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{{Short description|City in California, United States}} {{redirect|Solvang}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> | official_name = Solvang, California | other_name = | native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]] <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Tivoli Square Solvang.jpg | photo1b = Petersen Village Inn, Solvang, CA, USA (9500336893).jpg | photo2a = Santa Inés Mission in Santa Ynez, California LCCN2013631417 (cropped).tif | photo3a = Solvang mill (cropped).jpg | photo3b = Solvang Bethania Lutheran Church (cropped).JPG | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 275 | foot_montage = Top: Tivoli Square, Petersen Village Inn; middle: [[Mission Santa Inés]]; bottom: Solvang windmill, Bethania Church }} | image_flag = Flag of Solvang, California.webp | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | nickname = Danish Capital of America | motto = | image_map = Santa Barbara County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Solvang Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = Location in [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara County]] and the state of [[California]] | pushpin_map = USA California Southern#California#USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States | pushpin_label = Solvang <!-- Location ------------------> | coordinates = {{coord|34|35|38|N|120|8|23|W|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[California]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]] <!-- Politics -----------------> | established_title = <!-- Founded --> | established_date = 1911 | established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] | established_date3 = May 1, 1985<ref name=Incorporated>{{cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | title=California Cities by Incorporation Date | format= Word | publisher= California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s | access-date=August 25, 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = David Brown<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cityofsolvang.com/187/City-Council | title = City Council | publisher = City of Solvang | access-date = February 6, 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250129060704/https://www.cityofsolvang.com/187/City-Council#expand | archive-date = January 29, 2025 }}</ref> <!-- Area------------------> | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 2.43 | area_total_km2 = 6.28 | area_land_sq_mi = 2.42 | area_land_km2 = 6.28 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 | area_water_km2 = 0.00 | area_water_percent = 0.05 | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1661468|Solvang|access-date=November 18, 2014}}</ref> | elevation_ft = 505 | elevation_m = 154 <!-- Population -----------> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/solvangcitycalifornia|title=Solvang (city) QuickFacts | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = December 17, 2021}}</ref> | population_total = 6126 | pop_est_as_of = | pop_est_footnotes = | population_est = | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_metro = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] | utc_offset = −08:00 | timezone_DST = PDT | utc_offset_DST = −07:00 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = 93463-93464 | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | area_code = [[Area code 805|805]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = {{FIPS|06|72576}} | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs | blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1661468}}, {{GNIS 4|2411925}} | website = {{URL|www.cityofsolvang.com}} | population_density_km2 = auto }} '''Solvang''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|l|v|æ|ŋ}}; [[Danish language|Danish]] for "sunny field"<ref name="PCH">{{cite book |last1=Cragg |first1=Curt |title=Solvang |date=2008 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=9780738559353}}</ref><ref name="elverhoj">{{cite web |url=http://www.elverhoj.org/history.html |title=The Extraordinary History of Solvang, California |work=Elverhøj Museum of History and Art |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref>) is a city in [[Santa Barbara County, California]], United States. Located in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]], the population was 6,126 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], out of which less than 10% was of Danish descent.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=195}} Solvang was founded in 1911<ref name="elverhoj" /> and incorporated as a city on May 1, 1985.<ref name=Incorporated /><ref name="CityofSolvangWebsite">{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofsolvang.com/ |title=City of Solvang |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref> Solvang has been described as "The Danish Capital of America".{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=13}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.solvangusa.com/ |title=Official Visitor Guide For Solvang |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://santamariatimes.com/lifestyles/columnist/judith-dale-1920s-solvang---becoming-danish-capital-of-america/article_59b80161-04e0-5681-ac23-2871349076e9.html |first=Judith |last=Dale |title=1920s Solvang - Becoming Danish Capital of America |work=Santa Maria Times |date=March 7, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref> In 1804, [[Mission Santa Inés]] was founded by the Spanish under [[Esteban Tápis]]. A small community grew up around the mission called "Santa Inés" during the Mexican period, but it was largely abandoned after the American [[Conquest of California]]. In 1911, a new settlement was founded around the mission by a group of [[Danish American]]s who purchased {{convert|9000|acres}} of the surrounding [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]], to establish a Danish community far from Midwestern winters. The community began building Danish-themed architecture in 1947, and has since become a tourist destination<ref name="Knudsen 2010 p. 93-106">{{cite book |last=Knudsen |first=Britta |title=Re-investing authenticity: tourism, place and emotions |publisher=[[Channel View Publications]] |publication-place=Bristol Buffalo |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84541-129-9 |oclc=647884675 |pages=93–106}}</ref> with 1.5 million visitors per year.