Editing Simon of Trent

{{Short description|Italian child}}
{{Infobox person
| name            = Simon of Trent
| image           = Pietro Stefanoni Simon von Trient.jpg
| imagesize       = 200px
| birth_date      = 1472
| birth_place     = [[Trento]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent]], Holy Roman Empire
| death_date      = {{death date and age|1475|03||1472}}
| death_place     = Trento, Prince-Bishopric of Trent, Holy Roman Empire
}}

'''Simon of Trent''' ({{langx|it|Simonino di Trento}}; {{langx|de|Simon von Trient}}, also known as {{langx|de|Simon Unverdorben||Simon Immaculate|label=none}}; 1472–1475), also known as '''Saint Simon''' (or '''Simeon''') '''of Trent''', was a young boy from the city of [[Trento|Trent]], in the [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent]] (now [[Trentino]], Italy), whose disappearance and death were blamed on the city's [[Jewish]] community in a famous example of what would become known as the [[blood libel]].

==Events==
At the time of the events, Prince-Bishop [[Johannes Hinderbach]] reigned in Trent under the ultimate jurisdiction of [[Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III]]. In March 1475, an itinerant [[Franciscan]] preacher, [[Bernardine of Feltre]], delivered a series of sermons in Trent that vilified the local Jews, essentially three households headed by Samuel (who arrived in 1461), Tobias, and Engel.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|pp=14–15}}</ref> They formed a distinct community marked by their professions and by their apparent wealth in comparison with the artisans and [[Sharecropping|sharecroppers]] of the city: Samuel was a moneylender and Tobias a physician.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|p=25}}</ref> The Prince-Bishop had renewed the Jewish community's permission to reside and practice their professions in Trent a few years previously, in 1469.<ref name="Hsia 1992 16">{{harv|Hsia|1992|p=16}}</ref> This dependence on the protection of the authorities later inclined the Jews, upon finding Simon's body, to report the discovery.<ref name="finding">{{harv|Hsia|1992|pp=26–27}}</ref>

The events themselves have been reconstructed from a careful study of [[Prozess gegen die Juden von Trient|the trial records]] by American historian [[Ronnie Hsia]]. Simon, almost two and a half years old, went missing about 5 p.m. on the evening of Thursday, 23 March 1475. The following day, [[Good Friday]], Simon's father approached the prince-bishop to ask for help in finding his missing child.<ref name="searches">{{harv|Hsia|1992|pp=1–3}}</ref> The [[podestà]], Giovanni de Salis, had his men spread a description of Simon through the city. Over the following couple of days, searches were carried out by Simon's family and neighbours, by the servants of the podestà, and also by the Jewish community, who had been alerted to a rumour that they had taken the child and were concerned about the possibility of being framed.<ref name=searches /><ref name=finding /> On Saturday, 25 March, Simon's father appealed to the podestà specifically to search the Jews' houses, saying he had been advised they might have taken his child.<ref name=searches /> Despite these searches, no sign of the child was found. Samuel's property was extensive, including a hall that functioned as a synagogue, and a water cellar that was also used for [[Mikvah|ritual bathing]] and was supplied with water from a channel that ran beneath the property.<ref name="Hsia 1992 16"/> According to the trial record, on Easter Sunday, 26 March, a cook named Seligman went to Samuel's cellar to fetch water to prepare the evening meal and found Simon's body in the water. Samuel himself, accompanied by two other Jews, went to the podestà to report the discovery.<ref name=finding /> Later that evening, the podestà and some of his men retrieved the body, with his servant Ulrich being ordered to carry it to the hospital.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|p=29}}</ref> The narrative summary based on the trial documents, drafted in 1478–1479, omitted the fact that the Jews had themselves reported finding the body, stating only that Ulrich had found Simon's body in a ditch next to Samuel's house.<ref name=searches />

