Editing Sinmara

{{Short description|Giantess, usually considered a consort to the fiery jötunn Surtr.}}
[[File:Sinmara.jpg|300px|thumb|''Sinmara'' (1893) by [[Jenny Nyström]]]]
In [[Norse mythology]], '''Sinmara''' is a ''[[gýgr]]'' (giantess), usually considered a consort to the fiery ''[[jötunn]]'' [[Surtr]], the lord of [[Muspelheim]], but wife of [[Mimir]]. Sinmara is attested solely in the poem ''[[Fjölsvinnsmál]]'', where she is mentioned alongside Surtr in one (emended) stanza, and described as keeper of the legendary weapon [[Lævateinn]] in a later passage. Assorted theories have been proposed about the [[etymology]] of her name, and her connection with other figures in Norse mythology.

==Etymology==

===Nightmare===
The etymology of the name ''Sinmara'' is obscure. However, the name has been associated with the [[nightmare]]/[[succubus]] spirit (''[[Mara (folklore)|mara]]'') of folklore since [[Árni Magnússon]] (Magnæus)'s  ''[[Poetic Edda]]'' (1787-1828). The "-mara" ending is thought cognate with ''mara'' or "night-mare".<ref name="Magnaeus_ed_gloss">{{harvp|Magnæus|1828}}. {{URL|1=https://books.google.com/books?id=e04_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA696 |2='''3''': 696–697}}. Sinmara is described as ''nervis {{linktext|illustris}}'' and lists the cognates {{langx|ang|Mære}}, {{langx|sv|Mara}}, {{langx|da|Mare}}, {{langx|de|Nacht-Mär}}, [[Flemish dialects|Flemish]]: ''Nacht-Maer'', Night-Mare</ref><ref name="Magnaeus-ed">{{harvp|Magnæus|1828}} '''1''':295 glosses Sinmara's name as '{{lang|la|{{linktext|nervis| illustrem}}}}'.</ref> The initial ''sin-'' element is here identified as meaning "sinew" or rather "nerves", so that the total phrase comes out as "nervous (or nerve-afflicting) nightmare".<ref name="Magnaeus_ed_gloss"/> Árni's edition also explained Sinmara to be a sort of "night fury" ({{langx|la|furia nocturna}}).<ref name="Magnaeus_ed_gloss"/>

{{interlanguage link|Johannes Henrik Tauber Fibiger|fi||sv|lt=J. Fibiger}} also embraced the interpretation half-way, stating the name meant "the great [night]mare", where the ''Sin''- meaning great can be compared to [[Old High German]] ''sinfluth'' or ''sinvlout'' 'great flood'.{{sfnp|Fibiger|1854|p=20}}

Adolfo Zavaroni and Emilia Reggio suggest the interpretation "Perpetual-[[incubus]]".{{sfnp|Zavaroni|Emilia|2006|p=72}}{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|The ''sin''- element is here theorized as being the same as in the male name ''Sinwara'', found in a [[Runic alphabet|runic inscription]] on the "Næsbjerg brooch" from [[Denmark]], [[Old High German]] ''sin-vlout'' "great flood", [[Old English]] ''sin-niht(e)'' and [[Old Saxon]] ''sin-nahti'' "eternal night", and [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''sin-teins'' "daily".{{sfnp|Zavaroni|Emilia|2006|p=72}}}}

It has also been proposed that the ''sin-'' element may refer to ''sindr'' ([[Old Norse]] "cinders").<ref name=GUTENBRUNNER1940>{{harvp|Simek|2007|p=285}} citing {{harvp|Gutenbrunner|1940|p=17}}.</ref> This is consistent with the attestation in the poem ''Fjölsvinnsmál'' that she is ''hin fölva gýgr'' ("the pale giantess",{{sfnp|Thorpe|1907|p=99}} or perhaps "ashes-coloured giantess").<ref name="rydberg-ashes"/> [[Rudolf Simek]], while assessing that ''sin'' cannot be related to the term ''sindr'', states this would equal a "meaningful interpretation in regard to the colour"; he theorizes that a more likely interpretation is "the pale (night-)mare", noting that this would fit the wife of a fire jötunn.{{sfnp|Simek|2007|p=285}}