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=214}} The community attracts tourists from Nordic countries, and has been the subject of several Danish royal visits including [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Prince Henrik]] in 2011.<ref name="Bemis">{{Cite news |last=Bemis|first=Dave |date=June 12, 2011 |title=Solvang welcomes Danish royalty |work=Santa Maria Times |url=https://santamariatimes.com/news/local/solvang-welcomes-danish-royalty/article_592fc85c-94b8-11e0-affe-001cc4c002e0.html#:~:text=Prince%20Consort%20Henrik%20and%20Queen,Innovation%20Center%20in%20Palo%20Alto.|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> A minority of residents in the 21st century are of Danish origin.<ref name="Bemis"/> ==History== ===Beginnings=== [[File:Mission StInes.jpg|thumb|Mission Santa Inés in Solvang]] The [[Santa Ynez Valley]], in which Solvang lies, was originally inhabited by the [[Chumash Indians|Chumash]], identified by Father Pedro Font, chaplain of the 1776 [[Anza Expedition]], and were described as an ingenious and industrious people who are good fishermen and hunters, with an excellent astronomical system.<ref name="mission1">[http://www.missionsantaines.org/home.html "Mission History"], ''Old Mission Santa Inés''. Retrieved July 12, 2010.</ref>{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=16}} As part of the expansion of the mission system established in California by Spanish missionaries, Father Estévan Tapís founded Mission Santa Inés, now located near the center of Solvang, in order to relieve overcrowding at [[Mission Santa Barbara]] and [[Mission La Purísima Concepción]] since it was located midway between the two. It also served as a gateway to the Chumash Indians living east of the Coast Range.<ref name="mission2">[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/American_Latino_Heritage/Mission_Santa_Ines.html National Park Service], "Mission Santa Inés California". Retrieved September 16, 2014.</ref> After the [[Mexican War of Independence]], the Mexican Assembly passed the Secularization Laws which confiscated Mission lands, along with other property, and transferred them to the control of local ranchers, with Solvang being later founded on what became known as the [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]]. With secularization, Mission Santa Inés began to decline and the Chumash Indian population in the area along with it.<ref name="mission2"/> For a time, the mission was a [[seminary]] but soon began to deteriorate; it was repaired by the Donahue family in 1884 and renovated by Fr. Alexander Buckler in 1904.<ref name="mission1"/> ===Danish settlement=== Between 1865 and 1914, 300,000 Danes had immigrated to United States, some of which headed West into California.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=19}} Three men: Benedict Nordentoft, Jens Gregersen, Peder Hornsyld sought and found land to grow a Danish settlement.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=23}} Initially the settlement was like any other pioneer town in California.<ref name="PCH" /> In 1910, Danish-Americans created the Danish-American Colony Company in San Francisco. Later that year, suitable land was found in the Santa Ynez Valley northwest of Santa Barbara, and in 1911, they acquired almost {{convert|9000|acre|km2}} of the [[Rancho San Carlos de Jonata]] land grant, paying an average of $40 per acre.<ref name="syvguest.com">Pat Murphy,[http://www.syvguest.com/pastIssues/2004/spring/rememberwhen.html "Remember When?"], ''Santa Ynez Valley Guest Magazine'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181347/http://www.syvguest.com/pastIssues/2004/spring/rememberwhen.html |date=July 16, 2011 }}, Spring 2004. Retrieved July 13, 2010.</ref> Solvang was established in 1911{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=16}} for cultural, educational, and religious purposes.<ref name="PCH" /> A hotel was built close to the Mission where new arrivals could be housed, and a school opened in 1911, with 21 students.<ref name="kolding.dk"/><ref name="syvguest.com"/> ===Expansion and development=== [[File:Tivoli Square Solvang.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Tivoli Square, Solvang]] [[File:Solvang 8048.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Main Street, Solvang. Alisal Road]] In 1912, when it became difficult to sell any more plots of land, developers from Solvang travelled to [[Iowa]] and [[Nebraska]] to persuade Danish immigrants to buy land in the town. This attracted new settlers. The early settlement had a store, a bank, a lumber yard, a barbershop and a post office.<ref name="kolding.dk">[http://www.kolding.dk/pdf/20091111120327.pdf Rolf Buschardt Christensen, "Benedict Nordentoft".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201322/http://www.kolding.dk/pdf/20091111120327.pdf |date=July 18, 2011 }} {{in lang|da}} Retrieved July 12, 2010.</ref> During the 1920s, civic amenities such as electricity were installed in the town.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=109}} ===Folk high school=== In 1914, Atterdag College opened, named after [[Valdemar IV of Denmark]]. The school taught Danish-speaking students in their late teens a curriculum that emphasized lectures, singing, gymnastics, folk dancing and fellowship; teaching both Danish and American curriculum.