Following the report of the body's discovery, the entire Jewish community (both men and women) were arrested and forced under torture to confess to having murdered Simon to use his blood for ritual purposes (a classic example of the [[blood libel]] that Jews used Christian blood in their rituals). An examination of the corpse by city doctors determined that Simon had not died of natural causes but had been [[Exsanguination|exsanguinated]]. In Hsia's view, "the narrative imperative, the official story of ritual murder, the trial record of 1475–76, represents nothing less than a Christian [[ethnography]] of Jewish rites".<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|p=94}}</ref>

Fifteen of the Jews, including Samuel, the head of the community, were sentenced to death and [[burnt at the stake]]. The Jewish women were accused as accomplices but argued [[women in Judaism|their gender did not allow them]] to participate in the rituals restricted to men. They were freed from prison in 1478 due to papal intervention. One Jew, Israel, was allowed to convert to Christianity for a short while, but he was arrested again after other Jews confessed he was part of the [[Passover Seder]]. After a long period of torture he was also sentenced to death on 19 January.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|pp=95–104}}</ref> The Trent trial's notoriety inspired a rise in Christian violence towards Jews in the surrounding areas of [[Veneto]], [[Lombardy]], and [[Tyrol]], along with accusations of ritual murder, culminating in [[Vicenza]] with the prohibition of Jewish moneylending in 1479 and the expulsion of all Jews in 1486.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|pp=128–129}}</ref>

==Papal investigation==
On 3 August 1475, [[Pope Sixtus IV]] commanded Bishop Hinderbach to suspend judicial proceedings until the arrival of the papal representative, [[Battista dei Giudici]], [[Bishop of Ventimiglia]], who would conduct a joint investigation with the Bishop of Trent. Giudici arrived in Trent in September. The local authorities worked against his investigation, preventing him from visiting Jews in prison and impeding his access to trial records.<ref name="Quaglioni">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Giudici, Battista dei|encyclopedia=[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]]|lang=it|volume=56|date=2001|last=Quaglioni |first=Diego |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/battista-dei-giudici_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701022113/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/battista-dei-giudici_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |archive-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>

In the face of persistent hostility, he relocated to [[Rovereto]], which was then under Venetian control,<ref name=Quaglioni/> and summoned Hinderbach and the podestà to answer for their conduct. Instead of appearing, Hinderbach had an account of the proceedings drawn up to vindicate his own actions, circulating it widely and so giving general credence to the notion that Simon of Trent had in fact been murdered by Jews.

The case was reviewed in Rome, where Hinderbach had powerful friends, including the papal librarian [[Bartolomeo Sacchi]], who accused Giudici of being in the pay of the Jews. Giudici wrote two treatises on the affair, an ''Apologia Iudaeorum'' defending the Jews, and an ''Invectiva contra Platinam'' (aimed at Sacchi) defending himself.<ref name=Quaglioni/> A committee of cardinals, chaired by Giovan Francesco Pavini, former professor of [[canon law]] at the [[University of Padua]] and an old friend of the bishop of Trent, exonerated Hinderbach and censured Giudici. A [[papal bull]] was issued on 20 June 1478, accepting that the inquiries in Trent had been carried out in legal fashion but avoiding a finding of fact with regard to Simon's death, while also reasserting papal protection for the Jews and the unlawfulness of ritual murder trials, in line with a decree of [[Pope Innocent IV]] from 1243.<ref>{{harv|Hsia|1992|p=127}}</ref>

==Veneration== 
[[File:Simonino_Trento.jpg|thumbnail|upright=1.3|School of [[Niklaus Weckmann]],<br> ''The Martyrdom of Saint Simonino'']]
Simon became the focus of attention for the local Catholic Church. The local bishop, Hinderbach of Trent, tried to have Simon canonized, producing a large body of documentation of the event and its aftermath.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kristeller |first=Paul Oskar |author-link=Paul Oskar Kristeller |date=1993 |title=The Alleged Ritual Murder of Simon of Trent (1475) and Its Literary Repercussions: A Bibliographical Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3622714 |journal=Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research |volume=59 |pages=103–135 |doi=10.2307/3622714 |jstor=3622714}}</ref> Over one hundred miracles were attributed to Simon within a year of his disappearance, and his cult spread across Italy, Austria and Germany. However, there was also skepticism from the beginning, as Giudici's investigation showed.

