the [[Suffolk Coast and Heaths]] Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, {{convert|11|mi|km|0}} south of [[Lowestoft]], {{convert|29|mi|km|0}} north-east of [[Ipswich]] and {{convert|97|mi|km}} north-east of London, within the parliamentary constituency of [[Suffolk Coastal (UK Parliament constituency)|Suffolk Coastal]]. At the 2021 Census, the population was 950.

==History==
[[File:Crews rush to their 3.7-inch guns, 127th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Southwold, Suffolk, 9 October 1944. H40434.jpg|thumb|Crews rush to their 3.7-inch guns, 127th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, 9 October 1944]]
Southwold was mentioned in ''[[Domesday Book]]'' (1086) as a fishing port, and after the "capricious River Blyth withdrew from [[Dunwich]] in 1328, bringing trade to Southwold in the 15th century",<ref>[[Norman Scarfe]], ''Suffolk in the Middle Ages: Studies in Places and Place-Names'', 2004:161</ref> it received its town charter from [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] in 1489. The grant of the charter is marked by the annual [[Charter fair|Trinity Fair]], when it is read out by the Town Clerk. Over following centuries, however, a [[Shingle beach|shingle]] bar built up across the harbour mouth, preventing the town from becoming a major Early Modern port: "The shingle at Southwold Harbour, the mouth of the Blyth, is ever shifting," William Whittaker observed in 1887.<ref>W. Whitaker, ''The Geology of Southwold, and of the Suffolk coast from Dunwich to Covehithe: (Explanation of sheet 49 N.)'' 1887: "Coast deposits" pp. 45ff; coastal spits and bars are discussed in J. Steers, "The East Anglian Coast", ''The Geographical Journal'' '''69'''.1 January 1927.</ref>

Southwold was the home of a number of [[Puritan]] emigrants to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in the 1630s, notably a party of 18 assembled under Rev. Young, which travelled in the ''Mary Ann'' in 1637.<ref>Roger Thompson, ''Mobility and Migration: East Anglian Founders of New England, 1629–1640'' 2009:188, ''et passim''.</ref> Richard Ibrook, born in Southwold and a former bailiff of the town, emigrated to [[Hingham, Massachusetts]], along with Rev. Peter Hobart, son of Edmund Hobart of [[Hingham, Norfolk]]. Rev. Hobart had been an assistant vicar of St Edmund's Church, Southwold, after graduating from [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Suffolk County |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfkPAAAAYAAJ&q=ibrooke+hingham&pg=RA3-PA300 |title=Mr. Richard Ibrooke, Suffolk Deeds, William Blake Trask, Frank Eliot Bradish, Charles A. Drew, A. Grace, Rockwell and Churchill Press, Boston, 1908 |access-date=23 February 2013 |location=Boston |publisher=Rockwell and Churchill Press |year=1903 |page=80 }}</ref> Hobart married in America Rebecca Ibrook, daughter of his fellow Puritan Richard Ibrook. The migrants to Hingham were led by Robert Peck, vicar of St Andrew's Church in Hingham and a native of [[Beccles]].<ref>{{acad |id=PK598R2 |name=Peck, Robert}}</ref>

A fire in 1659 devastated most of the town, creating spaces that were never built on again. Today this "series of varied and very delightful [[village green]]s"<ref>Scarfe 2004:125.</ref> and the restriction of expansion by the surrounding [[marsh]]es, have preserved the town's tidy appearance.

On the green just above the beach, descriptively named Gun Hill, six 18-pounder [[cannon]] commemorate the [[Battle of Sole Bay]], fought in 1672 between English and French fleets on one side and the Dutch (under [[Michiel de Ruyter]]) on the other. The battle was bloody but indecisive and many bodies were washed ashore. Southwold Museum has a collection of mementos of the event. These cannon were captured from the [[Scotland|Scots]] at [[Battle of Culloden|Culloden]] and given to the town by the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]], who had landed at Southwold in October 1745 having been recalled from Europe to deal with the Jacobite threat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptPvFrIOW4UC&dq=southwold+old+town+hall&pg=PA258|title=Southwold|publisher=Pall Mall Magazine|page=258|year=1893|access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref> In World War II they were prudently removed, reputedly buried for safety, and returned to their former position after hostilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Southwold At War - World War Two |url=http://southwoldmuseum.org/war_worldwar2.htm |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Southwold Museum}}</ref>

On 15 May 1943, low-flying German fighter-bombers attacked the town and killed eleven people,<ref>Detailed account: [https://www.southwoldmuseum.org/War%20popups/Bomb%20story.pdf Retrieved 8 October 2018.]</ref> including the cricketer [[George Katinakis]].