=== Sinew-maimer ===

[[Viktor Rydberg]] proposed that the name ''Sinmara'' is composed of  ''sin'', meaning "sinew", and ''mara'', meaning  "the one that maims", noting that ''mara'' is related to the [[verb]] ''merja'' (citing [[Guðbrandur Vigfússon]]'s dictionary{{efn|While Anderson's English translation of Rydberg's ''Teutonic Mythology'' gives the word "maim" and cites Gudbrand Vigfusson's ''Icelandic-English Dictionary'' (1874), the dictionary has "to bruise, crush" in its entry for ''Merja'' on page 424.}}), Rydberg concludes that the name ''Sinmara'' thus means "the one who maims by doing violence to the sinews," thus identifying her as Nidhad's wife, who orders Völund's sinews cut to prevent his escape, in the eddic poem ''[[Völundarkviða]]''.<ref name=RYDBERG518>Rydberg (2004:518) = Rydberg Vol. 2 (1907:518)</ref>

==''Fjölsvinnsmál''==

Sinmara is solely attested in the [[Eddaic poems|Eddaic poem]] ''[[Fjölsvinnsmál]]''.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} The poem refers to her as a pale giantess (''[[gýgr]]''),{{sfnp|Thorpe|1907|p=99}}<ref>{{harvp|Larrington|2014}}, "The Sayings of Fiolsvinn" str. 29.</ref> so she is "probably a giantess".<ref>{{harvp|Larrington|2014}}, "The Sayings of Fiolsvinn". [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOL2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT396 note to str. 24] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055046/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOL2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT396#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2024-05-01 }}</ref>{{Refn|"''Sinmara''.. furia {{linktext|gigantea}} allegoricae"<ref name="Magnaeus_ed_gloss"/>}}

The poem ''Fjölsvinnsmál'' is a bridal quest, in which [[Svipdagr]] eventually gains entry to the mansion that houses his would-be bride Menglöð. Svipdagr (under the pseudonym Vindkaldr) poses questions to the watchman Fjölsviðr ("Much Wise"{{sfnp|Bellows|1923|p=239}}) and gathers intelligence about the mansion. He gleans the fact that the guard-hounds of the mansion can only be distracted by the meat of the rooster [[Víðófnir]]. This is where Sinmara figures, as the keeper of [[Lævateinn]], the only weapon capable of slaying the rooster:

{{Verse translation|lang=non |attr1=Hildebrand et al. edition |attr2=[[Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)|Henry Adams Bellows]] translation
|
Fjǫsviþr kvaþ:
'Lǽvateinn heitir, &nbsp; es gørþi Loptr rúnum
fyr nágrindr neþan;
Í Lǽgjarns keri &nbsp; liggr hjá Sinmǫru,
ok halda njarþlásar niu.'<ref>{{harvp|Hildebrand|Gering|Möbius|1904}}, "{{lang|non|Fjǫlsvinnsmǭl}}" strophe 26, {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/dieliederderlte01mbgoog/page/n230/mode/2up|2=p. 205}}</ref>
|
''Fjolsvith spake:''
"Lævatein{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|"Hævatein[n]" in original mss. reading; cf. {{harvp|Magnæus|1787|p=295}} and {{harvp|Thorpe|1907}} str. 26–27, pp. 98–99.}} is there, that [[Loki|Lopt]] with [[Runic alphabet|runes]]
Once made by the doors of death;
In Lægjarn's chest{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Printed as ''saeg iárnkeri'' in {{harvp|Magnæus|1787|p=295}} and rendered as "an iron chest" in {{harvp|Thorpe|1907|pp=96–97}}. However, Bellows (1923:246-7) explained as ''sæ-gjarn'' "Sea-lover" emended by Falk to ''Lægjarn'' "Lover of Ill," an epithet of Loki.}}
by Sinmora lies it,
And nine locks fasten it firm."<ref name=BELLOWS245>{{harvp|Bellows|1923}}. "Svipdagsmol (II Fjolsvinnsmol)" strophe 42, {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/poeticedda00belluoft/page/244/mode/2up|2=p. 245}} Bellows contiguously numbered the strophes carried over from ''[[Grógaldr]],'' hence his ''Fjölsvinnsmál'' begins at strophe 17)</ref>
<!--
:<small>[[Benjamin Thorpe]] translation:</small>
:''Vindkald.''
:Tell me, Fiölsvith! etc.
:whether there be any weapon,
:before which Vidofnir may
:fall to [[Hel (being)|Hel]]'s abode?