[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], a future Holy Roman Emperor, was a strong proponent of Simon's veneration and commissioned a silver monument of the child.<ref name="getty">{{cite journal |last1=Kohl |first1=Jeanette |year=2018 |title=A Murder, a Mummy, and a Bust: The Newly Discovered Portrait of Simon of Trent at the Getty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dAldDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 |journal=Getty Research Journal |volume=10 |publisher=[[Getty Research Institute]] |issue=10 |pages=37–60 |doi=10.1086/697383 |isbn=978-1-60606-571-6 |s2cid=192405280 |via=Google Books}}</ref> He also had Simon's relics carried in procession when he was made emperor in 1508.

The veneration received wider liturgical impetus in the 16th century. [[Joannes Molanus]] included a footnote on Simon of Trent in his 1568 edition of [[Usuard]]'s martyrology,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Usuard |title=Usuardi Martyrologium |title-link=Martyrology of Usuard |year=1568 |location=[[Leuven]] |translator-last=Molanus |translator-first=Joannes |oclc=902173278 |author-link=Usuard |translator-link=Joannes Molanus}}</ref> and this was then incorporated into the new official edition of the [[Roman Martyrology|''Martyrologium Romanum'']] in 1583,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baronius |first=Caesar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0R-nnwQeXj8C&pg=PA139 |title=Martyrologium Romanum ad nouam Kalendarii rationem et ecclesiasticae historiae veritatem restitutum, Gregorii XIII. Pont. Max., iussu editum; accesserunt notationes atque tractatio de martyrologio Romano |publisher=[[Plantin Press]] |year=1589 |location=[[Antwerp]] |page=139 |author-link=Caesar Baronius |oclc=319912070}}</ref> with 24 March having the additional text: ''Tridenti passio sancti Simeonis pueri, a Judaeis saevissime trucidati, qui multis postea miraculis coruscavit.'' ("At Trent, the suffering of the holy boy Simeon, barbarously murdered by the Jews, who was afterwards glorified by many miracles.")<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW88AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA50 |title=Martyrologium romanum : ad nouam kalendarij rationem & ecclesiasticae historiae veritatem restitutum : Gregorii XIII Pont. Max. iussu editum |publisher=[[Guillaume Rouillé]] |year=1583 |location=[[Venice]] |page=50 |author-link=Pope Gregory XIII |oclc=645647197}}</ref> In 1584 the use of this martyrology became obligatory in the [[Roman Rite]]. Furthermore, in 1588 [[Pope Sixtus V]] gave recognition to the local veneration of Simon as an established devotion, functionally equivalent to a decree of [[beatification]].<ref name=getty/>

In 1758, Cardinal Ganganelli (later [[Pope Clement XIV]], 1769–1774) prepared a legal memorandum which, to the exclusion of all other allegations of ritual murders of infants the records of which were thoroughly made available to him, expressly admitted as proven only two: that of Simon of Trent and that of [[Andreas Oxner]].<ref>{{Jewish Encyclopedia |no-prescript=1 |title=Clement XIV. (Lorenzo Ganganelli) |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4411-clement-xiv-lorenzo-ganganelli |last1=Jacobs |first1=Joseph |author1-link=Joseph Jacobs |last2=Broydé |first2=Isaac |author2-link=Isaac Broydé |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408155008/https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4411-clement-xiv-lorenzo-ganganelli |archive-date=8 April 2023}}</ref> At the same time, he extolled the glories and accomplishments of the Jewish people across history, writing that the murder of Simon of Trent did not suffice to injure the reputation of the entire Jewish people.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lobe |first=Isidore |author-link=Isidore Loeb |date=January–March 1889 |title=Un Mémoire de Laurent Ganganelli sur la Calomnie du Meurtre Rituel |journal=[[Revue des Études Juives]] |language=fr |publisher=[[Peeters Publishers]] |volume=XVIII |pages=179 et seq |via=Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWN90c7PbO8C&pg=PA179}}</ref>