==Governance==
[[File:Southwold Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 461899.jpg|thumb|[[Southwold Town Hall]]]]
Up to 1 April 2019, Southwold was part of the Southwold and Reydon [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] in the [[Waveney District Council]] area. The ward population at the 2011 census was 3,680; the resident population of the neighbouring village of [[Reydon]] was more than double that of the town of Southwold.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/southwold-and-reydon-e05007245#sthash.uWXf5iho.dpbs |title=Southwold and Reydon ward population 2011 |access-date=20 September 2015}}</ref> Although the town lost its independent [[municipal boroughs|Municipal Borough]] status in the [[Local Government Act 1972|Local Government reforms of 1974]] and consequent incorporation in Waveney District, it continues to have an elected, [[non-partisan democracy|non-partisan]] [[Town Council]] and Mayor, based at [[Southwold Town Hall]].<ref>{{Cite web |website=Southwold Town Council |date=27 May 2021 |title=Southwold Town Council - Councillors |url=https://southwoldtown.com/southwold-town-council/}}</ref>

With the 1 April 2019 amalgamation of the [[Waveney District Council|Waveney]] and [[Suffolk Coastal]] districts into a new [[East Suffolk (district)|East Suffolk]] district, Southwold became an expanded ward with Reydon and [[Walberswick]], represented by a single councillor. Previously, the Southwold and Reydon ward, under Waveney District, elected two councillors. At the 2021 Census, the ward population overall had increased, by the inclusion of Walberswick (346 souls), to 3,843; of which Southwold was 950 and Reydon 2547.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Census data for Southwold Ward (Geographic Code: E05012758) |url=https://censusdata.uk/e05012758-southwold |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=Censusdata UK}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[Image:Southwold usine.jpg|thumb|Adnams Brewery]]
Once home to several industries, Southwold's economy is now centred on services: hotels, holiday lets, catering and tourism. With surrounding areas largely given to agriculture, the town is an important commercial centre, with independent shops, cafés and restaurants and a market on Mondays and Thursdays, although there has been a recent trend for retail chains in food and beverages, clothing and stationery to take over the independent units.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2012 |url=http://www.lowestoftjournal.co.uk/news/organisation_warns_southwold_s_unique_character_could_be_lost_1_1361359 |title=Organisation warns Southwold's unique character could be lost |publisher=Lowestoft Journal |access-date=26 May 2012 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023230033/http://www.lowestoftjournal.co.uk/news/organisation_warns_southwold_s_unique_character_could_be_lost_1_1361359 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Adnams]] Brewery remains in Southwold as its largest single employer. The fishing fleet is much diminished, but Southwold Harbour remains one of the main fishing ports on the Suffolk coastline. In 2012, additional fleet facilities were constructed there as part of the repair and reinstatement of the Harbour's North Wall.

==Education==
===Primary===
Southwold Primary School, adjacent to St. Edmund's Church, currently caters for children aged 2 to 11 years. As a member of the Yoxford Valley Partnership of Schools, it works in partnership with Yoxford and Peasenhall Primary School in [[Yoxford]] and [[Middleton, Suffolk|Middleton Primary School]], near [[Dunwich, Suffolk|Dunwich]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yoxvalleypartnership.org.uk|title=Yoxford Valley Partnership of Schools |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref>

===Secondary===
The nearest secondary school for Southwold children was Reydon High School until it closed in 1990. Thereafter, most pupils were bussed to the [[Sir John Leman High School]] in [[Beccles]] or to [[Bungay High School]]. These schools have been joined by [[SET Beccles School]], opened in 2012 and catering for pupils aged 11–16.

In line with a 2019 decision by [[Suffolk County Council]] on changes to free school transport, the default 11–16 secondary school for Southwold and Reydon students is [[Pakefield High School]] at [[Lowestoft]].

Private education for pupils aged 2–18 is offered at [[Saint Felix School]], a [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|private school]] in nearby Reydon.

