Editing Shinnecock Reservation

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Shinnecock Reservation, New York
|settlement_type          = [[Indian Reservation]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Shinnecock1.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_flag               = Shinnecock Indian Nation Flag.png
|image_seal               = Shinnecock Indian Nation Seal.png
|image_caption            = The Shinnecock Nation Cultural Center and Museum in 2007
<!-- Maps -->
|pushpin_map              = 
|pushpin_label_position   = 
|pushpin_label            = 
|pushpin_map_caption      = 
|pushpin_mapsize          = 
|image_map                = Shinnecock-map.gif
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Map of Shinnecock Reservation
|image_map1               = 9370R Shinnecock (state) Reservation Locator Map.svg
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = Location within the state of New York

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[New York (state)|New York]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         = 1859<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Stone |editor1-first=Gaynell |title=The Shinnecock Indians: A Cultural History |date=1983 |publisher=Suffolk County Archaeological Association |location=Stony Brook |isbn=0536042063 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxjjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = 
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 3.4
|area_land_km2            = 3.4
|area_water_km2           = 0.0
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.3
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.3
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.0

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 819
|population_density_km2   = 241.9
|population_density_sq_mi = 626.5

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 62
|elevation_ft             = 203
|coordinates              = {{coord|40|52|28|N|72|25|54|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 11968
|area_code                = [[Area code 631|631]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Shinnecock Reservation''' is a [[Native American reservation]] for members of the [[Shinnecock Indian Nation]] in the [[Southampton (town), New York|town of Southampton]] in [[Suffolk County, New York]], United States. It is the most easterly of the two Native American reservations in Suffolk County; the other being [[Poospatuck Reservation]] in the town of [[Brookhaven, New York|Brookhaven]]. It lies on the east side of [[Shinnecock Bay]] on southeastern [[Long Island]], near [[Tuckahoe, Suffolk County, New York|Tuckahoe]], [[Shinnecock Hills, New York|Shinnecock Hills]], and the [[Southampton (village), New York|village of Southampton]]. The population was 819 as of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]]. Roughly that many tribal members additionally live off the reservation.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Indian reservation has a total area of 1.3073&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup> (3.3859&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 171
|1920= 112
|1930= 194
|1940= 156
|1950= 183
|1960= 234
|1970= 174
|1980= 297
|1990= 375
|2000= 504
|2010= 662
|2020= 819
<!--|estyear=2014
|estimate=677
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|accessdate=June 4, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523034651/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|archivedate=May 23, 2015}}</ref>-->
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] there were 662 people and 256 households in the Indian reservation. The population density was 506.4/mi<sup>2</sup> (195.5/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 204 housing units at an average density of 156.0/mi<sup>2</sup> (60.2/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the Indian reservation was 6.04% White, 4.53% Black or African American, 76.59% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.03% from other races, and 12.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.34%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>

Of the 256 households 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 11.7% are vacant, 8.6% are for rent.

The age distribution was 24.5% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 20, 7.4% from 20 to 24, 11.3% from 25 to 34, 18.7% from 35 to 49, 21.3% from 50 to 64, and 12.5% 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males.

According to the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]], the median household income was in the Indian reservation was $14,055, and the [[median income]] for a family was $14,143. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the Indian reservation was $8,843. About 61.3% of families and 50.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 66.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

== Tribal recognition and gambling prospects ==
The Shinnecock Nation formally requested federal recognition from the United States government in 1978 and received it in 2010. Recognition was supported by New York Governor [[David Paterson]].

This enabled the tribe to move forward with its plans for a casino; it has already been discussing this with the state and local governments. Opposition to additional casinos in the New York market is based in part on dilution of demand: both the [[Foxwoods Resort Casino|Foxwoods Casino]] in [[Connecticut]] and those in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] attract thousands of New Yorkers, and [[Aqueduct Racetrack]] opened a casino in 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rwnewyork.com/page|title=Resorts World Casino New York City – New York Casino|website=www.rwnewyork.com|accessdate=Mar 30, 2020}}</ref> and its proximity to the wealthy and powerful located in the neighboring [[Hamptons]] communities of the [[South Fork, Suffolk County, New York|South Fork]]. 

The Nation has been in discussion with state and local officials on plans to build a [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act#Class III|Class III casino]], as it wants to generate revenues for economic development and welfare for the tribe. It would share revenues with the state for such an enterprise off the reservation. The tribe and other parties prefer a location out of the Hamptons area, which is already bogged down with heavy traffic during the summer season, when the population of the Town of Southampton doubles.<ref name="nytrecog">[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/nyregion/16shinnecock.html?hp&_r=0 DANNY HAKIM, "U.S. Recognizes an Indian Tribe on Long Island, Clearing the Way for a Casino"], ''New York Times'', 16 June 2010, accessed 20 October 2014</ref> In addition, they would face heavy competition on eastern Long Island, as New Yorkers make up 30% of the customers of the highly successful [[Mohegan Sun Casino|Mohegan Sun]] and [[Foxwoods Casino|Foxwoods]] Casinos in Connecticut.<ref name="nytrecog"/>

The Shinnecock Indian Nation and their partners (Gateway Casino Resorts, LLC and [[Michael J. Malik Sr.]] dba MJM Enterprises and MJM Enterprises & Development) paid D.C. lobbyists $1,140,000 from 2005 to 2009 to support their effort to gain recognition and approved gaming.<ref name="nytrecog"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sopr.senate.gov/cgi-win/m_opr_viewer.exe?DoFn=0 |title=US Lobby Registration & Reporting Disclosure Page |accessdate=2006-12-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215212513/http://sopr.senate.gov/cgi-win/m_opr_viewer.exe?DoFn=0 |archivedate=2006-12-15 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.census.gov Shinnecock (state) Reservation, New York] United States Census Bureau
*[https://archive.today/20130308164156/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=36 2010 Census for New York (you must choose State:  New York, County:  Suffolk, Area:  Shinnecock Reservation]

{{Indian reservations in New York}}
{{Suffolk County, New York}}

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[[Category:Shinnecock Indian Nation]]
[[Category:American Indian reservations in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Southampton (town), New York]]
[[Category:Geography of Suffolk County, New York]]