:''Fiolsvith.''
:Hævatein the twig is named, and [[Lopt]] plucked it,
:down by the gate of Death.
:In an iron chest it lies with Sinmœra,
:and is with [[Numbers in Germanic paganism|nine strong locks]] secured.<ref>{{harvp|Thorpe|1907}} "The Lay of Fiolsvith" str. 26–27. pp. 98–99}}
-->
}}

That Sinmara will only award the weapon to one who brings her the tail feather of the rooster creates an insurmountable [[paradox]] to obtaining it. Fjölsviðr insinuates that a man may succeed in obtaining the weapon [[Lævateinn]] if a man carries a certain hard-to-obtain item to Sinmora (here she is referred to as ''eir aurglasis'' or "the goddess of gold").<ref>{{harvp|Hildebrand|Gering|Möbius|1904}}, strophe 27. p. 205.</ref><ref>{{harvp|Bellows|1923}}, strophe 44. p. 246.</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">{{harvp|Rydberg|1889|p=519}} gives "the dis of the shining arm-ring".</ref> Svipdag in turn inquires what treasure it is that would so delight Sinmara (''fǫlva gýgr'' or "the giantess pale").<ref>{{harvp|Hildebrand|Gering|Möbius|1904}}, strophe 28. p. 205.</ref><ref>{{harvp|Bellows|1923}}, strophe 45. p. 246.</ref>{{Refn|name="rydberg-ashes"|Or "the ashes-coloured giantess".{{harvp|Rydberg|1889|p=519}}}}  Fjölsviðr then replies Svipdagr must bring the "bright [[sickle]]" to Sinmara, and then she will give Lævateinn to Svipdagr:

{{Verse translation|lang=non |attr1=Hildebrand et al. edition |attr2=Henry Adams Bellows translation
|
Fjǫsviþr kvaþ:
'Ljósan lea &nbsp; skaltu í lúþr bera
þanns liggr í Viþofnis vǫlum,
Sinmǫru at selja, &nbsp; áþr hón sǫm telisk
vápn til vígs at lea.'<ref>{{harvp|Hildebrand|Gering|Möbius|1904}}, "{{lang|non|Fjǫlsvinnsmǭl}}" strophe 30, {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/dieliederderlte01mbgoog/page/n232/mode/2up|2=p. 206}}</ref>
|
:''Fjolsvith spake:''
:"The sickle bright in thy wallet bear,
:Mid Vithofnir's feathers found;
:To Sinmora give it, and then shall she grant
:That the weapon by thee be won."<ref name=BELLOWS247>{{harvp|Bellows|1923}}. "Svipdagsmol (II Fjolsvinnsmol)" strophe 46, {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/poeticedda00belluoft/page/246/mode/2up|2=p. 247}}</ref>
<!--
:''Fiolsvith.''
:The bright sickle that lies in Vidofnir's wings,
:thou in a bag shalt bear,
:and to Sinmœra give,
:before she will think fit to lend and arm for conflict.<ref>{{harvp|Thorpe|1907}} "The Lay of Fiolsvith" str. 31. p. 99</ref>
-->
}}

Sinmara has so far been mentioned twice explicitly, and twice by periphrases. In certain editions and translations, she is mentioned explicitly a third time as a product of emendation (in an earlier strophe than quoted above).  Thus in the modified readings of certain editions and in Bellows' translation, [[Fjölsviðr]] names Sinmara and Surtr together, and says that the two are endangered by the rooster [[Víðópnir]] that sits atop the tree [[Mímameiðr]]:

{{Verse translation|lang=non |attr1=Hildebrand et al. edition |attr2=[[Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)|Henry Adams Bellows]] translation
|
 Fjǫsviþr kvaþ:
'Viþofnir heitir, &nbsp; en hann stendr veþrglasi
á meiþs kvistum Mima:
einum ekka &nbsp; þryngr hann ørófsaman
''Surt ok Sinmǫru''.'<ref>{{harvp|Hildebrand|Gering|Möbius|1904}}, "{{lang|non|Fjǫlsvinnsmǭl}}" strophe 18, {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/dieliederderlte01mbgoog/page/n228/mode/2up|2=p. 202}}</ref>
|
''Fjolsvith spake:''
"[[Víðópnir|Vithofnir]] his name, and now he shines
Like lightning on [[Mímameiðr|Mimameith]]'s limbs;
And great is the trouble with which he grieves
Both Surt and Sinmora."<ref name=BELLOWS243>{{harvp|Bellows|1923}}. "Svipdagsmol (II Fjolsvinnsmol)" strophe 34 and note. {{URL|1=https://archive.org/details/poeticedda00belluoft/page/242/mode/2up|2=p. 243}}.</ref>
}}

However the original reading of this same strophe does not give mention of Sinmara:

