Editing Sonoma, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Other uses|Sonoma (disambiguation){{!}}Sonoma}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See the table at Template:Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of their usage. -->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name               = Sonoma, California
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| native_name        = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname           = 
| motto              = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                 = Sonoma City Hall (cropped).jpg
| photo1b                 = In sonoma town (cropped).jpg
| photo2a                 = Sonoma, CA USA (7) (cropped).jpg
| photo3a                 = Sonoma Mission, Sonoma, California LCCN2013632632.tif
| photo3b                 = Buena Vista Winery (cropped).jpg
| spacing                 = 2
| position                = center
| color_border            = white
| color                   = white
| size                    = 275
| foot_montage            = Top: [[Sonoma City Hall]] (left) and shops around [[Sonoma Plaza]] (right); middle: shops on Spain St.; bottom: [[Mission San Francisco Solano (California)|Mission San Francisco Solano]] (left) and [[Buena Vista Winery]] (right)
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Sonoma, California.png
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| seal_size          = 
| image_map          = Sonoma_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Sonoma_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 250x200px
| map_caption        = Location in [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]] <br />and the state of [[California]]
| pushpin_map        = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
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| subdivision_name1  = [[California]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_type    = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]<ref name=form>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sonomacity.org/default.aspx?PageId=49|title=City Council Overview|publisher=City of Sonoma|access-date=January 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208210738/http://www.sonomacity.org/default.aspx?PageId=49|archive-date=December 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Sandra Lowe<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sonomanews.com/article/news/gubernatorial-candidate-betty-yee-swings-by-sonoma/ |title=Gubernatorial candidate Betty Yee swings by Sonoma |website=The [[Sonoma Index-Tribune]] |last=Charrier |first=Emily |date=May 24, 2023 |language=en-US |access-date=May 25, 2023}}</ref><!--Jack Ding<ref>{{cite web | title = City Council | publisher = City of Sonoma | url = https://www.sonomacity.org/departments/city-council/ | access-date = July 14, 2020}}</ref>-->
| leader_title1      = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name1       = David Guhin<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sonomanews.com/article/news/sonoma-makes-offer-to-new-city-manager/ |title=Sonoma City Council selects new city manager |website=The [[Sonoma Index-Tribune]] |date=April 13, 2023 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |language=en-US |last=Hunter |first=Chase}}</ref><!--David Kiff<ref name=manager>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonomacity.org/departments/city-manager/|title=City Manager - City of Sonoma|access-date=February 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002957/https://www.sonomacity.org/departments/city-manager/|archive-date=February 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>-->
| established_title1 = laid out
| established_date1  = 1835
| established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date3  = September 3, 1883<ref name="CAC">{{Cite web
   | url          = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
   | title        = California Cities by Incorporation Date
   | format       = Word
   | publisher    = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
   | access-date  = August 25, 2014
   | url-status   = dead
   | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
   | archive-date = November 3, 2014
   | df           = mdy-all
 }}</ref>
<!-- Area------------------>| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 2.74
| area_land_sq_mi    = 2.74
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| area_water_percent = 0
| area_note          = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = <!-- Population ----------->
| population_as_of   = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{Cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0672646.html|title=Sonoma (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = April 12, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150403233543/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0672646.html | archive-date = April 3, 2015 | url-status = dead}}</ref>
| population_total   = 10739<ref name="Census">[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/sonomacitycalifornia ''Population.''] In: ''QuickFacts: Sonoma city, California.'' Census, April 1, 2020. Census.gov. Retrieved March 18, 2022.</ref>
| pop_est_as_of      = 2020-04
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
| population_est     = 11024
| population_density_sq_mi = 4017.49
| population_metro   = 483878
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/P1/310M100US42220|title=American FactFinder - Results|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005639/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/P1/310M100US42220|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = auto
<!-- General information --------------->| timezone           = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset         = -8
| timezone_DST       = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = -7
| coordinates        = {{coord|38|17|20|N|122|27|32|W|region:US-CA | display = inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite gnis|277617|Sonoma}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 26
| elevation_ft       = 85
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = 95476
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_code          = [[Area code 707|707]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info         = {{FIPS|06|72646}}
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info        = {{GNIS 4|277617}}, {{GNIS 4|2411929}}
| website            = {{URL|www.sonomacity.org}}
| population_density_km2 = 1551.39
}}

'''Sonoma''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|n|oʊ|m|ə}}) is a city in [[Sonoma County, California]], United States, located in the [[North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|North Bay]] region of the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. Sonoma is one of the principal cities of California's [[Wine Country]] and the center of the [[Sonoma Valley AVA]]. Sonoma's population was 10,739 as of the 2020 [[census]],<ref name="Census" /> while the Sonoma urban area had a population of 32,679.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> Sonoma is a popular tourist destination, owing to its [[California wine|Californian wineries]], noted events like the [[Sonoma International Film Festival]], and its historic center.