==Landmarks and features==
===Railway===
[[File:Southwold Lighthouse.jpg|thumb|The lighthouse]]
{{ main|Southwold Railway}}
The narrow-gauge [[Southwold Railway]] connecting the town to [[Halesworth]] ran from 24 September 1879 to 11 April 1929.<ref name="mitchell">{{Cite book |title=Branch Line to Southwold |last1=Mitchell |first1=V. |last2=Smith |first2=K. |year=1984 |publisher=Middleton Press |isbn=0-906520-15-0}}</ref>

In 2007 the Southwold Railway Society submitted plans to build a new line between the parish of [[Easton Bavents]] and Henham Park, to link the town to the nearest mainline service at [[Halesworth railway station|Halesworth]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southwoldrailway.co.uk/project/index.php |title=The Project to Re-instate the Southwold Railway |publisher=Southwoldrailway.co.uk |date=5 July 2007 |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303115727/http://www.southwoldrailway.co.uk/project/index.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, these plans were criticised for having no relation to the original route of the railway and for environmental and other reasons. In July 2007 the plans were rejected by [[Waveney District|Waveney]] and by [[Suffolk Coastal]] District Councils.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2007 |url=http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/news/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=News&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=News&itemid=IPED05%20Jul%202007%2000%3A18%3A11%3A157 |title=Southwold railway – last hopes dashed |publisher=EADT online |access-date=20 July 2006}}</ref> In December 2008 the Society introduced a new proposal for a Railway Park, including railway track and a museum, on a site at present occupied by a car-breaker's yard, next to the local sewage works.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2008 |url=http://www.advertiser24.co.uk/content/advertiser24/news/story.aspx?brand=WAVOnline&category=News&tBrand=WAVOnline&tCategory=news&itemid=NOED18%20Dec%202008%2009%3A02%3A05%3A483 |title=Tentative Approval for Southwold Railway |publisher=Norwich Advertiser |access-date=2 January 2009 |archive-date=23 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223193538/http://www.advertiser24.co.uk/content/advertiser24/news/story.aspx?brand=WAVOnline&category=News&tBrand=WAVOnline&tCategory=news&itemid=NOED18%20Dec%202008%2009%3A02%3A05%3A483 |url-status=dead}}</ref> That proposal was superseded by another, in which a short section of railway, together with other attractions and facilities, would be constructed in the village of [[Wenhaston]], a few miles inland from Southwold and once a stop on the Southwold Railway. The plan did not meet with universal approval.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2012 |url=http://www.lowestoftjournal.co.uk/news/wenhaston_villagers_hope_to_derail_southwold_railway_trust_plan_1_1388986 |title=Wenhaston villagers hope to derail Southwold Railway Trust plans |publisher=Lowestoft Journal |access-date=26 May 2012 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430053140/http://www.lowestoftjournal.co.uk/news/wenhaston_villagers_hope_to_derail_southwold_railway_trust_plan_1_1388986 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2016, the original Railway Park proposal for Blyth Road, Southwold, on the site of the town's former gasholders, was revived, and a new planning application was submitted and approved. Construction of the Railway Park began in 2017.

===Lighthouse===
{{ main|Southwold lighthouse}}
[[Southwold lighthouse]] was commissioned in 1890 and automated and electrified in 1938.<ref name="thsouthwold">[http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/southwold.html Southwold] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008023411/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/lighthouse_list/southwold.html |date=8 October 2012}}, ''Trinity House''. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> It stands as a prominent landmark in the centre of the town and is a Grade II [[listed building]].<ref name="britlistlight">[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-484878-the-lighthouse-southwold-suffolk The Lighthouse, Southwold], ''British Listed Building''. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> It is {{convert|31|m|ft}} metres tall, standing {{convert|37|m|ft}} metres above sea level. It is built of brick and painted white and has 113 steps around a spiral staircase.<ref name="thleaflet">[http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/vc_generic_leaflet.pdf See inside a lighthouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604151503/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses/vc_generic_leaflet.pdf |date=4 June 2012}}, ''Trinity House''. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref>