Simon's cultus was permitted by the Popes for local public liturgical observance (effectively [[beatification]]) within the Diocese of Trent.<ref name=getty/> In a letter to {{ill|Benedetto Veterani|it}}, Promoter of Faith, [[Pope Benedict XIV]] recognised that this was the case, but was careful to distinguish such authorization from canonization.<ref>{{Citation |last=Melzer |first=Gottfried |title=Excerpts from The Bull ''Beatus Andreas'' of Pope Benedict XIV of 22 February 1755 [with comments] |url=https://jrbooksonline.com/HTML-docs/The%20Bull%20Beatus%20Andreas.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613233933/https://jrbooksonline.com/HTML-docs/The%20Bull%20Beatus%20Andreas.htm |quote=As We have shown in Our work ''De Canonisatione'', Book 3, Chapter 15, Nr. 6, Pope Sixtus IV by a Papal brief thereupon approved the Mass celebration and the Office in his [Simon's] name, to be read on the fixed day in the city and the entire bishopric of Trent, to the honor of the Blessed Simon, and (the Pope) moreover granted a plenary indulgence to all those who, having had the Sacrament of Confession and Communion, visit the church in which his relics are venerated on his day of the year." (S.5.) "And if, nevertheless, as we have further said above, at the behest of Pope Gregory XIII, the name of the Blessed Simon has been added to the Roman Martyrology, it can however not be inferred that because of this the latter has been canonized." (S.21.) |archive-date=13 June 2023 |translator-last=Belser |translator-first=R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pope Benedict XIV |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_0-dSGrVURo0C |title=Sanctissimi domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV. Bullarium. Tomus primus decimus Tomus octavus, in quo continentur constitutiones, epistolae, aliaque edita ab initio pontificatus usque ad annum 1755 |date=1782 |publisher=Bartholomaei Occhi |others=[[National Library of Naples]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_0-dSGrVURo0C/page/n215/mode/2up?q=de+pago 215] |language=la |chapter=Beatus Andres de Pago |author-link=Pope Benedict XIV}}</ref>

