Editing Sienese school

{{Short description|Painting style developed in the 14th century Siena}}
[[Image:Galería Uffizi, Florencia, Italia, 2022-09-18, DD 26.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Simone Martini]], ''[[Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus]]'', 1333]]
The '''Sienese school''' of [[painting]] flourished in [[Siena]], [[Italy]], between the 13th and 15th centuries. Its most important artists include [[Duccio]], whose work shows [[Byzantine art|Byzantine influence]], his pupil [[Simone Martini]], the brothers [[Pietro Lorenzetti|Pietro]] and [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]] and [[Domenico di Bartolo|Domenico]] and [[Taddeo di Bartolo]], [[Stefano di Giovanni|Sassetta]], and [[Matteo di Giovanni]].

==History==
[[File:Pietro lorenzetti, compianto (dettaglio) basilica inferiore di assisi (1310-1329).jpg|thumb|[[Pietro Lorenzetti]], detail of the ''Deposition of Christ'', Fresco in the [[Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi#Lower Basilica|Lower Basilica at Assisi]]]]
[[Duccio]] may be considered the "father of Sienese painting".<ref name="met">{{cite web|last1=Christiansen|first1=Keith|title=Sienese Painting (last updated October 2004(|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sien/hd_sien.htm|website=Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref> The brothers [[Pietro Lorenzetti|Pietro]] and [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]] were "responsible for a crucial development in Sienese art, moving from the tradition inherited from Duccio towards a [[Gothic art|Gothic style]], incorporating the innovations in Florence introduced by [[Giotto]] and [[Arnolfo di Cambio]]".<ref name="goog-effectsgood">{{cite web|title=''Effects of Good Government in the city''|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/allegory-of-good-government/owH6OsVYalFGMw|website=Google Arts & Culture|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref>

"Sienese art flourished even when Siena itself had begun to decline economically and politically. And while the artists of 15th-century Siena did not enjoy the widespread patronage and respect that their 14th-century ancestors had received, the paintings and illuminated manuscripts they produced form one of the undervalued treasures in the bounty of Italian art."<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last1=Kimmelman|first1=Michael|title=Art; Sienese Gold|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/11/magazine/art-sienese-gold.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=28 January 2018|work=New York Times|date=11 September 1988}}</ref>

In the late 15th century, Siena "finally succumbed" to the [[Florentine painting|Florentine school]]'s teachings on perspective and naturalistic representation, absorbing its "humanist culture".<ref name="nyt"/> In the 16th century the Mannerists [[Domenico di Pace Beccafumi|Beccafumi]] and [[Il Sodoma]] worked there. While [[Baldassare Peruzzi]] was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed.

==Style==
Unlike [[Florentine School|Florentine art]], Sienese art opted for a more decorative style and rich colors, with "thinner, elegant, and courtly figures".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nici|first1=John B.|title=AP Art History|date=2008|publisher=Barron's Educational Series|isbn=9781438080536|page=[https://archive.org/details/barronsaparthist0000nici/page/232 232]|url=https://archive.org/details/barronsaparthist0000nici|url-access=registration|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref> It also has "a mystical streak...characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration".<ref name="nyt"/> Sienese painters did not paint portraits, allegories, or classical myths.<ref name="ft">{{cite news|last1=Spence|first1=Rachel|title=Early Renaissance art in Siena|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4ae42b4c-48da-11df-8af4-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/4ae42b4c-48da-11df-8af4-00144feab49a |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription|access-date=28 January 2018|work=Financial Times|date=16 April 2010}}</ref>

[[Image:Duccio Maestà.jpg|right|thumb|400px|''[[Maestà_(Duccio)|Maestà]]'' by Duccio (1308–11) [[Tempera]] on wood, 214 x 412 cm Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena]]

==List of artists==
===1251–1300===
* [[Guido da Siena]]

