Editing South Pittsburg, Tennessee

{{About||the town in Hardin County, Tennessee|Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = South Pittsburg, Tennessee
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline            = South-Pittsburg-City-Hall-tn1.jpg
| imagesize                = 250px
| image_caption            = South Pittsburg City Hall
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map                = File:Marion County Tennessee Incorporated and Unincorporated areas South Pittsburg Highlighted 4770060.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of South Pittsburg in Marion County, Tennessee.
| image_map1               = 
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_caption1             = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Tennessee]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Tennessee|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Marion County, Tennessee|Marion]]
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='47'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_km2           = 21.29
| area_land_km2            = 21.29
| area_water_km2           = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi         = 8.22
| area_land_sq_mi          = 8.22
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total         = 3106
| population_density_km2   = 145.89
| population_density_sq_mi = 377.86

<!-- General information -->| timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset               = -6
| timezone_DST             = CDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -5
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 633
| coordinates              = {{coord|35|0|30|N|85|42|38|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 37380
| area_code                = [[Area code 423|423]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 47-70060<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1314091<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1314091}}</ref>
| website                  = {{URL|http://southpittsburgtn.org/}}
| footnotes                = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
}}

'''South Pittsburg''' is a city in [[Marion County, Tennessee|Marion County]], [[Tennessee]], United States. It is part of the [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]], TN&ndash;[[Georgia (U.S. state)|GA]] [[Chattanooga metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. The population was 3,106 at the 2020 census. South Pittsburg is home to the [[National Cornbread Festival]].

==History==

What is now South Pittsburg remained a primarily agrarian area until the construction of a branch line of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad (later the [[Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway]]) into the Sequatchie Valley in the late 1860s.  Small-scale mining operations began during this period.  When a post office was opened in 1869, the community was called Battle Creek Mines.<ref name=lambert>Dennis Lambert, "[http://www.historicsouthpittsburgtn.org/SPHistory1.html The Birth of South Pittsburg, Tennessee]," South Pittsburg Historic Preservation Society website, c. 2004. Retrieved: August 18, 2015.</ref>

In the mid-1870s, several British investors formed the Southern States Coal, Iron and Land Company, in hopes of establishing a major industrial operation in the Sequatchie Valley.  The company dispatched James Bowron to investigate the area for potential town and manufacturing sites.  Bowron chose the [[Whitwell, Tennessee|Whitwell]] and Victoria areas in northwestern Marion County for the company's coal mining and [[coke (fuel)|coke]] production operations, and the Battle Creek Mines area as the company's iron production center and commercial hub.  The latter site was chosen primarily for its immediate access to both the railroad and the [[Tennessee River]].  On May 23, 1876, the name of the Battle Creek Mines post office was changed to "South Pittsburg" in hopes that the city would one day grow to become a great iron manufacturing center like [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=lambert />

The death of Bowron in 1877, along with several other key company officials within a short period of time, halted the Southern States operation.  In 1882, the company was purchased by the [[Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company]] (TCI), which resumed the development of the mining and iron production facilities.  In 1886, the townsite of South Pittsburg was purchased by Nashville banker William Duncan, who helped organize the South Pittsburg City Company in December of that year.  The town was platted by F.P. Clute, and incorporated in 1887 with John G. Kelly as its first mayor.  This revival of the city's development roughly coincided with the completion of two large [[blast furnace]]s and a [[foundry]], allowing large-scale iron production to begin.  South Pittsburg experienced rapid growth in the 1890s, but struggled after TCI relocated to [[Alabama]].<ref name=lambert />

In 1906, the Dixie-Portland Cement Company (later Penn-Dixie) established a cement production center in what was then known as the Deptford area, south of South Pittsburg.  The company hired New York insurance executive Richard Hardy to oversee the development of a company town, which became known as "Richard City" after Hardy.  After becoming president of the company in 1914, Hardy initiated a major expansion project in Richard City.  Many of the town's houses, churches, businesses, and even utility poles were constructed using the company's cement.  The plant operated until 1980, when Penn-Dixie went out of business.  The site was later purchased by [[Vulcan Materials Company|Vulcan Materials]].<ref>Kelly Wilkerson, "[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1127 Richard City]," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''.  Retrieved: August 18, 2015.</ref>  Richard City was annexed by South Pittsburg in 1985.<ref>Carroll Van West, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Fh11WlwYe9wC&dq Tennessee's Historic Landscapes: A Traveler's Guide]'' (University of Tennessee Press, 1995), p. 263.</ref>