As was stated in one publication, "It is simply untrue to say that the Church has ''canonized'' little Simon of Trent. A decree of beatification was issued by Sixtus V, which took the form simply of a confirmation of cultus and which allowed a Mass to be said locally in honour of the boy martyr. Everyone knows that beatification differs from canonization in this, that in the former case the infallibility of the Holy See is not involved, in the latter it is."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pollen |first=J. H. |author-link=John Hungerford Pollen (Jesuit) |date=January–June 1914 |title=The Centenary of the Restoration of the Society of Jesus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEEaAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA78 |journal=[[The Month]] |publisher=[[Longman|Longmans, Green, and Co.]] |volume=CXXIII |page=78 |oclc=1589103 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Following studies on the case, on 28 October 1965 (the same day as the publication of ''[[Nostra aetate]]'' by [[Pope Paul VI]]) archbishop of Trent {{ill|Alessandro Maria Gottardi|it}} abolished the cult of Simon, and the yearly procession with his relics was suppressed.<ref>{{cite journal|language=it|url=https://journals.openedition.org/laboratoireitalien/592|title=In margine al caso Simonino Di Trento. Aspetti istituzionali e morali della questione|journal=Laboratoire Italien|date=2011|doi=10.4000/laboratoireitalien.592 |last1=Rogger |first1=Iginio |issue=11 |pages=221–230 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rogger |first=Iginio |date=8 February 2007 |title=Interventi sul caso Toaff di storici italiani che si sono occupati dell'accusa del sangue: mons. Iginio Rogger (Avvenire, 8 febbraio 2007) |language=it |work=[[Avvenire]] |url=https://www.cesnur.org/2007/toaff_01.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201211925/https://www.cesnur.org/2007/toaff_01.htm |archive-date=1 February 2023 |via=[[CESNUR]]}}</ref> Simon of Trent is not in the new Roman Martyrology of 2000, nor on any modern Catholic calendar.<ref name=getty/> His relics, removed from their resting place in {{ill|Saints Peter and Paul church in Trent|it|Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo (Trento)}} upon the cult's suppression, were returned there in 2021, together with an exhibit about him curated by the ''{{ill|Museo diocesano tridentino|it}}''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Franchi |first=Fabrizio |date=19 January 2021 |title=Le reliquie del Simonino torneranno alla cappella di San Pietro |language=it |work=[[l'Adige (newspaper)|l'Adige]] |url=https://www.ladige.it/cultura-e-spettacoli/2021/01/19/le-reliquie-del-simonino-torneranno-alla-cappella-di-san-pietro-1.2831492 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130210827/https://www.ladige.it/cultura-e-spettacoli/2021/01/19/le-reliquie-del-simonino-torneranno-alla-cappella-di-san-pietro-1.2831492 |archive-date=30 January 2023}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In the 21st century, historian [[Ariel Toaff]], writing about the case of Simon of Trent, hypothesized that the notion that some Jews killed children to use their blood for ritual purposes may have been tenuously based on an actual "ritual of blood" that did not involve infanticide. In the same work, ''[[Passovers of Blood]]'', Toaff theorises that some blood libel cases may be based on actual instances of infanticide where a Jewish perpetrator acted in retaliation for persecutions against the community.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2007 |title=Historian's study of 'blood libel' angers fellow Jews |work=[[Ynetnews]] |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3363532,00.html |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415140658/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3363532,00.html |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> After criticism, the book was withdrawn from circulation and redacted by its author.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Palmieri-Billig |first=Lisa |date=7 February 2007 |title=Historian gives credence to blood libel |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Historian-gives-credence-to-blood-libel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409050340/https://www.jpost.com/International/Historian-gives-credence-to-blood-libel |archive-date=9 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Adi |date=24 February 2008 |title=Bar-Ilan Scholar Recants Controversial Blood Libel Theory |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4995413 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416144018/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4995413 |archive-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

In 2020, the Italian artist {{ill|Giovanni Gasparro|it}} painted a depiction of Simon's death. He was later accused of antisemitism for this painting which was sold to a private collector.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reich |first=Aaron |date=27 March 2020 |title=Italian artist accused of antisemitism for new painting of blood libel |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/italian-artist-accused-of-antisemitism-for-new-painting-of-blood-libel-622578 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412025345/https://www.jpost.com///diaspora/antisemitism/italian-artist-accused-of-antisemitism-for-new-painting-of-blood-libel-622578 |archive-date=12 April 2023}}</ref>

In February 2022, a sculpture of Simon of Trent depicting the blood libel was used by [[QAnon]] conspiracy theorists to promote the conspiracy theory that Hollywood elites [[Adrenochrome#In popular culture|are harvesting adrenochrome from children]] through [[Satanic ritual abuse]] in order to become [[immortality|immortal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Ella |date=3 February 2022 |title=Fact check: Sculpture is evidence of antisemitic 'blood libel,' not false QAnon theory |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/02/03/fact-check-qanons-adrenochrome-conspiracy-theory-baseless/9268681002/ |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180954/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/02/03/fact-check-qanons-adrenochrome-conspiracy-theory-baseless/9268681002/ |archive-date=8 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rothschild |first1=Mike |title=The Storm Is Upon Us: How QAnon Became a Movement, Cult, and Conspiracy Theory of Everything |date=22 June 2021 |publisher=Octopus |isbn=978-1-80096-046-6 |pages=58{{endash}}61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bicYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT58}}</ref>