===1301–1350===
[[File:1г Ugolino di Nerio. The Last Supper Metropolitan mus. N-Y.jpg|thumb|[[Ugolino di Nerio]], [[predella]] scene of ''The Last Supper'']]
* [[Duccio di Buoninsegna]]
* [[Segna di Buonaventura]]
* [[Niccolò di Segna]]
* [[Simone Martini]]
* [[Lippo Memmi]]
* [[Naddo Ceccarelli]]
* [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]]
* [[Pietro Lorenzetti]]
* [[Bartolomeo Bulgarini]]
* [[Ugolino di Nerio]]
* [[Lippo Vanni]]

===1351–1400===
* [[Bartolo di Fredi]]
* [[Andrea Vanni]]
* [[Francesco di Vannuccio]]
* [[Jacopo di Mino del Pellicciaio]]
* [[Niccolò di Bonaccorso]]
* [[Niccolò di Ser Sozzo]]
* [[Luca di Tommè]]
* [[Taddeo di Bartolo]]
* [[Andrea di Bartolo]]
* [[Paolo di Giovanni Fei]]
* (Master of the Richardson Triptych)
* [[ Biagio Goro Ghezzi]]

===1401–1450===
[[File:Madonna of Humility.Giovanni di Paolo. Boston MFA.jpg|thumb|[[Giovanni di Paolo]], ''Madonna of Humility'', c. 1442]]
* [[Benedetto di Bindo]]
* [[Domenico di Bartolo]]
* [[Giovanni di Paolo]]
* [[Gregorio di Cecco]]
* [[Martino di Bartolomeo]]
* [[Master of the Osservanza Triptych]]
* [[Pietro di Giovanni d'Ambrogio]]
* [[Priamo della Quercia]]
* [[Sano di Pietro]]
* [[Stefano di Giovanni|Sassetta]] (Stefano di Giovanni)
* [[Vecchietta|Lorenzo di Pietro (Vecchietta)]]

===1451–1500===
* [[Nicola di Ulisse]]
* [[Matteo di Giovanni]]<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Matteo da Sienna}}</ref>
* [[Benvenuto di Giovanni]]
* [[Carlo di Giovanni]]
* [[Francesco di Giorgio Martini]]
* [[Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi]]
* [[Pietro di Francesco degli Orioli]]
* [[Guidoccio Cozzarelli]]
* [[Bernardino Fungai]]
* [[Pellegrino di Mariano]]
* [[Andrea di Niccolò]]
* [[Pietro di Domenico]]

===1501–1550===
[[File:Domenico Beccafumi - Public Virtues of Greek and Roman Heroes- The Sacrifice of King Codron of Athens - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|[[Domenico Beccafumi]], ''Public Virtues of Greek and Roman Heroes – The Sacrifice of King Codron of Athens'', [[fresco]], c. 1530]]
* [[Girolamo di Benvenuto]]
* [[Giacomo Pacchiarotti]]
* [[Girolamo del Pacchia]]
* [[Domenico Beccafumi]]
* [[Il Sodoma]] (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi)
* [[Riccio Sanese]] (Bartolomeo Neroni)

===1601–1650===
* [[Francesco Vanni]]
* [[Ventura Salimbeni]]
* [[Rutilio Manetti]]

== See also ==
* [[Bolognese school]]
* [[Lucchese school]]
* [[School of Ferrara (painting)|School of Ferrara]]
* [[Florentine school]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author=[[John Pope-Hennessy|Pope-Hennessy, John]] & Kanter, Laurence B.| title= ''The Robert Lehman Collection I, Italian Paintings'' | location=New York, Princeton | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art in association with Princeton University Press | year=1987| isbn=0870994794 | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/190122/rec/1}} (see index)
* Timothy Hyman; ''Sienese Painting'', Thames & Hudson, 2003 {{ISBN|0-500-20372-5}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/187988 ''Italian paintings : a catalogue of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art : Sienese and Central Italian schools''], a collection catalog containing information about the artists and their works (see index)

{{Western art movements}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Painters from Siena| ]]
[[Category:Painters from Tuscany]]
[[Category:Italian art]]
[[Category:Gothic art]]