Editing Shichi-Go-San

{{Short description|Annual Japanese festival}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}
|type          = Shinto
|image         = Shichigosan boy.jpg
|imagesize     = 240px
|caption       = Japanese boy at a shrine in Tokyo, dressed up for the {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} festival
|official_name = {{nihongo|7-5-3||shichi go san}}
|nickname      =
|observedby    = Japan
|litcolor      =
|longtype      = Ethnic traditions/non-religious/religious 
|significance  = Traditional [[rite of passage]] and festival day in Japan for three-year-old and seven-year-old girls, as well as five-year-old and sometimes three-year-old boys.
|begins        =
|ends          =
|date          = November 15
|celebrations  =
|observances   =
|relatedto     =
}}

{{nihongo3|{{lit|seven-five-three}}|七五三|'''Shichi-Go-San'''}} is a traditional [[Japan]]ese [[rite of passage]] and festival day for three and seven-year-old girls, and five-year-old and sometimes three-year-old boys. It is held annually on [[November 15]] and celebrates the growth and well-being of young children. As it is not a national holiday, it is generally observed on the nearest weekend.

==History==
[[File:Shichigosan_at_Ikuta_Jinja_Shrine.JPG|thumb|left|{{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} ritual at a [[Shinto]] shrine]]
[[File:Komono.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A young girl dressed traditionally for {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}]]
[[File:Utagawa_Kunisada_II_-_Felicitations_to_Genji_on_the_Occasion_of_the_Shichigosan_Celebration.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Kunisada]]]]
{{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} is said to have originated in the [[Heian period]] amongst court nobles who would celebrate the passage of their children into middle childhood, but it is also suggested that the idea was originated from the [[Muromachi period]] due to high infant mortality. The ages 3, 5 and 7 are consistent with East Asian [[numerology]], which holds that odd numbers are lucky.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rupp|first1=Katherine|title=Gift-giving in Japan: Cash, Connections, Cosmologies|date=2003|publisher=Stanford University Press|pages=64}}</ref> The practice was set to the fifteenth of the month during the [[Kamakura period]].<ref>[http://www.gojapango.com/culture/shichi-go-san.html GoJapanGo: ''Shichi-Go-San''], retrieved November 16, 2005</ref>

Its meaning is to celebrate the survival of children, as infant and child mortality rates were higher in previous centuries.

Over time, this tradition passed to the [[samurai]] class who added a number of rituals.<ref>[http://web-jpn.org/kidsweb/calendar/november/shichigosan.html Kids Web Japan: ''Shichi-Go-San''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050921164115/http://web-jpn.org/kidsweb/calendar/november/shichigosan.html |date=2005-09-21 }}, retrieved November 16, 2005</ref>

The first of these ceremonies, for three year-olds, is called {{transliteration|ja|Kamioki}}, meaning "hair-leaving"; traditionally, from the period of seven days after birth until the age of three, a child's head would be kept shaved.

The second of these ceremonies, for five year-old boys, is called {{transliteration|ja|Hakamagi-no-Gi}}. Similar to the Western practice of [[breeching (boys)|breeching]], this marked the first time a young boy would wear formal attire (a {{transliteration|ja|[[hakama]]}} and a {{transliteration|ja|[[haori]]}}), associated with roles and responsibilities.

The third ceremony is {{transliteration|ja|Obitoki-no-Gi}}, which is held for seven year-old girls. This ceremony marked the first time a young girl would wear an {{transliteration|ja|[[obi (sash)|obi]]}} (a broad, stiff sash for a [[kimono]]) instead of simply wearing a kimono tied with attached strings or a lightweight, informal and scarf-like [[Obi (sash)#Children's obi|sash]]. Symbolizing the transition into womanhood, this practice began in the [[Kamakura period]]; originally, it was practiced for 9 year-old girls as well as boys, but in the [[Edo period]] transitioned into being performed for girls aged 7 only.

By the [[Meiji period]], the practice of {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} was adopted amongst commoners as well, and included the modern ritual of visiting a [[Shinto shrine|shrine]] to drive out evil spirits and wish for a long healthy life.