The lighthouse replaced three local lighthouses that were under serious threat from [[coastal erosion]]. It suffered a fire in its original oil fired lamp just six days after commissioning but survived and today operates a rotating 150-watt lamp with a range of {{convert|24|nmi|km mi}}.<ref name="thsouthwold"/><ref name=pelangi>[http://www.pelangi.co.uk/appnotes/32064-Southwold%20PRL400.pdf Application note 32064 – Southwold Conversion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215857/http://www.pelangi.co.uk/appnotes/32064-Southwold%20PRL400.pdf |date=21 February 2014}}, Pelangi. Retrieved 4 January 2013.</ref><ref name="bbcsouthwold">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/suffolk/content/articles/2005/07/04/coast05walks_peter_austin_feature.shtml Discovering Southwold], ''BBC Suffolk''. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref><ref name="museumlight">[http://www.southwoldmuseum.org/thesea_lighthouse.htm The sea – Southwold's lighthouse], ''Southwold museum''. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> From 2023, Trinity House has arranged that tours of the lighthouse are offered by the Adnams brewery, which stands close by, and may be booked with that company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southwold Lighthouse visitor centre {{!}} Trinity House |url=https://trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouse-visitor-centres/southwold-lighthouse-visitors-centre |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=Southwold Lighthouse visitor centre {{!}} Trinity House}}</ref>

===Brewery===
{{main|Adnams}}
[[Adnams|Adnams brewery]] was established in the town by George and Ernest Adnams in 1872 with the purchase of the Sole Bay Brewery, which had been founded in 1818.<ref name=bbc12nov10>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-11741473 Suffolk brewer Adnams starts distillery], BBC news website, 12 November 2010. Retrieved 2013-01-02.</ref><ref name=adnamsbbc>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/suffolk/content/articles/2005/07/03/coast05walks_stage7.shtml Point 7 – The Brewery], BBC Suffolk. Retrieved 2 January 2013.</ref><ref name=adnamshistory>[http://adnams.co.uk/about/some-history/ Our history], Adnams. Retrieved 2 January 2013.</ref> In 1890 the brewery was re-built on its current site in the centre of the town. The brewery is the town's largest employer<ref name=adnamsbbc/> and has been modernised and expanded in recent years, with development of an energy efficient brewery, a distribution centre in the nearby village of Reydon, and a distillery.<ref name=bbc12nov10/><ref name=adnamsbbc /><ref name=adnamshistory/> In 2011 it received the [[Good Pub Guide]] Brewery of the Year Award.<ref name=edp7oct10>[http://www.edp24.co.uk/business/adnams_claims_national_title_1_674856 Adnams claims national title] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501094154/http://www.edp24.co.uk/business/adnams_claims_national_title_1_674856 |date=1 May 2015 }}, ''Eastern Daily Press'', 7 October 2010. Retrieved 2013-01-02.</ref>

===Pier===
[[File:SouthwoldPier.JPG|thumb|right|Southwold Pier in the summer sunshine]]
{{main|Southwold Pier}}
[[Southwold Pier]] was built in 1900. At {{convert|247|m|ft}} it was long enough to accommodate the Belle steamers that carried trippers along the coast at that time. In World War II, it was weakened by two breaches, and in 1955 a large section was destroyed by a gale. The pier was entirely rebuilt and restored in 2001 and is now about {{convert|190|m|ft}} long. While many English seaside piers are in decline, Southwold Pier is enjoying renewed popularity, helped by a collection of modern coin-operated novelty machines made by [[Tim Hunkin]] and the occasional berth of paddle steamers such as [[PS Waverley]] and the [[MV Balmoral (1949)|MV Balmoral]].

A model boat pond adjacent to the pier is used for the Southwold Model Yacht regattas that have been held since the late Victorian period.<ref name="modelyachts">[http://southwoldmodelyachtregattas.co.uk/handbook/index.php The SMYR Handbook], ''Southwold Model Yacht Regattas''. Retrieved 30 October 2012.</ref> Some of the boats entered are up to 80 years old and include replicas of [[yawl|beach yawls]]. Regattas are usually held in the spring and summer with the largest, the annual regatta, held at the end of the summer season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.southwoldmodelyachtregattas.co.uk/ |title=Southwold Model Yacht Regattas – Racing model yachts since 1894 |website=www.southwoldmodelyachtregattas.co.uk |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-02-04}}</ref>

===Water towers===
The Old Water Tower, in the middle of Southwold Common, was built in 1890. The tank held 40,000 gallons of water and was powered by huge sails. On St Valentine's Day 1899, George Neller, a respected local man, died when his coat got caught in its machinery. In 1937 a new 150,000 gallon capacity [[Art Deco]] water tower was built next door. The then Southwold Borough Council bought the Old Water Tower before it came into the hands of successive water companies. It was returned to the Town Council for a nominal fee of £100 in 1987. The Old Water Tower has since been used as the Lifeboat Museum and was later used by [[Adnams]] for a number of years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sosouthwold.co.uk/about-us/our-office |title=The So Southwold Office at the Old Water Tower |website=www.sosouthwold.co.uk |access-date=2016-09-28}}</ref>