==Geography==
South Pittsburg is located at {{coord|35|0|30|N|85|42|38|W|type:city}} (35.008342, -85.710645).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city is situated in the southwestern [[Sequatchie Valley]] between the [[Cumberland Plateau]] on the west and the [[Tennessee River]] ([[Guntersville Lake]]) on the east. Two steep ridges&mdash; Whitacre Point on the north and Lodge Point on the south&mdash; extend outward from the Plateau to "wall in" the main portion of the city on the north, west, and south. The Richard City area lies opposite Lodge Point to the south, and the Battle Creek area lies opposite Whitacre Point to the north. At an elevation of approximately {{cvt|630|ft}}, South Pittsburg is the lowest incorporated city in the [[East Tennessee]] [[Grand Divisions of Tennessee|Grand Division]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/maps/lsuz/Tennessee/ |title=Tennessee topographic map, elevation, relief |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Needed--> |website=topographic-map.com |publisher=<!--Needed--> |access-date=January 22, 2022}}</ref>

[[File:South-Pittsburg-Cedar-Avenue-bridge-tn1.jpg|left|thumb|Cedar Avenue (US-72) in South Pittsburg]]

The city's municipal boundaries stretch southward to the Tennessee-[[Alabama]] state line.  [[Kimball, Tennessee|Kimball]] borders South Pittsburg to the north, and [[New Hope, Tennessee|New Hope]] lies across the river to the east. [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]] is located approximately {{convert|25|mi|km}} to the east.

[[U.S. Route 72]] passes north-to-south through South Pittsburg, connecting the city with [[Jasper, Tennessee|Jasper]] to the north and [[Bridgeport, Alabama]], to the south.  [[Tennessee State Route 156]], which crosses the river via the [[Shelby Reinhart Bridge]], connects the city with New Hope and [[Haletown, Tennessee|Haletown]] to the east, and the [[Sewanee, Tennessee|Sewanee]] and [[Monteagle, Tennessee|Monteagle]] areas atop the Plateau to the west. [[Interstate 24]] passes through [[Kimball, Tennessee|Kimball]], just north of South Pittsburg.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|5.9|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 1045
|1890= 1479
|1900= 1789
|1910= 2106
|1920= 2356
|1930= 2103
|1940= 2285
|1950= 2573
|1960= 4130
|1970= 3613
|1980= 3636
|1990= 3295
|2000= 3295
|2010= 2992
|2020= 3106
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="GR9">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=March 4, 2012|title=Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:47&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+South Pittsburg racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4770060&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 25, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 2,252
| 72.5%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 565
| 18.19%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 10
| 0.32%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 36
| 1.16%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 176
| 5.67%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 67
| 2.16%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 3,106 people, 1,251 households, and 734 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 3,295 people, 1,328 households, and 861 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|556.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,464 housing units at an average density of {{convert|247.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 80.64% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 17.51% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.12% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.27% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.27% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.18% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 1,328 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,000, and the median income for a family was $31,809. Males had a median income of $30,813 versus $20,948 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,021. About 18.4% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.5% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics==
The city government, in 2014, passed a law stating that any persons who work in or associate with the city government in an official capacity are not permitted to make negative comments about the city while using [[social media]]. This includes contractors and volunteers. The city commission approved it 4–1.<ref>Lewis, Ryan. "[http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2014/dec/14/south-pittsburg-approves-broad-social-network/278036/ City of South Pittsburg bans negative comments]." ''[[Times Free Press]]''. December 14, 2014. Retrieved on December 16, 2014.</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Chris Jones (Canadian football coach)|Chris Jones]] - Head Coach, [[Edmonton Elks]], [[Canadian Football League]]
*[[James M. Lewis]] - pharmacist and Tennessee state senator
*[[Eddie Moore (American football)|Eddie Moore]] - NFL linebacker
*[[Jobyna Ralston]] - silent film actress

==See also==
* [[Lodge (company)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://southpittsburgtn.org/ Official site]
* [http://www.historicsouthpittsburgtn.org/ South Pittsburg Historic Preservation Society]
* [http://mtas-notes.ips.utk.edu/public/CHARTERS.nsf/0/972867F5D4A87157852568CC0061DA76/$File/SouthPitt.cht.pdf?OpenElement City charter]

{{Marion County, Tennessee}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Marion County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Cities in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Chattanooga metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Tennessee populated places on the Tennessee River]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in Tennessee]]