{{Verse translation|lang=non |attr1=Árni Magnússon edition, 1787 |attr2=[[Benjamin Thorpe]] translation
|
Fjösviþr qvaþ:
'Viþofnir han heitir; &nbsp; En hann stendr veþr-glasi
á Meiþs kvistvm Míma:
einum ecka &nbsp; þrúngr han ó-rof saman
Svrtr sinn mavtv.'<ref>{{harvp|Magnæus|1787}}. "Fiöl-svinns mál" strophe XXV. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BU4_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA293 '''1''': 293–294] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055226/https://books.google.com/books?id=BU4_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA293#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2024-05-01 }}</ref>
|
''Fiolsvith.''
Vidofnir he is called; in the clear air he stands,
in the boughs of Mima's tree:
afflictions only bring together indissoluble,
the swart bird at his lonely meal.<ref>{{harvp|Thorpe|1907}} "The Lay of Fiolsvith" str. 25. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KOk5L601x0YC&pg=PA98 p. 98] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408025814/https://books.google.com/books?id=KOk5L601x0YC&pg=PA98 |date=2023-04-08 }}.</ref>
}}

==Theories==

[[Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)|Henry Adams Bellows]] comments that Sinmara is "presumably Surt's wife".{{sfnp|Bellows|1923|p=243}} In the theories of [[Viktor Rydberg]], Sinmara is the wife of [[Mímir]], the mother of [[Nótt]], [[Böðvildr]], "and other night [[dís]]ir". According to Rydberg, the byname ''Sinmara'' refers to "Mímir-[[Niðhad]]"'s "queen ordering [[Wayland Smith|Völund]]'s hamstrings to be cut".{{sfnp|Rydberg|2003|p=196}}

[[Hjalmar Falk]] states that "Sinmara [...] is probably no other than [[Hel (being)|Hel]], [[Loki]]'s daughter." He says that Sinmara is specifically called ''hin fölva gýgr'' "the pale giantess" in ''Fjölsvinnsmál'',{{sfnp|Thorpe|1907|p=99}} just as the classical Roman poet [[Virgil]] speaks of the pale [[Orcus]], a god of the underworld in [[Roman mythology]], and that Hel is blue or half blue and half light, like the Roman goddess [[Proserpina]], whom [[Saxo Grammaticus|Saxo]] equates to Hel in his ''[[Gesta Danorum]]''. Falk further notes that Sinmara is referred to as ''aurglasis Eirr'', which he translates as "the goddess of the gold ring", and compares Hel's being called ''Gjallar sunnu gátt'' "wearer of the necklace" in stanza 9 of the poem ''[[Forspjallsljóð]]''.{{sfnp|Falk|1894|p=61}} Björn Olsen associates the kenning with ''veðurglasir'', a name of [[Yggdrasill]] in stanza 24 of the same poem, and translates ''aurglasir'' as a name for the root system of the world-tree.

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
;(texts and translations)
* {{cite book |editor-last=Bellows |editor-first=Henry Adams |translator-last=Bellows |translator-first=Henry Adams |editor-link=Henry Adams Bellows (businessman) |chapter=Svipdagsmol II: Fjolsvinnsmol |title=The poetic Edda |location=New York |publisher=American-Scandinavian Foundation |year=1923 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/poeticedda00belluoft/page/244/ |pages=239–251 }}
** (Reprint: [[Princeton University Press]] 1936)
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Hildebrand |editor1-first=Karl |editor1-link=Karl Hildebrand |editor2-last=Gering |editor2-first=Hugo |editor2-link=Hugo Gering |editor3-last=Möbius |editor3-first=Theodor |editor3-link=Theodor Möbius |title=Die Lieder der Älteren Edda |publisher=Schöningh |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/dieliederderlte01mbgoog |language=de }} (base edition for Bellows's translation)
* {{cite book |editor-last=Larrington |editor-first=Carolyne |translator-last=Larrington |translator-first=Carolyne |editor-link=<!--Carolyne Larrington--> |chapter=The Sayings of Fiolsvinn |title=The Poetic Edda |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOL2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT319 |isbn=0191662941<!--, 9780191662942--> |access-date=2020-09-29 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055233/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOL2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT319#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Magnæus |editor-first=Legatus [Arnas] |editor-link=Árni Magnússon |chapter=Fiöl-svinns mál |title=Edda Sæmundar hinns Fróda. Edda rhythmica seu antiqvior, vulgo Sæmundina dicta |volume=<!--pars -->1 |location=Hafniæ |publisher=[[Gyldendal]] |year=1787 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BU4_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA275 |pages=275–310 |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501054954/https://books.google.com/books?id=BU4_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA275#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Magnæus |editor-first=Legatus [Arnas] |editor-link=Árni Magnússon |editor-mask=2 |chapter=Lexicon Mythologicum |title=Edda Sæmundar.. |volume=<!--pars -->3 |location=Hafniæ |publisher=[[Gyldendal]] |year=1828 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e04_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA273 |pages=273–996 |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055050/https://books.google.com/books?id=e04_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Thorpe |editor-first=Benjamin |translator-last=Thorpe |translator-first=Benjamin |editor-link=Benjamin Thorpe |chapter=The Lay of Fjolsvith |title=The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson |location=London |publisher=[[Norrœna Society]] |year=1907 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOk5L601x0YC&pg=PA95 |pages=95–101 |isbn=0-486-43710-8 |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055249/https://books.google.com/books?id=KOk5L601x0YC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}