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=44}} There were no examinations or degrees, and learning was mutual with teachers and students living, eating, and studying together.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=44}} Among the popular recreation and sports that were taught were folk dance and gymnastics.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=86,91}} During World War I, enrollment dropped due to reduced Danish immigration, and a rise in nationalism. The school was sold to the Solvang Lutheran church in 1921.<ref name="elverhoj"/><ref name="kolding.dk"/> Atterdag College continued to be used as a folk school, community meeting hall, performing arts venue, gymnastics center, summer school, and boarding house until it was demolished in 1970, and then replace by the Solvang Lutheran Home.<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Bethania "Bethania"], ''Everything.com''. Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> ===Danish church=== [[File:Solvang Bethania Lutheran Church.JPG|thumb|upright|200px|Bethania Lutheran Church]] The Bethania Evangelical Lutheran Church opened in 1928, designed as a Gothic-styled, 14th century rural Danish church.<ref>[http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/kunst/churces-and-cathedrals.htm#SubHeader3 "Churches and cathedrals"] ''VisitDenmark'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717215248/http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/kunst/churces-and-cathedrals.htm |date=July 17, 2011 }}. Retrieved August 7, 2010.</ref> Originally, the services were mainly in Danish, but are now in English.<ref>Sally Cappon,[http://www.syvnews.com/articles/2010/08/12/news/valley/news19.txt "Picturesque church honors traditions"], ''Santa Ynez Valley News''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref> ===Danish-styled architecture=== Initially, most of Solvang's buildings were built in the same style as others in the area.<ref name="Dale">{{Cite news|last=Dale|first=Judith|date=March 6, 2020|title=Judith Dale: 1920s Solvang - Becoming Danish Capital of America|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|url=https://syvnews.com/b/judith-dale-1920s-solvang---becoming-danish-capital-of-america/article_7e8ef804-48b7-5cda-966b-36d8ec665f91.html|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> The Lutheran church was the first to be based on Danish architecture and bears a close relationship to Danish equivalents. In 1931 [[Earl Petersen]], a local architect, gave the older buildings a new look, adding façades in so-called "Danish Provincial" style.<ref>Poul Husted,[https://archive.today/20120716004600/http://tgt.dk/guide/nordamerika/usa/californien/article67765.ece?page=1 "Er Solvang Danmark eller Disney?"], ''Turen går til''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved September 13, 2010.</ref><ref>David and Marlere Macbeth,[http://www.macbethrealestate.com/Solvang/page_2182786.html "Solvang — Danish-Inspired".] Retrieved September 13, 2010.</ref> It was a Danish medieval [[:nb:Bindingsverk|bindingsverk]] design.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=155-156}} The pioneer of the Danish Provincial style was Ferdinand Sorensen, originally from Nebraska. In the mid-1940s, after returning to Solvang from a trip to Denmark, he first completed Møllebakken, his Danish-styled home, and then went on to build the first of the village's four windmills. But after World War II, interest grew in the concept of a "Danish Village". Buildings in the half-timbered style of Danish rural houses proliferated, creating a new tourist attraction.<ref name="elverhoj"/> While much was done to create an "authentic" Danish atmosphere in the town center, it has been pointed out by Scandinavians that fake thatched roofs and artificial timbering are largely a result of local interests in general rather than those of the Danish immigrants themselves. The older buildings have simply been restyled to look Danish even if there was nothing Danish about them originally.<ref>Irene Berg Sørensen,[http://videnskab.dk/content/dk/kultur/det_rigtige_danmark_skuffer_i_solvang "Det rigtige Danmark skuffer i Solvang"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705184346/http://www.videnskab.dk/content/dk/kultur/det_rigtige_danmark_skuffer_i_solvang |date=July 5, 2009 }}, ''Videnskab.dk'', {{in lang|da}}. Retrieved September 18, 2010.</ref> ===Subsequent development=== During the 1920s, the proportion of non-Danish residents rose substantially and local businesses and churches began providing services in English, in addition to traditional Danish.<ref name="Dale"/> In the 1930s, Solvang became the largest town in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]] and a commercial hub for the local region.<ref name="Dale"/> By the late 1940s, Solvang's growth stagnated as the town's economic activity focused predominately on agriculture, prompting younger residents to leave in search of more diverse job opportunities.<ref name="Dale"/> In 1947, the town was featured in an article in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' entitled "Little Denmark", which praised Solvang's quaint rural charms and sparked a tourism boom prompting residents of Los Angeles and San Francisco to take weekend trips to Solvang.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=161}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hodgson|first=Mike|date=January 17, 2017|title=Saturday Evening Post article put Solvang on the map 70 years ago|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|url=https://syvnews.com/news/local/saturday-evening-post-article-put-solvang-on-the-map-70-years-ago/article_6834142a-0275-54d6-9eb5-3faefda732c3.html|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jennings |first=Dean |date=January 18, 1947 |title=Little Denmark |work=Saturday Evening Post |pages=29, 60–68}}</ref> Solvang subsequently developed a tourism industry focused on emphasizing the town's Danish heritage.