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:Altobello Melone Simonino Trento.JPG|[[Altobello Melone]], Simon of Trent, ca.1521, oil on panel, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent (Italy)
File:Simonino Bienno2.JPG|Unknown painter, ''Ex voto''; fresco, end of the 15th century, church of Santa Maria Annunciata, [[Bienno]] (BS), Italy
File:Simon einblattdruck.JPG|Incunabulum of Friedrich Creussner, Nuremberg, 1475
File:Simon einblattdruck 2.JPG|Simon of Trent's martyred body. Engraving, Nürnberg, around 1479.
File:Simonino.jpg|Stone medallion with the purported martyrdom scene of Simonino di Trento. [[Palazzo Salvadori, Trento|Palazzo Salvadori]], Trent
File:Ritualmord-Legende.jpg|Illustration in Hartmann Schedel's ''Weltchronik'', 1493
File:Simonino Bienno.jpg|Unknown painter, fresco, end of the 15th century, church of Santa Maria Annunciata, Bienno (BS), Italy
File:Trento-statue of Simon of Trent in via Simonino.jpg|Statue of ''Simon of Trent'' on the facade of a palace in Trento (situated in "Via del Simonino")
File:Judensau Frankfurt.jpg|Martyrdom of Simon of Trent above a [[Judensau]].
File:Judensau from Frankfurt.jpg|Martyrdom of Simon of Trent above a [[Judensau]].
File:Trento commemoration plaque.jpg|Plaque in Trento commemorating the injustice towards Jews.
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln]]
*[[William of Norwich]]
*[[Werner of Oberwesel]]
*[[Robert of Bury]]
*[[Harold of Gloucester]]
*''[[Prozess gegen die Juden von Trient]]''
*[[Raphael Levy]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2018 |title=SIMONE da Trento |encyclopedia=[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]] |publisher=[[Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani|Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana]] |location=Rome |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/simone-da-trento_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |volume=92 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331095109/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/simone-da-trento_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |archive-date=31 March 2023 |last1=Curzel |first1=Emanuele}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eckert |first=Willehad Paul |title=Judenhass: Schuld der Christen?! Versuch eines Gesprächs |publisher=Hans Driewer |year=1964 |editor-last=Eckert |editor-first=Willehad Paul |location=Essen |pages=329–357 |oclc=8989370 |editor-last2=Ehrlich |editor-first2=E. L.}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gentilini |first1=Gianni |title=Pasqua 1475: Antigiudaismo e lotta alle eresie il caso di Simonino |date=2007 |publisher=Medusa |location=Milano |isbn=9788876981227}}
* {{cite book |last=Hsia | first=R. Po-chia |author-link=Ronnie Hsia |title=Trent 1475: Stories of a Ritual Murder Trial |year=1992 |publisher=[[Yale University Press|Yale University]] |isbn=0-300-06872-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/trent147500rpoc|url-access=registration }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Menestrina |first1=Giuseppe |title=Gli Ebrei a Trento |journal=Tridentum Rivista Mensile di Studi Scientifici |date=October 1903 |volume=6 |pages=304–411}}
* {{cite book |last1=Treue |first1=Wolfgang |title=Der Trienter Judenprozeß: Voraussetzungen - Abläufe - Auswirkungen; (1475 - 1588) |date=1996 |publisher=Hahnsche Buchhandlung |location=Hannover |isbn=9783775256131}}
* {{Cite book |last=Treue |first=Wolfgang |title=Dominikaner und Juden: Personen, Konflikte und Perspektiven vom 13. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert / Dominicans and Jews: personalities, conflicts, and perspectives from the 13th to the 20th century |date=2015 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |isbn=9783050087917 |editor-last=Füllenbach |editor-first=Elias H. |location=Berlin |pages=331–347 |chapter=Diplomaten, Rechtsgelehrte, Intriganten: Der Trienter Judenprozess vor der römischen Kurie 1475–1478 |editor-last2=Miletto |editor-first2=Gianfranco}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Simon Of Trent}}
[[Category:1472 births]]
[[Category:1475 deaths]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Italy]]
[[Category:Blood libel]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Jewish Italian history]]
[[Category:Medieval anti-Jewish pogroms]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic child saints]]
[[Category:Child murder in Italy]]
[[Category:Folk saints]]
[[Category:People from Trento]]
[[Category:Folk Catholicism]]
[[Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Europe]]

[[he:עלילת דם#עלילת סימון מטרנטו]]