In 1823, [[Spaniard]] José Altimira established [[Mission San Francisco Solano]], under the direction of Governor [[Luis Antonio Argüello]]. Following the [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|Mexican secularization of the missions]], [[Californio]] statesman [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo|Mariano G. Vallejo]] founded Sonoma on the former mission's lands in 1835. Sonoma served as the base of General Vallejo's operations until the [[Bear Flag Revolt]] in 1846, when American [[Filibuster (military)|filibusters]] overthrew the local Mexican government and declared the [[California Republic]], ushering in the American [[Conquest of California]].

==History==
When the first [[Spaniards]] arrived, the area was near the northeast corner of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] / [[Aboriginal peoples]] (Indians) of the [[Miwok|Coast Miwok]] territory,<ref>SSHP-GP p.11</ref> with [[Pomo|Southern Pomo]] to the northwest, [[Wappo]] to the northeast, [[Suisun people|Suisunes]] and [[Patwin]] peoples to the east.<ref name="S/PSHPA">S/PSHPA</ref><ref>CIMCC</ref>

===Mission era===
{{main|Mission San Francisco Solano}}
[[File:San_Francisco_Solano_(Oriana_Day).png|thumb|left|Sonoma's origins trace to 1823, when [[Mission San Francisco Solano]] of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]], was founded under the direction of Governor [[Luis Antonio Argüello]] of [[Alta California]] (Upper California) of the [[Viceroyalty]] of [[New Spain]] of the [[Kingdom of Spain]] / [[Spanish Empire]].]]
[[Mission San Francisco Solano]] is the direct predecessor to the founding of the town of Sonoma. The mission, the only to be constructed not by the Spanish but by the later [[Mexico|Mexican]] authorities seeking independence and succeeding to the Royal Spanish [[Viceroyalty]] at that time, was built as part of a larger plan Governor [[Luis Antonio Argüello]] had devised to fortify the Spanish presence north of the [[San Francisco Bay]] and thus deter [[Russian Empire]] ([[Russia]]) encroachment southward from further north in [[Russian America]] (where they'd established a presence back in the [[1740s]], a half-century before) into the  Pacific Ocean coastal region.<ref>Bancroft p. 496</ref> [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] padre / priest  [[José Altimira]] worked with Governor Argüello to plan the mission, against the desires of [[José Francisco de Paula Señan]], then the President-General of the [[Spanish missions in California]], who disapproved of secular government intervention into religious matters.

A decade later in 1833 the [[Congress of the Union]] ([[Mexican Congress]]) passed the [[Mexican secularization act of 1833]], ending Roman Catholic Church mission stewardship and control of huge tracts of associated lands in California, one goal being to diminish the church's highly influential standing in California's economy and political system.<ref>Smilie p. 34</ref> Then Governor [[José Figueroa]] appointed [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo]], then the Commandant of the [[Presidio of San Francisco]], as administrator (''comisionado'') to oversee the closing of Mission San Francisco Solano and its conversion into a civilian town.<ref>Bancroft III:720</ref>

===General Vallejo era===
{{further|Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo}}

[[File:"General Vallejo Reviewing His Troops in Sonoma, 1846".jpg|thumb|right|General [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo|Mariano G. Vallejo]] reviewing his Mexican Army troops in [[Sonoma Plaza]], 1846. The building with a tower is General Vallejo's residence, the ''Casa Grande'', and to the right are the [[Sonoma Barracks]].]]

Governor Figueroa had received instructions from the Mexican Congress further south in the [[capital city]] of [[Mexico City]] to establish a strong presence in the region north of the [[San Francisco Bay]] to protect the area from encroachments of foreigners.<ref>Bancroft 3:246</ref> An immediate concern was the further south and  eastward movement to the interior of the [[Russian America Company]] from their settlements at [[Fort Ross, California|Fort Ross]] and [[Bodega Bay]] on the [[Northern California]] coastline.<ref name="Smilie p.54">Smilie p.54</ref>

Figueroa's next step in implementing his instructions was to name Lieutenant Vallejo as Military Commander of the Northern Frontier and to order the Army units of officers / soldiers, arms and materiel supplies at the [[Presidio of San Francisco]] moved to the site of the recently secularized [[Mission San Francisco Solano]]. The [[Sonoma Barracks]] were then built to house the troops. Until the building was habitable, the soldiers were housed in the buildings of the old Mission.<ref>Stammerjohan p.25</ref> In 1834, [[George C. Yount]], the first [[European American]] permanent settler in the [[Napa Valley]], north of [[San Francisco Bay]], was employed as a carpenter by Mexican Army General Vallejo.