<ref name="Dale"/> Up to the 1980s, all changes to downtown occurred without city government, mainly by businessmen and selling bonds.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=170-171}} In 1985, Solvang became incorporated as California's 440th city and afterwards made the town look uniformly with Danish-Provinvial style.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=172}} Numerous older buildings were demolished.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=176-177}} The 2004 film ''[[Sideways]]'' brought attention to the vineyards in the surrounding Santa Ynez Valley and tasting rooms have opened.{{r|ELA 2020-05-13}} Restaurants are also part of the revitalization of Solvang as it becomes a destination for locally sourced fare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pridgen |first=Andrew |date=September 24, 2022 |title=Could this small tourist town become the next Carmel? |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/can-solvang-become-next-carmel-17462507.php |access-date=September 24, 2022 |work=SFGate |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Geography== Solvang is located in the [[Santa Ynez Valley]] some {{convert|46|mi|km}} north-west of [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] and about {{convert|15|mi|km}} north of the Pacific coast. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.4|sqmi|km2}}, 99.95% of it land and 0.05% of it water. ===Climate=== Solvang enjoys sunshine throughout the year with clear, warm days and cool nights. Average temperatures vary between {{convert|52|and|72|F|C}} with highs reaching the lower 90s °F (lower 30s °C) and winter lows in the upper 30s °F (below {{convert|5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. Furthermore, Solvang experiences large [[Diurnal air temperature variation|diurnal temperature variations]], especially in the summer, when daily temperatures vary on average by almost {{convert|40|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. Average annual rainfall for Solvang (recorded between 1964 and 2010) is {{convert|19.31|in|mm}}.<ref>[http://www.countyofsb.org/pwd/water/downloads/hydro/393mdd.pdf. "Official Monthly and Yearly Rainfall Record, Solvang City Water District"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716142913/http://www.countyofsb.org/pwd/water/downloads/hydro/393mdd.pdf. |date=July 16, 2011 }}, ''Santa Barbara County - Flood Control District''. Retrieved October 18, 2010.</ref> Solvang is {{convert|140|mi|km}} northwest of [[Los Angeles]].<ref>Bernbaum, Brian. "[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-odd-truth-may-27-2003/ Michael Jackson Loves Taco Bell]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160128074144/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-odd-truth-may-27-2003/ Archive]). May 28, 2003. Retrieved on December 31, 2015.</ref> {{Weather box | location = Solvang, California | single line = y <!-- Record high temperatures --> | Jan record high F = 88 | Feb record high F = 92 | Mar record high F = 95 | Apr record high F = 105 | May record high F = 104 | Jun record high F = 113 | Jul record high F = 112 | Aug record high F = 112 | Sep record high F = 115 | Oct record high F = 110 | Nov record high F = 100 | Dec record high F = 94 | year record high F = 115 <!-- Average high temperatures --> | Jan high F = 65.3 | Feb high F = 66.7 | Mar high F = 68.8 | Apr high F = 72.9 | May high F = 77.5 | Jun high F = 83.8 | Jul high F = 90.6 | Aug high F = 91.0 | Sep high F = 88.1 | Oct high F = 82.1 | Nov high F = 73.2 | Dec high F = 66.3 | year high F = 77.2 <!-- Mean daily temperature --> | Jan mean F = 52 | Feb mean F = 53.5 | Mar mean F = 55.3 | Apr mean F = 58.2 | May mean F = 62.1 | Jun mean F = 66.6 | Jul mean F = 71.3 | Aug mean F = 71.6 | Sep mean F = 69.8 | Oct mean F = 65.0 | Nov mean F = 58.0 | Dec mean F = 52.5 | year mean F = 61.3 <!-- Average low temperatures --> | Jan low F = 38.6 | Feb low F = 40.3 | Mar low F = 41.8 | Apr low F = 43.4 | May low F = 46.8 | Jun low F = 49.3 | Jul low F = 52.1 | Aug low F = 52.2 | Sep low F = 51.4 | Oct low F = 48.0 | Nov low F = 42.8 | Dec low F = 38.6 | year low F = 45.4 <!-- Record low temperatures --> | Jan record low F = 20 | Feb record low F = 22 | Mar record low F = 25 | Apr record low F = 27 | May record low F = 31 | Jun record low F = 32 | Jul record low F = 36 | Aug record low F = 34 | Sep record low F = 34 | Oct record low F = 27 | Nov record low F = 25 | Dec record low F = 16 | year record low F = 16 <!-- Total precipitation --> | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 4.4 | Feb precipitation inch = 4.7 | Mar precipitation inch = 3.5 | Apr precipitation inch = 1.5 | May precipitation inch = 0.4 | Jun precipitation inch = 0.0 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.0 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.0 | Sep precipitation inch = 0.2 | Oct precipitation inch = 0.7 | Nov precipitation inch = 1.9 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.1 | year precipitation inch = 20.5 <!