===Electric Picture Palace===
The Electric Picture Palace cinema was opened in 2002, as a [[pastiche]] of the original 1912 cinema that stood nearby in York Road.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southwoldcinema.co.uk/about-us/ |title=About Us - The Electric Picture Palace, Southwold |language=en-US |access-date=2016-09-28}}</ref>

===Museum===
Southwold Museum holds a number of exhibits focused on the local and natural history of the town. The museum is owned and managed by the Southwold Museum & Historical Society. It is part of the Maritime Heritage East programme which unites more than 30 maritime museums on the East Coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Maritime Heritage East |url=http://www.maritimeheritageeast.org.uk/ |website=www.maritimeheritageeast.org.uk}}</ref>

===Sailors' Reading Room===
[[File:Southwold Sailours' Reading Room Interior.jpg|thumb|Southwold Sailors' Reading Room interior]]
The [[Southwold Sailors' Reading Room]] is a Grade II listed building on the seafront at Southwold. It was built in 1864 as a place for fishermen and mariners to read, as an alternative to drinking in pubs, and also to encourage the pursuit of Christian ideals. The room has a number of historic displays of model boats and other maritime objects in glass cabinets.<ref>[http://www.southwoldsailorsreadingroom.co.uk/index.php Official Website of the Southwold Sailors' Reading Room] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928121149/http://www.southwoldsailorsreadingroom.co.uk/index.php |date=28 September 2018}} Retrieved 16 July 2018</ref>

===Golf club===
Southwold Golf Club was founded on 4 January 1884 as a Golf and Quoit Club. At the time there were only three other golf clubs in East Anglia – Cambridge University, Yarmouth and Felixstowe. The first game on the nine-hole course was played on 28 August 1884. Originally membership was not accepted from shopkeepers or manual workers, but in 1925 Mr J. B. Denny successfully persuaded the committee to form an Artisans' Section, which was originally restricted to 30 members.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

==St Edmund's Church==
{{Main|St Edmund's Church, Southwold}}
The Grade I listed parish church of Southwold is dedicated to [[Edmund the Martyr|St Edmund]] and considered one of Suffolk's finest.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/abjenkins.htm |title=Simon Jenkin's top Suffolk churches |publisher=Suffolkchurches.co.uk |access-date=2013-02-23}}</ref> It lies under one continuous roof, and was built over about 60 years from the 1430s to the 1490s; replacing a smaller, 13th-century church that was destroyed by fire. The earlier church dated from the time when Southwold was a small fishing hamlet adjacent to the larger [[Reydon]]. By the 15th century Southwold was an important town in its own right, and the church was rebuilt to reflect that power and wealth.

==Harbour==
Southwold [[Harbour]] lies south of the town on the [[River Blyth, Suffolk|River Blyth]]. Vehicle access is via York Road and Carnsey Road to the west and Ferry Road to the east. The harbour extends nearly a mile upstream from the river mouth and is mainly used by fishing boats, yachts and small [[pleasure boat]]s. The clubhouse of Southwold Sailing Club is on the north side of the harbour adjacent to ''The Harbour Inn''. The quay and area in front of the inn and clubhouse is called Blackshore; although the name has often been used incorrectly for the whole harbour in recent years.

[[File:Southwold Lifeboat Station, Suffolk - geograph.org.uk - 44582.jpg|thumb|Southwold Lifeboat Station]]
At the seaward end of the harbour is [[Southwold Lifeboat Station]], operated by the [[RNLI]]. The former [[Cromer]] lifeboat shed houses the Alfred Corry Museum, which features the Southwold lifeboat [[RNLB Alfred Corry (ON 353)|"Alfred Corry"]], which was in service from 1893 to 1918. An extensive and now-complete restoration to her original state has been carried out by volunteers over several years.