The Governor granted Lieutenant Vallejo the initial lands (approximately {{convert|44000|acre|km2|0}}) of [[Rancho Petaluma]] immediately west of Sonoma. Vallejo was also named Director of Colonization which meant that he could initiate land grants for other colonists (subject to the approval of the governor) and the ''diputación'' (Alta California's nominal assembly / [[legislature]]).<ref>Smilie p. 50</ref>

Vallejo had also been instructed by Governor Figueroa to establish a pueblo at the site of the old Mission. In 1835, with the assistance of [[William A. Richardson]], he laid out a grid, in accordance with the Spanish [[Laws of the Indies]], of the streets, building lots, central plaza and broad main avenue of the newly planned ''Pueblo de Sonoma''.<ref>Bancroft III:721</ref>

Although Sonoma had been founded as a [[pueblo]] in 1835, it still remained under military control, lacking the political structures of civilian municipal [[self-government]] of other [[Alta California]] pueblos. In 1843, now Lieutenant Colonel Vallejo wrote to the Governor recommending that a civil government be organized for Sonoma. A town council (''ayuntamiento'') was established in 1844 and [[Jacob P. Leese|Jacobo Leese]] was named first ''[[alcalde]]'', and [[Cayetano Juárez]] second ''[[alcalde]]''.<ref>Bancroft IV: 678 note 16</ref>

===Bear Flag Revolt===
{{main|Bear Flag Revolt}}
[[File:Raising_of_the_Bear_Flag_over_Sonoma,_June_14,_1846.jpg|thumb|The raising of the [[Flag of California|Bear Flag]] and proclamation of the new independent [[California Republic]] in Sonoma Plaza, following the so-called [[Bear Flag Revolt]] on June 14, 1846.]]
[[File:Lowering_the_Bear_Flag,_Raising_the_U.S._Flag_in_Sonoma_(1846).png|thumb|right|[[Joseph Warren Revere (general)|Joseph Revere]] of the [[United States Navy]] lowering the California Republic [[Bear Flag]] and raising the "Stars and Stripes" of the [[Flag of the United States|American flag]]]]

Before dawn on Sunday, June 14, 1846, thirty-three [[United States|Americans]], already in rebellion against the [[Alta California]] provincial government of [[Mexico]], arrived in Sonoma. Some of the group had traveled from the camp of [[United States Army]] Brevet Captain [[John C. Frémont]] (1813-1890), who had entered California illegally from across the [[Great Plains]] and through the [[Rocky Mountains]] chain from the east in late 1845 with his exploration and mapping expedition. Others had joined along the way. As the number of immigrants arriving in California had swelled, the Mexican government barred them from buying or renting land and threatened them with expulsion because they had entered without official permission.<ref>Bancroft; IV: 598-608</ref><ref>Richman p 308</ref> Mexican officials were concerned about the coming [[Mexican–American War]] of 1846-1848, with the [[United States]] coupled with the growing influx of American and other European immigrants into California, both by overland wagon trains from the east and by ship on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] and [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>Hague p.118</ref>
[[File:Sonoma,_1846.jpg|left|thumb|Sonoma in 1846<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonoma Democrat 9 September 1885 — California Digital Newspaper Collection |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SD18850909.2.2&e=------188-en--20--1081--txt-txIN-Bear+flag------- |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=cdnc.ucr.edu}}</ref>]]
A group of rebellious Americans had departed from Captain Frémont's military camp on June 10 and captured a herd of 170 Mexican government-owned horses being moved by Californio / Mexican Army soldiers from San Rafael and Sonoma to Alta California's Commandante General José Castro in Santa Clara.<ref>Ide p. 112-3</ref> The insurgents next determined to seize the weapons, gunpowder and materiel stored in the [[Sonoma Barracks]] and to deny Sonoma to the Californios as a rallying point north of the San Francisco Bay.<ref name="Bancroft V:109">Bancroft V:109</ref>

Meeting no resistance, they approached the home of General Vallejo, who invited the [[filibuster (military)|filibuster]]s' leaders into his home to negotiate terms. However, when the agreement was presented to those outside they refused to endorse and accept it. Rather than releasing the Mexican officers under parole, they insisted they be held as hostages. [[William Ide]] (1796-1852), gave an impassioned speech urging the rebels to stay in Sonoma and start a new republic.<ref>Harlow p. 102</ref> Afterwards, Vallejo and his three associates were taken as prisoners and placed on horseback and taken to Captain Frémont.<ref>Bancroft V:117</ref>

The [[Sonoma Barracks]] became the headquarters for the remaining twenty-four rebels, who within a few days created their [[Flag of California|Bear Flag]]. After the flag was raised Californios called the insurgents ''Los Osos'' (The Bears) because of their flag and in derision of their often scruffy appearance. The rebels embraced the expression, and their uprising became known as the Bear Flag Revolt.<ref>SSHP-GP p. 82</ref> There were some small unit skirmishes between the Bears and the Californios but no major confrontations.