-- Average number of precipitation days --> | Jan precipitation days = 7 | Feb precipitation days = 7 | Mar precipitation days = 7 | Apr precipitation days = 4 | May precipitation days = 2 | Jun precipitation days = 0 | Jul precipitation days = 0 | Aug precipitation days = 0 | Sep precipitation days = 1 | Oct precipitation days = 2 | Nov precipitation days = 4 | Dec precipitation days = 6 | year precipitation days = 40 | source = <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=352140&cityname=Solvang-California-United-States-of-America|title= Solvang, California|publisher= Weatherbase|access-date=May 3, 2022 }}</ref> }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1960= 1325 |1970= 2004 |1980= 3091 |1990= 4741 |2000= 5332 |2010= 5245 |2020= 6126 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> }} ===2010=== The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672576|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033236/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0672576|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Solvang city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Solvang had a population of 5,245. The population density was {{convert|2,161.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Solvang was 4,326 (82.5%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 38 (0.7%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 59 (1.1%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 72 (1.4%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1 (0.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 611 (11.6%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 138 (2.6%) from two or more races. There were 1,530 [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents, of any race (29.2%). The Census reported that 5,190 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 52 (1.0%) were institutionalized. There were 2,173 households, out of which 611 (28.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,081 (49.7%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 183 (8.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 121 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 120 (5.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 18 (0.8%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 636 households (29.3%) were made up of individuals, and 303 (13.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39. There were 1,385 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (63.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.97. There were 1,094 residents (20.9%) under the age of 18, 384 (7.3%) aged 18 to 24, 1,142 (21.8%) 25 to 44, 1,530 (29.2%) 45 to 64, and 1,095 residents (20.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males. There were 2,485 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,024.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}, of which 1,257 (57.8%) were owner-occupied, and 916 (42.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.9%. 2,872 people (54.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,318 people (44.2%) lived in rental housing units. ===2000=== As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 5,332 people, 2,185 households, and 1,415 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,143.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,288 housing units at an average density of {{convert|919.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.24% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.43% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.66% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.05% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.51% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.07% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents of any race were 19.86% of the population. There were 2,185 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96. In the city, 21.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $45,799, and the median income for a family was $57,703. Males had a median income of $41,429 versus $30,175 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $25,363. About 2.7% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over. ==Economy== ===Top employers=== According to Solvang's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>https://www.cityofsolvang.com/DocumentCenter/View/2751/FY-2019-20-City-of-Solvang-Comprehensive-Annual-Financial-Report-CAFR {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> the top employers in the city were: {| class="wikitable" |- ! # ! Employer ! # of employees |- | 1 | [[Rancho Nojoqui|The Alisal Guest Ranch & Resort]] |331 |- |2 | Atterdag Village (formerly Solvang Lutheran Home) |174 |- |3 | New Frontiers Market |103 |- |4 | [[Santa Ynez Valley Cottage Hospital]] |93 |- |5 | Solvang Unified School District |64 |- |6 | Valley Fresh Market |62 |- |7 | Landsby Hotel |58 |- |8 | [[Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians|Corque Hotel]] |35 |- |9 | Nielsen Building Materials |27 |} ==Arts and culture== ===Tourism=== Solvang is a tourist attraction with over one million visitors per year.<ref>[http://www.solvangusa.com/about-solvang/ "About Solvang"], ''Solvang and the Santa Ynez Valley''. Retrieved September 18, 2010.</ref> Tourists were initially attracted to Solvang by the visit of Denmark's [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Prince Frederik]] in April 1939.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lauridson |first=Dorothy |date=April 16, 1939 |title=Reception in Solvang |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-maria-times-prince-frederik-in-sol/159935496/ |work=Salinas Morning Post |pages=7}}</ref> But it was in 1947, following a feature article in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', that they began to flock to the town. Sights include the Danish windmills, the statues of Hans Christian Andersen and ''The Little Mermaid'' replica, the half-timbered houses, the Danish rural church, the [[Rundetårn|Round Tower]] as well as Danish music and folk dancing. Several restaurants and pastry shops serve Danish specialities.<ref name="elverhoj"/> A replica of a 19th-century Danish streetcar, the horse-drawn ''Hønen'' ("the hen"), takes visitors on sightseeing tours around downtown Solvang.