==Current practice==
{{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} has changed little since the [[Meiji period]]. While the ritual regarding hair has been discarded, boys who are aged five and girls who are aged three or seven are still dressed in [[kimono]]—many for the first time—for visits to shrines. Three-year-old girls usually wear {{transliteration|ja|hifu}} (a type of padded vest) with their kimono. Western-style formal wear is also worn by some children. A more modern practice is photography, and this day is well known as a day to take pictures of children. It is common to observe the rite based on the traditional way of calculating age, or {{transliteration|ja|[[kazoedoshi]]}}, in which children are one year old at birth and gain a year on each New Year's Day. In this case, girls celebrate in the year in which they would reach an age according to the modern calculation of two or six, and boys in the year in which they would reach an age according to the modern calculation of four.

=={{transliteration|ja|Chitose ame}}==

{{nihongo3|{{lit|thousand year candy}}|千歳飴|Chitose ame}} is given to children on {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}. {{transliteration|ja|Chitose ame}} is long, thin, red and white candy, which symbolizes healthy growth and longevity. It is given with a bag decorated with a [[Crane (bird)|crane]] and a turtle, which represent long life in Japan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Joly|first1=Henri|title=Legend in Japanese Art|url=https://archive.org/details/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft|date=1908|publisher=Bodley head|pages=[https://archive.org/details/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft/page/78 78], 149, 316|ref=Cranes and tortoises or turtles symbols of longevity}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Chitose ame}} is wrapped in a thin, clear, and edible [[rice paper]] film that resembles plastic.<ref>Fukue, Natsuko, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20081111i1.html It's fall, when kids in kimono fete 7-5-3 rituals] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027092839/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20081111i1.html |date=2010-10-27 }}", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 11 November 2008, p. 3.</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In ''[[Crayon Shin-chan]]'' episode 26–3, "My Shichi-Go-San", the Nohara family celebrates {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}.
* In the OVA ''[[Mega Man: Upon a Star]]'', Roll makes a promise with Akane at a Japanese festival that she will wear a kimono on {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}.
* In ''[[Mama Loves the Poyopoyo-Saurus]]'' episode 11–2, "Shobo-san who came in slobbing mama double", the Poyota family celebrates {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}.
* In ''[[Paranoia Agent]]'' episode 8, "Happy Family Planning", the character Fuyubachi falls asleep on the train holding {{transliteration|ja|chitose ame}}, which he later gives to the young girl Kamome-kun.
* In {{transliteration|ja|[[Katte ni Kaizō]]}} episode 3, "To Celebrate This Child's 7th Birthday", it is said that Kaizo is scared of {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} because of a childhood memory.
* In episode 17 of {{transliteration|ja|[[Osomatsu-san]]}}, a picture of Jyushimatsu wearing kimono for {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} is shown in the photo album.
* In episode 38 of the anime ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'', [[Krillin|Kuririn]] asks [[Gohan (Dragon Ball)|Gohan]] if he is going to keep wearing that "Shichigosan suit".
* In the second OVA of ''[[My Teen Romantic Comedy SNAFU]]'', when Iroha is taking the group photo of the service club members, Hachiman remarks that their pose resembles the kind used for {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}.
* In chapter 19 of the manga ''[[Honey and Clover]]'', Hagu has coming-of-age photos taken as she turns 20, but Morita edits the photo to make it look like a {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} photograph, because she looks so young. In the edited photo, Hagu is holding a bag of {{transliteration|ja|chitose ame}}.
* In episode 81 of the anime {{transliteration|ja|[[Toriko]]}}, main character Toriko and Komatsu distribute {{transliteration|ja|chitose-ame}} to children at Gourmet shrine on {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}} as {{transliteration|ja|shoku-otoko}}.
* In episode 854-1 of the anime {{transliteration|ja|[[Chibi Maruko Chan]]}}, Maruko's cousins arrive to celebrate {{transliteration|ja|Shichi-Go-San}}.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shichi-Go-San}}
* [https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/understanding-japan/shichi-go-san Shichi-Go-San | Japan Experience]
* [http://www.tokyowithkids.com/entertainment/shichigosan.html Tokyo with Kids website]

[[Category:Festivals in Japan]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:Childhood rites of passage]]
[[Category:Japanese words and phrases]]
[[Category:Childhood in Japan]]