After hearing reports that General [[José Castro]] was preparing to attack Sonoma, Frémont left Sutter's Fort with his forces for Sonoma. There he called a meeting with "the Bears" and united his forces with the revolters to form a single military unit. Frémont then took the majority of the men back to Sutter's Fort and left fifty men to defend Sonoma. The Bear Flag Revolt ended and the [[California Republic]] ceased to exist on July 9 when Lieutenant [[Joseph Warren Revere (general)|Joseph Warren Revere]] of the U.S. Navy raised the United States flag in front of the [[Sonoma Barracks]].<ref>Bancroft V:185-86</ref>

===Post-Conquest era===
[[File:The Plaza of Sonoma, ca.1874.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Sonoma Plaza]], {{circa|1874}}]]

Following the American [[Conquest of California]] and the advent of the [[California Gold Rush]], local businesses prospered with the business brought by the soldiers as well as miners traveling to and from the gold fields. The prosperity and optimism about Sonoma's future promoted land speculation which was particularly problematic because of the cloudy records regarding land ownership.

Vallejo had granted land by virtue of his office as Director of Colonization before the pueblo was organized. Among the traditional duties of Alta California's ''alcaldes'' was the selling of town lots. Political factions backed different Sonoma ''alcaldes'' (John H. Nash, supported by American immigrants, and [[Lilburn Boggs]] (1796-1860), supported by Vallejo and the [[Californios]]) made the situation more complex.<ref>Parmelee p. 90-93</ref> Some property was sold more than once.<ref>Bancroft V:668-670</ref> A valid land sale depended on proof of the seller's [[chain of title]]. Over thirty subsequent years of lawsuits and land disputes were required before land owners in Sonoma were able to obtain clear titles.<ref>Parmelee p. 94</ref>
[[File:P15763coll2 5298 large (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Sonoma Valley Unified School District|Sonoma Valley High School]], 1910]]
When the [[California interim government, 1846–1850|California interim government and U.S. military occupation]] beginning 1846, finally ended after four years in 1850, when California was admitted as the 31st [[U.S. state|state]] to the federal Union by act of the U.S. Congress, approved by the [[President of the United States|President]], on September 9, 1850, Sonoma was then named the first [[county seat]] town for [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]]. About that time the flow of miners had slowed and the U.S. Army was soon leaving Sonoma. Business in Sonoma moved into an economic recession in 1851.<ref>Parmelee p. 101</ref> Surrounding towns such as Petaluma and Santa Rosa were developing and gaining population much faster than Sonoma. An 1854 special election then moved the county seat and courthouse and its legal work and entailed economic activity to [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]].

===Contemporary era===
The [[Sonoma City Hall]], located in the center of the Sonoma Plaza, was dedicated on September 9, 1908.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-rosa-republican-dedication-of-city/151542395/ "Celebration At Sonoma Was Splendid Success Wednesday, Dedication of City Hall"]. ''Santa Rosa Republican''. Santa Rosa, California. September 9, 1908. p. 8. Retrieved 2024-07-15.</ref>

The [[United States Navy]] operated a rest center at the Mission Inn through [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html|title=U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State|publisher=Patrick Clancey|access-date=March 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907053516/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html|archive-date=September 7, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

Parts of [[Wes Craven]]'s ''[[Scream (1996 film)|Scream]]'' (1996) were filmed in the city, with shots of the Sonoma Community Center masked as Westboro High School.<ref name="InsideStoryScream">{{Cite video|people=Daniel Farrands (Director) Thommy Hutson (Writer)|title=Scream: The Inside Story|medium=TV|publisher=[[The Biography Channel]] Video|location=United States|date=April 6, 2011}}</ref>

The center of town, known as the Plaza, is home to a particularly vibrant Farmers Market on Tuesdays during season.

==Geography==
[[File:Sonoma Plaza west lawn.jpg|thumb|Sonoma Plaza from the south]]

The city is situated in the [[Sonoma Valley]], with the [[Mayacamas Mountains]] to the east and the [[Sonoma Mountains]] to the west, with the prominent landform [[Sears Point]] to the southwest. Sonoma has an area of {{convert|2.7|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}}.