<ref>{{cite web|title=Solvang Trolley - Horse Trolley|url=https://www.solvangtrolley.com/horse-trolley|access-date=December 6, 2017}}</ref> Partly as a result of the 2004 film ''[[Sideways]]'', which was set in the surrounding Santa Ynez Valley,<ref>Allyssa Lee,[http://insidemovies.moviefone.com/2010/05/14/famous-movie-locations-sideways-santa-ynez-valley-ca/ "Famous Movie Locations:''My Moms Houseee'', The 'Sideways' Tour (Santa Ynez Valley, CA)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915060923/http://insidemovies.moviefone.com/2010/05/14/famous-movie-locations-sideways-santa-ynez-valley-ca/ |date=September 15, 2010 }}, ''Inside Movies''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> the number of wine-related businesses in Solvang has increased, attracting [[Oenophilia|oenophiles]] to the downtown area.<ref name="ELA 2020-05-13">{{Cite news|title=Could California's Central Coast Lead the Way For the Future of Local Food Tourism?|url=https://la.eater.com/2020/5/13/21243163/california-wine-central-coast-santa-barbara|last=Elliott|first=Farley|date=May 13, 2020|work=Eater LA|language=en|access-date=May 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>[http://www.intownlive.com/california/solvang/wine.aspx "Solvang Wine"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312060511/http://www.intownlive.com/california/solvang/wine.aspx |date=March 12, 2010 }} ''In Town Live''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> ===Museums=== *The Elverhøj Museum, named after a Danish play from 1928 named Elverhøj,<ref name="elverhoj" /> housed in the former residence of artist Viggo Brandt-Erichsen, is devoted to preserving the Danish heritage of Solvang with its Danish-American pioneer spirit. The building which was completed in 1950 is inspired by the 18th-century farmhouses of northern [[Jutland]]. After extensive renovation, the museum opened to the public in May 1988.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/about.html "About the Elverhøj Museum of History and Art".] Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> The cottage in the garden houses a [[diorama]] of scale models depicting Solvang in the 1920s.<ref>Sherrie Petersen,[http://www.orato.com/travel/museums-the-santa-ynez-valley "Museums in the Santa Ynez Valley"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718062252/http://www.orato.com/travel/museums-the-santa-ynez-valley |date=July 18, 2011 }} ''Orato'', June 9, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2010.</ref> From January to April 2011, the museum was hosting an exhibition entitled "Spirit of Solvang" consisting of a series of old black-and-white photographs of the village enhanced by local resident Paul Roark.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/exhibits.html "Spirit of Solvang" Exhibit 9 January – 10 April"], ''Elverhøj Museum of Art and History''. Retrieved January 8, 2011.</ref> *The [[Hans Christian Andersen]] Museum, located above The Book Loft, is devoted to presenting the author's life and works. Displays include models of Andersen's [[Hans Christian Andersen#Childhood|childhood home]] and of "[[The Princess and the Pea]]". The museum also contains hundreds of volumes of Andersen's works, including many illustrated first editions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solvangca.com/museum/h1.htm|title=The Hans Christian Andersen Museum|website=SolvangCA.com|access-date=September 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129150511/http://solvangca.com/museum/h1.htm|archive-date=November 29, 2010}}</ref> *The [[Solvang Vintage Motorcycle Museum|Vintage Motorcycle Museum]] displays machines from the private collection of Virgil Elings, a veteran motocross and road racer. While there is an emphasis on vintage racing bikes, the collection is quite broad and ranges from 1910 to the present.<ref>[http://www.motosolvang.com/ "Solvang Vintage Motorcycle Museum".] Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> ===Danish Days=== [[File:Solvang Danish costumes.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Imitation Danish costumes on sale in Solvang]] Since 1936 Solvang has celebrated Danish folk traditions at its annual "Danish Days" event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schlepp |first=Travis |date=September 7, 2023 |title=California town prepares for annual celebration of all things Denmark |url=https://ktla.com/news/california/california-town-prepares-for-annual-celebration-of-all-things-denmark/ |access-date=September 10, 2023 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref> The first time it was celebrated was June 5, [[Grundlovsdag]] (Demark's Constitution Day), in 1936; and it included parades, folk dancing, gymnastics, theater, concerts, and street dancing.{{sfn|Dittmer|Bates|2020|pp=133}} Led by a "Danish Maid", the program consists of ''[[æbleskiver]]'' eating competitions, music, dancing, and processions through the downtown area with floats, marching groups, marching bands, folk dancers and singers. A Danish Days breakfast on Sunday morning features ''[[medisterpølse]]r'', a spiced pork sausage recipe of Danish origins, and ''[[æbleskiver]]''.<ref>[http://www.syvnews.com/articles/2010/09/14/news/news02.txt "Danish Days filled with fun and history"], ''Santa Ynez Valley News''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> ===Festival Theater=== The 700-seat open-air Festival Theater was built in 1974 following the success of a makeshift performance of ''[[Hamlet]]'' in 1971 in the town park. Strong support from the local business community, Donovan Marley (director of the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts), and Earl Petersen (a local architect), allowed the structure to be completed in record time.