The river can be crossed on foot or bicycle by a public [[footbridge]] upstream from ''The Harbour Inn'', which leads to the village of [[Walberswick]]. This bridge is known as the [[Bailey bridge|Bailey Bridge]] and rests on the [[Pier (architecture)|piers]] and footings of the original iron Southwold Railway swing bridge. It had a central swinging section to allow the passage of [[Norfolk wherry|wherries]] and other shipping on the [[Blyth Navigation]], but this was largely removed at the start of World War II under the precautions against German invasion.

Towards the mouth of the Blyth, a rowed ferry service runs between the Walberswick and Southwold banks. It has been operated by the same family since the 1920s, when it was a [[chain ferry]] that could take cars. The chain ferry ceased working in 1941, but some vestiges remain at the Walberswick slipway.

==Beach==
[[File:Southwold Beach huts.jpg|right|thumb|Southwold Beach huts]]
The beach is a combination of [[sand]] and [[slate|shingle]]. In 2005/06 it was further protected by a [[coastal management]] scheme which includes [[beach nourishment]], new [[groyne]]s on the south side of the pier and [[riprap]] to the north.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://teamvanoord.com/downloads/Southwold%20Coast%20Protection.pdf |title=Southwold Coastal Protection Scheme}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Southwold beach level blow after scheme fails |date=November 2013 |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/business/southwold-beach-level-blow-after-scheme-fails-1-2957656 |publisher=Eastern Daily Press}}</ref>

It is overlooked by brightly painted [[beach hut]]s.

==Culture==
===Film and television===
The fictional Southwold Estate, seat of the equally fictional Earls of Southwold, is the [[country estate]] of the family of [[Lady Marjorie Bellamy]] in the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] British drama ''[[Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)|Upstairs, Downstairs]]''.

The town and its vicinity has been used as the setting for numerous films and television programmes, including ''[[Iris (2001 film)|Iris]]'' about the life of [[Iris Murdoch]] starring [[Judi Dench]], ''[[Drowning by Numbers]]'' by [[Peter Greenaway]], ''[[Kavanagh QC]]'' starring [[John Thaw]], ''East of Ipswich'' by [[Michael Palin]], ''[[Little Britain (sketch show)|Little Britain]]'' with [[Matt Lucas]] and [[David Walliams]], and a 1969 version of ''[[David Copperfield (1969 film)|David Copperfield]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oldcity.org.uk/norwich/film/copperfield1.php |title=David Copperfield |publisher=Old City |date=8 November 2004 |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014064352/http://www.oldcity.org.uk/norwich/film/copperfield1.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[BBC]] children's series ''[[Grandpa in My Pocket]]'' was filmed in Southwold, Walberswick and [[Aldeburgh]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/2009/wk6/feature_grandpa.shtml BBC press release] Retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Only exteriors of buildings were filmed, e.g. the Lighthouse – no acting was done there. An ITV1 drama, ''[[A Mother's Son]]'', first broadcast in September 2012, was filmed on location in Southwold.

===Novels===
[[Julie Myerson]] set her 2003 murder novel ''Something Might Happen'' in an unnamed Southwold – "a sleepy, slightly self-satisfied seaside town". She said that setting a murder in the car park made her feel as if she were "soiling something really good". She holidayed in the town as a child and remarked in an interview that everything else in her life had changed, but her mother and Southwold had stayed the same. She still owns a second home there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/company/about-us.html/offthepage/guide.htm?command=Search&db=/catalog/main.txt&eqisbndata=0099453525 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514195049/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/offthepage/guide.htm?command=Search&db=%2Fcatalog%2Fmain.txt&eqisbndata=0099453525 |url-status=dead |title=About us |archivedate=14 May 2008 |website=www.penguin.co.uk}}</ref>

Other books set in Southwold include [[Esther Freud]]'s novel ''Sea House'' (2004), with Southwold as Steerborough.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/jul/06/fiction.features2 |title=Mysteries under an open Suffolk sky - once you've got your bearings |last=Kellaway |first=Kate |date=2003-07-05 |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2016-09-28}}</ref> Southwold native [[Stephen Southwold|Neil Bell]] in ''Bredon and Sons'' (1933) about boat-building people). ''Forgive us our Trespasses'' (1947), based on a true story of twin boys lost at sea, renames the town Senwich.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} ''[[The Bookshop]]'' by [[Penelope Fitzgerald]] (1978) drew on her experiences working in a Southwold bookshop in the 1950s.<ref>''The Independent'' 24 August 2008, review of her published correspondence: [https://web.archive.org/web/20141120160433/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/so-i-have-thought-of-you-the-letters-of-penelope-fitzgerald-ed-terence-dooley-904867.html Retrieved 31 May 2012.]</ref>

An earlier book thought to be set in Southwold is ''Beside the Guns'' (1902) by the Christian author Mary Elizabeth Shipley.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} The German writer [[W. G. Sebald]] describes Southwold in ''[[The Rings of Saturn]]'', an account of a walk through East Anglia. Two recent additions are ''A Southwold Mystery'' (2015) and ''Shot in Southwold'' (2017) by the Herefordshire author Suzette A. Hill, both murder mysteries set in the 1950s.