The principal watercourse in the town is [[Sonoma Creek]], which flows in a southerly direction to discharge ultimately to the [[Napa Sonoma Marsh]]; [[Arroyo Seco Creek]] is a tributary to Schell Creek with a confluence in the eastern portion of the town.
The active Rodgers Fault lies to the west of [[Sonoma Creek]]; however, the risk of major damage is mitigated by the fact that most of the soils beneath the city consist of a slight [[alluvial]] terrace underlain by strongly cemented [[sedimentary]] and [[volcanic]] rock.<ref>''General Plan, City of Sonoma, California'', prepared for the City of Sonoma by Hall and Goodhue Community Design Group, San Francisco, Ca. (1974)</ref> To the immediate south, west and east are deeper rich, alluvial soils that support valuable [[agricultural]] cultivation. The mountain block to the north rises to {{convert|1,200|ft|m}} and provides an important scenic backdrop.

===Climate===
Sonoma has a typical lowland near-coastal Californian [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Csb]]'') with hot, dry summers (although nights are comfortably cool) and cool, wet winters. In January, the normal high is {{convert|57.2|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and the typical low is {{convert|37.2|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. In July, the normal high is {{convert|88.6|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and the normal low is {{convert|51.2|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. There are an average of 58.1 days with highs of {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} or higher and 12.1 days with highs of {{convert|100|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. The highest temperature on record was {{convert|116|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on July 13, 1972, and the lowest temperature was {{convert|13|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on December 22, 1990. Normal annual precipitation is {{convert|29.43|in|mm}}. The wettest month on record was {{convert|20.29|in|mm}} in January 1995. The greatest 24-hour rainfall was {{convert|6.75|in|mm}} on January 4, 1982. There are an average of 68.6 days with measurable precipitation. Snow has rarely fallen, but {{convert|1|in|cm}} fell in January 1907; more recently, snow flurries were observed on February 5, 1976, and in the winter of 2001.<ref name = WRCC >{{cite web
  |url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8351
  |title = General Climate Summary Tables - Sonoma, California
  |publisher = Western Regional Climate Center
  |access-date = December 7, 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819213607/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca8351
  |archive-date = August 19, 2014
|url-status = live
  }}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Sonoma, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 84
|Feb record high F = 98
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 100
|May record high F = 105
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 116
|Aug record high F = 108
|Sep record high F = 110
|Oct record high F = 107
|Nov record high F = 91
|Dec record high F = 80

|Jan avg record high F = 67.2
|Feb avg record high F = 73.0
|Mar avg record high F = 78.3
|Apr avg record high F = 85.2
|May avg record high F = 91.1
|Jun avg record high F = 100.3
|Jul avg record high F = 101.1
|Aug avg record high F = 100.4
|Sep avg record high F = 99.1
|Oct avg record high F = 91.3
|Nov avg record high F = 78.6
|Dec avg record high F = 67.2
|year avg record high F = 104.0

|Jan high F = 57.0
|Feb high F = 61.6
|Mar high F = 65.4
|Apr high F = 69.2
|May high F = 75.3
|Jun high F = 82.8
|Jul high F = 86.0
|Aug high F = 86.1
|Sep high F = 84.8
|Oct high F = 77.5
|Nov high F = 65.2
|Dec high F = 56.7
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 47.7
|Feb mean F = 50.8
|Mar mean F = 53.7
|Apr mean F = 56.7
|May mean F = 61.6
|Jun mean F = 67.1
|Jul mean F = 69.7
|Aug mean F = 69.6
|Sep mean F = 68.0
|Oct mean F = 62.5
|Nov mean F = 53.5
|Dec mean F = 47.4
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 38.4
|Feb low F = 40.1
|Mar low F = 41.9
|Apr low F = 44.1
|May low F = 47.8
|Jun low F = 51.3
|Jul low F = 53.5
|Aug low F = 53.2
|Sep low F = 51.2
|Oct low F = 47.4
|Nov low F = 41.8
|Dec low F = 38.2
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 27.8
|Feb avg record low F = 30.0
|Mar avg record low F = 32.6
|Apr avg record low F = 35.1
|May avg record low F = 40.0
|Jun avg record low F = 44.0
|Jul avg record low F = 47.3
|Aug avg record low F = 47.0
|Sep avg record low F = 44.1
|Oct avg record low F = 38.0
|Nov avg record low F = 31.4
|Dec avg record low F = 27.7
|year avg record low F = 25.6

|Jan record low F = 20
|Feb record low F = 20
|Mar record low F = 24
|Apr record low F = 20
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 31
|Jul record low F = 35
|Aug record low F = 36
|Sep record low F = 34
|Oct record low F = 30
|Nov record low F = 22
|Dec record low F = 13