<ref>Sherrie Petersen,[http://www.insidesantaynezvalley.com/featureOne.html "Theater Under the Stars"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040554/http://www.insidesantaynezvalley.com/featureOne.html |date=July 13, 2011 }}, ''Santa Ynez Valley Guest''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref> Recent productions have included ''[[West Side Story]]'' and ''[[Les Misérables (musical)|Les Misérables]]''. The style of the exterior is reminiscent of both Danish and Elizabethan architecture.<ref>[http://solvangtheaterfest.org/aboutus.html "A Theater"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724195737/http://www.solvangtheaterfest.org/aboutus.html |date=July 24, 2010 }}, ''Solvang Theaterfest''. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref> ===Royal visits=== On April 7, 1939, Danish [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik]] and [[Ingrid of Sweden|Princess Ingrid]] visited Solvang; at the time, a large number of the town's 400 residents were Danish immigrants. They drove through the grounds of Atterdag College and attended a Good Friday service at Bethania Church. The crown prince spoke of their reception favorably: "To find out traditions in our fatherland in new surroundings makes them only more beloved to us. We have been bathed in sunlight ever since we began this memorable day and now we have driven into a bit of Denmark tucked into this beautiful California."{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} On June 5, 1960, [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Princess Margrethe of Denmark]] paid a visit which included a reception at Palacio del Rio, lunch at Bethania Church and a tour of downtown Solvang. She returned on May 23, 1976, as Queen of Denmark together with her husband, [[Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark|Prince Henrik]]. After a formal luncheon in the Parish Hall, the couple visited Bethania Church and the Solvang Lutheran Home before greeting residents on Copenhagen Drive. Shortly after her visit, the queen awarded Solvang developer Ferdinand Sorensen the [[Order of the Dannebrog]] for strengthening ties between the United States and Denmark.<ref>[http://www.elverhoj.org/history.html "History of Solvang"] ''Elverhøj Museum'' Retrieved September 12, 2010. Additional details from panels in Elverhøj Museum in September 2010.</ref><ref>William P. Jones,[http://www.dkmuseum.org/fhgc/documents/Danish-American_medals1.pdf "North American Medal Recipient Index (Being a nominal roll of known Americans and Canadians bestowed the Order of Dannebrog and other royal Scandinavian medals)".] Retrieved September 17, 2010.</ref> During Solvang's centennial celebrations in 2011, the city was visited by [[Friis Arne Petersen]], the Danish ambassador to the United States, and by [[Prince Henrik of Denmark]].<ref>[http://www.newspress.com/"Danish ambassador makes stop in Solvang", ''Santa Barbara News Press''], July 12, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://solvang100.com/events.htm "Solvang Centennial 2011 Calendar"], ''Solvang Centennial''. Retrieved May 26, 2011.</ref> ==Parks and recreation== ===Bicycling=== Solvang is a popular destination for bicyclists, and has been featured as a race location on the [[Tour of California]]. The surrounding countryside and variable terrain provide a variety of conditions useful for training. Two annual amateur bicycling events are held in Solvang: the Solvang Century (held in March) and the Solvang Prelude (held in November).<ref>[http://www.solvangusa.com/includes/docs/~prSolvangCyclingMecca7-23-08%20_2_.pdf "Solvang: A World-Class Cycling Mecca"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104158/http://www.solvangusa.com/includes/docs/~prSolvangCyclingMecca7-23-08%20_2_.pdf |date=July 16, 2011 }} ''Solvang Conference and Visitors Bureau''. Retrieved September 21, 2010.</ref> The [[Tour of California]] cycle race has had [[time trial]] stages in Solvang on four occasions; [[2007 Tour of California|2007]], [[2008 Tour of California|2008]], [[2009 Tour of California|2009]] and [[2011 Tour of California|2011]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourofcalifornia-solvang.com/ |title=Tour of California Solvang |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322110012/http://www.tourofcalifornia-solvang.com/ |archive-date=March 22, 2019 }}</ref> ==Media== ===Filming location=== *Solvang was one of the two locations featured in the [[William Castle]] film, ''[[Homicidal]]'' (1961). The location used for the drugstore and flowershop still stands today and remains relatively unchanged. *Parts of the horror film ''[[The Unseen (1980 film)|The Unseen]]'' (1980) were filmed in Solvang along or near Mission Drive, with particular use made of the Bit O' Denmark Restaurant and the Solvang Gardens Lodge, which was known as the Solvang Gaard Lodge at the time of filming. *Much of the Oscar-winning film ''[[Sideways]]'' (2004) was filmed in Solvang and in nearby [[Buellton]].<ref> Finn-Olaf Jones,[http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/travel/04journeys.html "The Danish Soul of That Town in 'Sideways'"], ''The New York Times'', June 4, 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> *Much of the [[Netflix]] film ''[[Paddleton]]'' (2019) takes place in Solvang. *Season 3 episode 9 of USA Network's [[Psych]], entitled "Christmas Joy" (aired 2008) features scenes shot in Solvang. The series takes place mostly in nearby Santa Barbara. *The Lifetime film ''A Very Charming Christmas Town'' (2020) written and directed by [[Jake Helgren]] takes place almost entirely in Solvang, who centered his entire script around the history of the town. ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== [[California State Route 246|State Route 246]] runs through Solvang as [[Mission Drive (Santa Barbara County)|Mission Drive]], connecting [[Buellton, California|Buellton]] and [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] to the west, and [[Santa Ynez, California|Santa Ynez]] and [[California State Route 154|Highway 154]] to the east. Although most of Solvang's visitors arrive by car, there are three [[Amtrak Thruway]] bus connections per day for those arriving at [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] by rail.<ref>https://www.pacificsurfliner.com/plan-your-trip/connections/bus-connections/</ref> The [[Santa Ynez Valley Transit]] bus service connects Buellton, Solvang, Santa Ynez, and Los Olivos. The [[Clean Air Express]] now connects Solvang and Buellton to Goleta and Santa Barbara.<ref>[http://cleanairexpress.com/default.htm "Clean Air Express"]. Retrieved September 9, 2011.</ref> The nearby [[Santa Ynez Airport]] caters to [[general aviation]].<ref>[http://santaynezairport.com/ "Santa Ynez Airport"]. Retrieved September 21, 2010.</ref> ===Public safety=== The [[Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Office]] has a sub station in Solvang, while the Solvang Volunteer Fire Department was disbanded in April 2007 and replaced with a contract from the [[Santa Barbara County Fire Department]]. ==Notable people== *[[Greta Andersen]], Danish-American swimmer, lived in Solvang from 2017 to her death in 2023. *[[Kenny Baker (American performer)|Kenny Baker]], singer and actor, resided and died in Solvang. *[[Al Gionfriddo]], outfielder and hero for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] in the [[1947 World Series]], resided and died in Solvang. *[[Patricia Hitchcock]], actress and only child of film director [[Alfred Hitchcock]], resided in Solvang. *Ska-punk band [[Mad Caddies]] calls Solvang its home. *Beach volleyball Olympic gold medalist [[Todd Rogers]] lives in Solvang with his family. *Professional cyclist [[Alison Tetrick]] was born in Solvang.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legacy.usacycling.org/news/user/story.php?id=6198|title=Alison Tetrick - USA Cycling|website=legacy.usacycling.org|access-date=April 16, 2019}}</ref> *[[Stephanie Zimbalist]] lives part-time in the valley where she has a house inherited from her late father [[Efrem Zimbalist Jr.]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Norbom|first1=Mary Ann|title=Stephanie Zimbalist to narrate Solvang Nativity Pageant|url=http://syvnews.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/stephanie-zimbalist-to-narrate-solvang-nativity-pageant/article_975684d0-3b1f-56dc-9acc-125935d94ba8.html|access-date=December 4, 2017|work=Santa Ynez Valley News|date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> *Serial killer [[Thor Christiansen|Thor Nis Christiansen]] lived in Solvang from age 5 until his late teens. ==Sister city== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United States}} *{{Flag|Denmark}}, [[Aalborg]], since 1971.<ref name="Aalborg twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|title=Aalborg Twin Towns|work=Europeprize.net|access-date=August 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907145357/http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|archive-date=September 7, 2013}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Benedict Nordentoft]], the co-founder of Solvang *[[Danish Americans]] *[[Kingsburg, California|Kingsburg]], a "Swedish village" in Fresno County, California * [[Helen, Georgia]] *[[Leavenworth, Washington]], a Bavarian theme town developed with assistance from Solvang.<ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm/printer_friendly/_content/study_aids//index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9475 "Leavenworth — Thumbnail History"], HistoryLink.org. Retrieved September 9, 2010.</ref> * [[Frankenmuth, Michigan]] * [[Little Portugal, San Jose]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== * ''Bethania Evangelical Lutheran Church, Our First 75 Years 1912–1987'', Solvang, 1987. * William Etling, ''Sideways in Neverland: Life in the Santa Ynez Valley, California'', iUniverse, Inc., 2005, 328 pages. {{ISBN|978-0-595-36190-8}} * Joanne Rife, ''Solvang. Denmark in the USA'', The Book Loft, Solvang, 1975. * {{cite book |last1=Dittmer |first1=Ann |last2=Bates |first2=Esther Jacobsen |title=The Spirit of Solvang: A History of the Danish Capital of America |date=2020 |publisher=M27 Editions LLC |isbn=9780996863551}} ==External links== {{commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Solvang}} *[https://www.cityofsolvang.com/ Official website] *[https://solvangusa.com/ Solvang Conference & Visitors Bureau] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122457/http://solvangca.com/ Solvang, CA] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150203085031/http://www.maintour.com/socal/solvang.htm Activities to do in Solvang] {{Geographic Location | Centre = Solvang | North = | Northeast =[[Ballard, California|Ballard]] | East =[[Santa Ynez, California|Santa Ynez]] | Southeast = | South = | Southwest = | West = | Northwest =[[Buellton, California|Buellton]] }} {{Santa Barbara County, California}} {{Santa Ynez River}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Solvang, California| ]] [[Category:1911 establishments in California]] [[Category:1985 establishments in California]] [[Category:Cities in Santa Barbara County, California]] [[Category:Danish-American culture in California]] [[Category:Danish-American culture]] [[Category:Danish-American history]] [[Category:History of Santa Barbara County, California]] [[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1911]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1985]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Santa Barbara County, California]]
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