===George Orwell===
[[File:Home of author George Orwell, Southwold - geograph.org.uk - 61720.jpg|thumb|Orwell's home in Southwold]]
[[File:Southwold from pier.jpg|thumb|Southwold from the end of the pier]]
The writer [[George Orwell]] (real name Eric Blair) spent periods as a teenager and in his thirties in Southwold, living at his parents' home. A [[Commemorative plaque|plaque]] can be seen next door to what is now a [[fish and chip shop]] at the far end of the High Street.

After his departure from [[Eton College]] in December 1921, Orwell travelled to join his retired father, mother and younger sister Avril, who that month had moved to 40 Stradbroke Road, Southwold, the first of four homes in the town.<ref name=Binns>{{Cite book |last=Binns |first=Ronald |title=Orwell in Southwold |publisher=Zoilus Press |year=2018 |isbn=9781999735920}}</ref> In January–June 1922 he attended an [[cram school|educational crammer]] in Southwold to prepare for [[Indian Police Service]] exams and his career in [[Burma]]. In 1929, after 18 months in Paris, he returned to the family in Southwold and was based there for most of the next five years. He tutored a disabled child and a family of three boys and wrote reviews and developed ''[[Burmese Days]]''. He also spent nearly 18 months teaching in West London, until struck by a bout of pneumonia. His mother then insisted he stay at home instead of teaching. He spent the time writing ''[[A Clergyman's Daughter]]'', which is partly set in a fictionalised East Anglian town called "Knype Hill". His final visit to Southwold was in 1939.<ref name=Binns/>

===Cultural events===
The town has long hosted summer [[repertory theatre]] by various companies. For several years, Suffolk Summer Theatres have offered a varied programme of plays from July to September, staged in Southwold Arts Centre (formerly St Edmund's Hall). Every November the "Ways with Words" literature festival is held, with notable speakers appearing at various venues.

In 2014 came the inaugural Southwold Arts Festival, which was repeated in future years. It offers a mix of literature, music, film and art exhibitions, with the main events over an eight-day period in the summer, bringing entertainers of diverse backgrounds together.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southwoldartsfestival.co.uk/whats-on/ |title=2016 Festival – Southwold Arts Festival |website=southwoldartsfestival.co.uk |access-date=2016-09-28 |archive-date=1 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001190609/http://southwoldartsfestival.co.uk/whats-on/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2005, Southwold launched Suffolk's "answer to the Turner prize", the "Flying Egg" competition. This event also ran in 2006 and 2007, but not repeated in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/01/nart01.xml&DCMP=OTC-Autonolnk |title=Telegraph news 01/08/2005 |publisher=Telegraph.co.uk |access-date=23 February 2013}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC East]] and [[ITV Anglia]]. Television signals are received from the [[Tacolneston transmitting station|Tacolneston]] TV transmitter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Tacolneston|title= Full Freeview on the Tacolneston (Norfolk, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=1 November 2023}}</ref> and via a local relay transmitter in [[Aldeburgh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Aldeburgh|title=Freeview Light on the Aldeburgh (Suffolk, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=1 November 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Suffolk]], [[Heart East]], [[Greatest Hits Radio East|Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk]] and East Point Radio, a community-based station.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eastpointradio.com/|title= East Point Radio |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>