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.47
|Feb precipitation inch = 5.42
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.84
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.78
|May precipitation inch = 1.03
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.32
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.00
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.07
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.52
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.01
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.83
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4
|Feb precipitation days = 10.9
|Mar precipitation days = 9.8
|Apr precipitation days = 6.5
|May precipitation days = 4.0
|Jun precipitation days = 1.1
|Jul precipitation days = 0.1
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.7
|Oct precipitation days = 3.6
|Nov precipitation days = 7.5
|Dec precipitation days = 11.8

|Jan snow inch = 
|Feb snow inch = 
|Mar snow inch = 
|Apr snow inch = 
|May snow inch = 
|Jun snow inch = 
|Jul snow inch = 
|Aug snow inch = 
|Sep snow inch = 
|Oct snow inch = 
|Nov snow inch = 
|Dec snow inch = 
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 
|Feb snow days = 
|Mar snow days = 
|Apr snow days = 
|May snow days = 
|Jun snow days = 
|Jul snow days = 
|Aug snow days = 
|Sep snow days = 
|Oct snow days = 
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|Dec snow days =

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00048351&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Sonoma, CA
|access-date = May 26, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = XMACIS2<ref name = XMACIS2>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2 
|access-date = May 26, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=right
|1890= 757
|1900= 652
|1910= 957
|1920= 801
|1930= 980
|1940= 1158
|1950= 2015
|1960= 3023
|1970= 4259
|1980= 6054
|1990= 8121
|2000= 9128
|2010= 10648
|2020= 10739
|estyear=2019
|estimate=11024
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
[[File:2021 Bear Flag Celebration - Sarah Stierch 08.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Bear Flag Monument]]]]

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672646|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Sonoma city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411144212/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672646|archive-date=April 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> reported that Sonoma had a population of 10,648. The population density was {{convert|3,883.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Sonoma was 9,242 (86.8%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 52 (0.5%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 56 (0.5%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 300 (2.8%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 23 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 711 (6.7%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 264 (2.5%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1,634 persons (15.3%).

Within the Sonoma Valley, the racial makeup was 46.3% White, 49.1% Hispanic, and 2.7% Native American. The average household income was $96,722. The Census reported that 10,411 people (97.8% of the population) lived in households, 11 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 226 (2.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,955 households, out of which 1,135 (22.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,094 (42.3%) were [[marriage|married couples]] living together, 425 (8.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 174 (3.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 230 (4.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried partnerships]], and 48 (1.0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 1,920 households (38.7%) were made up of individuals, and 1,054 (21.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10. There were 2,693 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (54.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.82.

The population was spread out, with 1,920 people (18.0%) under the age of 18, 559 people (5.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,252 people (21.1%) aged 25 to 44, 3,250 people (30.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,667 people (25.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.8 males.

There were 5,544 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,021.9|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}, of which 2,928 (59.1%) were owner-occupied, and 2,027 (40.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%. 6,294 people (59.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,117 people (38.7%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
[[File:Taste of the Himalayas at farmers market - May 2018 - Stierch 01.jpg|thumb|right|International vendors at Valley of the Moon Farmer's Market]]

At the previous [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 9,128 people, 4,373 households, and 2,361 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|3,442|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 4,671 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,762|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.80% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.36% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.34% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.70% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.61% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.14% from two or more races. 6.85% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanics]] (of any race).

There were 4,373 households, of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.2% of households consisted of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.77. The age distribution was as follows: 18.6% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who had achieved age 65. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $50,505, and the median income for a family was $65,600. Males had a median income of $51,831 versus $40,276 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $32,387. 3.7% of the population and 2.0% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 3.3% of those under 18 and 4.7% of those were 65 and older.

==Government==
[[File:City Hall of Sonoma.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sonoma City Hall]] in [[Sonoma Plaza]]]]
[[File:Sonoma Barracks. A May 2018 photo (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Sonoma Barracks]], now part of [[Sonoma State Historic Park]]]]

The City of Sonoma was [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] on September 3, 1883.<ref name="CAC"/> It uses a [[Council–manager government|council–manager]] form of government, wherein a council sets policy and hires staff to implement it. The city council has five members, elected to four-year terms.<ref name=form/> The city council selects one of its members to serve as mayor.

In addition to the official mayor, Sonoma has a tradition of naming an honorary mayor each year, titled "[[Alcalde]]/Alcaldesa".<ref name=kemp>{{Cite web |url=http://capitolwords.org/date/2009/02/24/E318-4_recognizing-alcaldessa-elizabeth-kemp-of-sonoma-ca/ |title=Recognizing Alcaldessa Elizabeth Kemp Of Sonoma, California |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920215014/http://capitolwords.org/date/2009/02/24/E318-4_recognizing-alcaldessa-elizabeth-kemp-of-sonoma-ca/ |archive-date=September 20, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Alcalde or Alcaldesa presides over ceremonial events for the city.