;(studies)
* {{citation |last=Falk |first=Hjalmar |author-link=Hjalmar Falk |title=Om Svipdagsmál |journal=Arkiv för nordisk filologi |volume=10 |date=1894 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfI8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA26 |pages=26–82 |language=da |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055208/https://books.google.com/books?id=jfI8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{citation |last=Fibiger |first=J. |author-link=<!--Johannes Henrik Tauber Fibiger (1821-1897), danish priest and author--> |title=Forsög til en forklaring af Eddasangen Fjölsvinsmaal: Indbydelses- skrift til indvielsen af Haderslev laerde skoles nye bygning |location=Haderslev |publisher=Pet. Chr. Koch |series=Indbydelsesskrift til indvielsen af Haderslev lærde skoles nye bygning |date=1854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GcAAAAAcAAJ |language=da }})
* {{citation |last=Gutenbrunner |first=Siegfried |author-link=Siegfried Gutenbrunner |title=Eddica |journal=[[Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur]] |volume=77 |number=1 |date=1940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ48AAAAIAAJ&q=%22im+Namen+der+Sinmara%22 |pages=12–25 |jstor=20654365 |language=de |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501055500/https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ48AAAAIAAJ&q=%22im+Namen+der+Sinmara%22 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book|last=Rydberg |first=Viktor |author-link=Viktor Rydberg |translator=William Reaves |translator-link=<!--William Reaves--> |title=Our Fathers' Godsaga: Retold for the Young |publisher=<!--iUniverse--> |year=2003 |pages=95–101 |isbn=0-595-29978-4}} 
* {{cite book |last=Rydberg |first=Viktor |author-link=Viktor Rydberg |author-mask=2 |translator=Rasmus B. Anderson |translator-link=Rasmus B. Anderson |title=Teutonic Mythology |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=[[Swan Sonnenschein]] |year=1889 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHnXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA519 |access-date=2020-09-29 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501060106/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHnXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA519#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{citation|editor-last=Simek |editor-first=Rudolf |editor-link=Rudolf Simek |translator=Angela Hall |translator-link=<!--Angela Hall (translator)--> |title=Dictionary of Northern Mythology |publisher=D.S. Brewer |date=2007 |orig-year=1993 |url=<!--n/a preview--> |pages=190–219 |isbn=0-85991-513-1<!--, 9780859915137 -->}}
* {{citation |last1=Zavaroni |first1=Adolfo |author1-link=<!--Adolfo Zavaroni--> |last2=Emilia |first2=Reggio |author2-link=<!--Reggio Emilia (scholar)--> |title=Mead and 'Aqua Vitae': Functions of Mímir, Oðinn, Viðofnir and Svipdagr |editor1-last=Langbroek |editor1-first=Erika |editor1-link=<!--Erika Langbroek--> |editor2-last=Quak |editor2-first=Arend |editor2-link=<!--Arend Quak--> |editor3-last=Roeleveld |editor3-first=Annelies |editor3-link=<!--Annelies Roeleveld--> |editor4-last=Vermeyden |editor4-first=Paula |editor4-link=<!--Paula Vermeyden--> |work=Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik |volume=61 |publisher=Rodopo |date=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0N7Sjh7EvoC&pg=PA72 |pages=65–86 |isbn=9042018593<!--, 9789042018594 --> |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501060256/https://books.google.com/books?id=o0N7Sjh7EvoC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Sinmara}}

{{Clear}}
{{Norse mythology}}

[[Category:Gýgjar]]
[[Category:Dreams in religion]]