The town's local newspaper is the ''[[East Anglian Daily Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-eang/east-anglian-daily-times/|title=East Anglian Daily Times|date=23 June 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=1 November 2023}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:PD James Cologne.JPG|thumb|PD James 2013]]
In alphabetical order:
*[[William Alwyn]] (1905–1985), composer, lived in Southwold for his last 25 years, with his second wife, the composer [[Doreen Carwithen]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Alwyn Website :: Biography & Works |url=http://www.williamalwyn.co.uk/biography |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=www.williamalwyn.co.uk}}</ref>
*[[James Barker (Rhode Island official)|James Barker]] (1622–1702) was an early leader and deputy governor of the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.ri.gov/divisions/Civics-And-Education/RI-History |title=State list of lieutenant governors of Rhode Island Retrieved December 2017. |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-date=21 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521171700/http://sos.ri.gov/divisions/Civics-And-Education/RI-History |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
*[[Lewis Blake]] (born 1946), poet and artist 
*[[Jessie Forbes Cameron]] (1883–1968), a famed Scottish mathematician, died in Southwold.
*[[Colin Cook (speedway)|Colin Cook]] (born 1954), English motorcycle speedway rider 
*[[Mark Crowe (footballer)|Mark Crowe]] (born 1965), professional footballer with over 100 professional appearances<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flown From the Nest - Mark Crowe |url=http://www.ex-canaries.co.uk/players/crowe.htm |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=www.ex-canaries.co.uk}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Hyatt King]] (1911-1995), musicologist and bibliographer, founded the [[British Library Sound Archive|British Institute of Recorded Sound]]. 
*[[Michael Imison]] (born 1935), retired television director and literary agent<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0408202/ IMDb Database] retrieved December 2017.</ref> 
*[[P. D. James]] (1920–2014), crime writer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rsliterature.org/fellow/p-d-james-baroness-james-of-holland-park-obe-jp-3/ |title=Fellows Remembered, The Royal Society of Literature Retrieved December 2017. |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-date=24 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024210206/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/p-d-james-baroness-james-of-holland-park-obe-jp-3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Mother Maribel of Wantage]] (1887–1970), Anglican nun and artist<ref>Sister Janet, ''Mother Maribel of Wantage'', SPCK London (1973), p. 10.</ref>
*[[Margaret Mellis]] (1914–2009), a modernist artist of the [[St Ives School]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-24 |title=Margaret Mellis: Painter and maker of driftwood collages |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/margaret-mellis-painter-and-maker-of-driftwood-collages-1652626.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/margaret-mellis-painter-and-maker-of-driftwood-collages-1652626.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>
*[[John Miller (journalist and author)|John Miller]] (1932–2020), a journalist and writer whose work was based mainly in Russia, served as Mayor of Southwold in 2002.
*[[Geoffrey Munn]] (born 1953), television presenter for BBC's ''[[Antiques Roadshow]]'' lives near Southwold.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/ea-life/suffolk-through-my-viewfinder-1-638532 |title=Suffolk through my viewfinder |first=Steven |last=Russell |website=East Anglian Daily Times |date=11 September 2010 |access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref>
*[[George Orwell]] (1903–1950), writer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/uk-england-suffolk-44197314 |title= George Orwell's Southwold home gets fresh plaque |date=21 May 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>
*[[Martin Shaw (composer)|Martin Shaw]]  (1875–1958), theatre producer, composer and conductor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Shaw - an appreciation by Erik Routley MusicWeb-International |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/shaw/index.htm |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=www.musicweb-international.com}}</ref>
*[[Stephen Southwold]] (pseudonym, 1887–1964), schoolmaster and prolific writer
*[[Agnes Strickland]] (1796–1874), historical writer and poet<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Strickland,_Agnes_(DNB00)  Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 55, Strickland, Agnes Retrieved December 2017.]</ref>
*[[Felix Swinstead]] (1880-1959), pianist and composer, died in Southwold
*[[Henry Winslow Woollett]]  (1895–1969), World War I [[flying ace]]
*[[John Youngs (minister)|John Youngs]] (c. 1598–1672), a Puritan minister, founded [[Southold (town), New York|Southold, New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Church of St Edmund, King and Martyr |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/suffolk/content/articles/2005/07/05/coast05walks_david_weight_feature.shtml |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Latitude festival]]
*[[Southold (CDP), New York]] – village on Long Island, NY
*[[Southold, New York]] – named after Southwold, UK
*[[Southwold, Ontario]] – Canadian link

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External sources==
*Geoffrey Munn, ''Southwold: An Earthly Paradise'', Antique Collectors Club, (Woodbridge, 2006) {{ISBN|1851495185}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[http://www.southwoldmuseum.org/ Southwold Museum]

{{East Suffolk}}
{{Suffolk}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Southwold| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in England]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Suffolk]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Beaches of Suffolk]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Waveney District]]