===State and federal representation===
In the [[California State Legislature]], Sonoma is in {{Representative|casd|3|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|10|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
 | url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | title = Statewide Database
 | publisher = UC Regents
 | access-date = December 5, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | archive-date = February 1, 2015
| url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Sonoma is in {{Representative|cacd|4|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|4|access-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

According to the [[Secretary of State of California|California Secretary of State]], as of February 10, 2019, Sonoma has 7,162 registered voters. Of those, 3,694 (51.6%) are registered [[California Democratic Party|Democrats]], 1,309 (18.3%) are registered [[California Republican Party|Republicans]], and 1,783 (24.9%) have [[Decline to State|declined to state]] a political party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf|title=CA Secretary of State – Report of Registration – February 10, 2019|website=ca.gov|access-date=March 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323230212/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf|archive-date=March 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Media==
[[File:Sonoma-Sebastiani Theatre.jpg|thumb|Sebastiani Theatre]]

The two primary news sources for Sonoma are the ''[[Sonoma Index-Tribune]]'' and the ''[[Sonoma Valley Sun]]''. The ''Sonoma Index-Tribune'' publishes twice weekly on Wednesdays and Fridays and has a circulation of 9,000. The ''Sonoma Valley Sun'' publishes every other Thursday and is free. The ''Sun'' is recognized as the [[alternative weekly]] for the Sonoma Valley. It has a circulation of 5,000. Sonoma has a local radio station, [[KSVY]], and a [[public-access television]] station, [[SVTV 27]].

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[California State Route 12]] is the main route in Sonoma, passing through the populated areas of the Sonoma Valley and connecting it to [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] to the north and [[Napa, California|Napa]] to the east. State routes [[California State Route 121|121]] and [[California State Route 116|116]] run to the south of town, passing through the unincorporated area of [[Schellville, California|Schellville]] and connecting Sonoma Valley to Napa, [[Petaluma, California|Petaluma]] to the west, and [[Marin County]] to the south. [[Sonoma County Transit]] provides bus service from Sonoma to other points in the county. [[VINE Transit]] also operates a route between Napa and Sonoma.

The nearest airport with regularly scheduled commercial passenger service is [[Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport]], about {{convert|30|mi|sigfig=1}} northwest of Sonoma. [[San Francisco International Airport]] and [[Oakland International Airport]] are both about {{convert|60|mi|sigfig=1}} south of Sonoma.

==Notable people==
* [[Hap Arnold]], first General of the [[United States Air Force]] 
* [[Rod Beaton (news executive)|Rod Beaton]], journalist and media executive with [[United Press International]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Former UPI president, Rod Beaton dies|author=United Press International|author-link=United Press International|date=July 6, 2002|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/07/06/Former-UPI-presidentRod-Beaton-dies/73091025985996/|access-date=January 13, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Roderick Beaton, 79, Former U.P.I. Leader|agency=Associated Press|date=July 14, 2002|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York, New York|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/14/us/roderick-beaton-79-former-upi-leader.html|page=33|access-date=January 13, 2022}}; {{cite news|title=Rod Beaton|agency=Associated Press|date=July 9, 2002|newspaper=[[Asbury Park Press]]|location=Asbury Park, New Jersey|page=20|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91504203/rod-beaton-2002/}}{{free access}}</ref>
* [[Phil Coturri]], viticulturalist who is recognized as pioneering [[organic farming|organic]] and [[biodynamic agriculture|biodynamic]] farming
* [[Tommy Everidge]], professional [[Major League Baseball]] player
* [[Kirk Hammett]], lead guitarist of [[Metallica]] and songwriter
* [[Agoston Haraszthy]], the "father of [[Californian wine]]"
* [[Joseph Hooker]], politician and [[American Civil War|Civil War]] general<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sheridan|first=Lorna|date=April 10, 2017|title=Sonoma's historic Hooker House lures new tenant|url=https://www.sonomanews.com/article/news/sonomas-historic-hooker-house-lures-new-tenant/|access-date=June 9, 2021|website=Sonoma Index-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[John Lasseter]], animator and former chief creative executive of [[Pixar]]
* [[Tony Moll]], former [[NFL]] player
* [[Brian Posehn]], comedian and actor
* [[Don Sebastiani]], vintner and politician - [[Sebastiani Vineyards and Winery]]
* [[Tim Schafer]], [[computer game designer]] and founder of [[Double Fine Productions]]
* [[William Smith (ship captain)|William Smith]], [[American Revolutionary War]] veteran believed to be buried in California<ref name="Lely">{{cite web|last1=Lely|first1=Ryan|title=Sailor of the Unknown Tomb|url=http://sonomasun.com/2008/05/22/pub-a-3219/|website=Features|date=May 22, 2008|publisher=Sonoma Valley Sun|access-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Tom Smothers]], comedian and musician
* [[David Ury]], actor and comedian<ref>{{Cite web |title=About David Ury |url=https://www.davidury.com/about |access-date=March 29, 2025 |website=David Ury}}</ref>
* [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo]], the last Mexican military commander of northern California
* [[Ignazio Vella]], American businessman who served on the [[Sonoma County Board of Supervisors]]
* [[Sanford Weill]], chairman of [[Citicorp]] during the [[2008 financial crisis]]
* [[Chuck Williams (author)|Chuck Williams]], founder of [[Williams Sonoma (brand)|Williams Sonoma]]
* [[Paula Wolfert]] and husband [[William Bayer]], both authors, have been resident in Sonoma since 1998

== In popular culture ==
[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s desktop operating system, [[macOS Sonoma]], announced on June 5, 2023, during [[WWDC]], is named after the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Apple debuts macOS 14 Sonoma |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/05/apple-debuts-macos-14-sonoma/ |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2023}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Aswan]], Egypt
*[[Chambolle-Musigny]], France
*[[Greve in Chianti]], Italy
*[[Kaniv]], Ukraine
*[[Pátzcuaro]], Mexico
*[[Penglai District|Penglai (Yantai)]], China
*[[Tokaj]], Hungary
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*''[[Enos v. Snyder]]'' (1900)
*[[Swiss Hotel]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last=Alexander|first=James B.|title=Sonoma Valley Legacy|year=1986|publisher=Sonoma Valley Historical Society|location=Sonoma, CA}}
* {{cite book|author=Bancroft, Hubert Howe|year=1886|title=History of California Vol. II-V|publisher=The History Company, San Francisco, CA}}
* {{cite web|last=CIMCC|title=San Francisco de Solano - General Information|url=http://californiamissionsnativehistory.org/InteractiveMap.html|publisher=California Indian Museum and Cultural Center|access-date=April 24, 2014}}
* {{cite journal|last=Court of Claims (United States)|title=Mariano G Vallejo vs. The United States|journal=Case 566}}
* {{cite web|last=CSMM|first=The California State Military Museum|title=Captain John Charles Fremont and the Bear Flag Revolt|url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/fremont.html|access-date=May 15, 2014}}
* {{cite book|first1=John Charles |last1=Fremont|first2=Jessie Benton |last2=Fremont|title=Memoirs of My Life, Vol. 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWVBAQAAMAAJ|year=1887|publisher=Belford, Clarke|isbn=9780608422800}}
* Hague, Harlan & David J. Langum ''Thomas O. Larkin: A Life of Patriotism and Profit in Old California'', University of Oklahoma Press, (1990)
* Harlow, Neal ''California Conquered: The Annexation of a Mexican Province 1846–1850'', {{ISBN|0-520-06605-7}}, (1982)
* {{cite book|last1=Parmelee|first1=Robert D|title=Pioneer Sonoma|date=1972|publisher=The Sonoma Valley Historical Society|location=Sonoma, CA}}
* {{cite book|last=Richman|first=Irving B.|title=California Under Spain and Mexico, 1535-1847|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPYXAAAAYAAJ|year=1911|publisher=The Riverside Press, Cambridge|isbn=9781404750784}}
* {{cite book|author=Smilie, Robert A.|year=1975|title=The Sonoma Mission, San Francisco Solano de Sonoma: The Founding, Ruin and Restoration of California's 21st Mission|publisher=Valley Publishers, Fresno, CA|isbn=978-0-913548-24-0}}
*{{cite web|last=S/PSHPA - Sonoma/Petaluma State Historic Parks Association|title=Mission San Francisco Solano|url=http://www.sonomaparks.org/pub/place/1|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803114029/http://www.sonomaparks.org/pub/place/1|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|last=SSHP|title=Sonoma State Historic Park - A Short History of Historical Archaeology|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=22760|publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=April 25, 2014}}
* {{cite web|last=SSHP-GP|title=Sonoma State Historic Park - General Plan|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/21299/files/243.pdf|publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=April 26, 2014}}
* {{cite book|last=Stammerjohan|first=George|title=Sonoma Barracks, A Military View|publisher=Department of Parks and Recreation, State of California}}
* {{cite book|last=Walker|first=Dale L.|title=Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846|year=1999|location=New York|isbn=978-0312866853|publisher=Macmillan|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bearflagrisingco00walk_0}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sonoma, California}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Sonoma County, California}}
{{SF Bay Area}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sonoma, California| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Sonoma Valley]]
[[Category:Spanish mission settlements in North America]]
[[Category:Capitals of former nations]]
[[Category:Former state capitals in the United States|California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1835]]
[[Category:1883 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area]]