Editing Seville

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Andalusia and the province of Seville in Spain}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Sevilla|the association football club|Sevilla FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name               = Seville
| native_name        = Sevilla
| native_name_lang   = es
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities in Spain|Municipality]]
| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
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  | image1 = Sevilla Cathedral - Southeast.jpg
  | caption1 = [[Cathedral of Sevilla|Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See]]
  | image2 = Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg
  | caption2 = [[Torre del Oro]] and River [[Guadalquivir]]
  | image3= Patio de las doncellas edited.jpg
  | caption3 = [[Alcázar of Seville|Alcázar]]
  | image4 = Monumental Plaza de España de Sevilla retouched.jpg
  | caption4 = [[Plaza de España, Seville|Plaza de España]]
  | image5 = Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnación_-_Sevilla.jpg
  | caption5 = [[Metropol Parasol]]
  | image6 = Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG
  | caption6 = [[Triana Bridge]]
}}
| imagesize          =
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| image_flag         = Flag of Sevilla, Spain.svg
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| shield_size        = 90px
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type  =
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| nickname           =
| motto              = [[NO8DO]] ([Ella] No me ha dejado – [She] has not abandoned me)
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Seville|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Seville.}}
| map_caption        = Location of Seville
| coordinates        = {{coord|37|23|24|N|5|59|24|W|region:ES_scale:25000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous Community]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Andalusia]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Seville (province)|Seville]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes =
| government_type    = [[Ayuntamiento (Spain)|Ayuntamiento]]
| governing_body     = [[City Council of Seville|Ayuntamiento de Sevilla]]
| leader_party       = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[José Luis Sanz]]
<!-- Area --------------------->| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes     =
| area_magnitude     =
| area_total_km2     = 140
| area_total_sq_mi   =
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_land_sq_mi    =
| area_water_km2     =
| area_water_sq_mi   =
| area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 7
| elevation_ft       = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2024
| population_total   = 687,488
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est     =
| pop_est_as_of      =
| population_urban   = 1,100,000<ref>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas], 2022</ref>
| population_metro   = 1,519,639
| population_rank    = 4th
| population_demonym = Sevillan, Sevillian<br />''sevillano'' (m.), ''sevillana'' (f.)<br />''hispalense''
<!-- GDP  --------------->| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions|last=|first=|date=|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = €36.785 billion (2020)
<!-- General information --------------->| population_note    =
| timezone1          = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1        = +1
| timezone1_DST      = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +2
| postal_code_type   = Postcode
| postal_code        = 41001–41020, 41070–41071, 41080, 41092
| area_code          =
| blank_name_sec1    =
| blank_info_sec1    =
| website            = {{URL|www.sevilla.org}}
| footnotes          =
| image_dot_map      =
| pushpin_label_position1 = <!-- Location ------------------>
| official_name      =
| module             =
}}

'''Seville''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|v|ɪ|l}} {{respell|sə|VIL}}; {{langx|es|Sevilla}}, {{IPA|es|seˈβiʎa|pron|Pronunciation of Seville in Spanish.ogg}}) is the capital and largest city of the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Andalusia]] and the [[province of Seville]]. It is situated on the lower reaches of the [[Guadalquivir|River Guadalquivir]], in the southwest of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].

Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 {{As of|2022|lc=y}}, and a [[Seville metropolitan area|metropolitan]] population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia and the [[List of metropolitan areas in Spain|fourth-largest city in Spain]]. Its [[old town]], with an area of {{convert|4|km²|0|abbr=out}}, contains a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] comprising three buildings: the [[Alcázar of Seville|Alcázar palace complex]], the [[Seville Cathedral|Cathedral]] and the [[General Archive of the Indies]]. The Seville harbour, located about {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=off}} from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain.<ref name="ESA2020">{{cite web |author1=Staff |title=Seville, Spain |url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/seville-spain |website=earth.esa.int |publisher=ESA Earth Online 2000 - 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321230944/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/seville-spain |archive-date=21 March 2020 |date=2020}}</ref> The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above {{convert|35|°C}} in July and August.

Seville was founded as the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city of {{lang|la|Hispalis}}. Known as ''Ishbiliyah'' after the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Islamic conquest]] in 711, Seville became the centre of the independent [[Taifa of Seville]] following the collapse of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] in the early 11th century; later it was ruled by [[Almoravids]] and [[Almohad dynasty|Almohads]] until being incorporated to the [[Crown of Castile]] in 1248.<ref name="Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 4 (1200–1350)">{{cite book|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 4 (1200–1350)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXDXv-h7K58C|access-date=7 February 2013|date=2012|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-22854-2|page=9}}</ref> Owing to its role as gateway of the [[Spanish Empire]]'s trans-atlantic trade, managed from the [[Casa de Contratación]], Seville became one of the largest cities in [[Western Europe]] in the 16th century. Following a deterioration in drought conditions in the Guadalquivir, the American trade gradually moved away from the city of Seville, in favour initially of downstream-dependent berths and eventually of the [[Bay of Cádiz]] – to which were eventually transferred control of both the [[Spanish treasure fleet|fleets of the Indies]] (1680) and the [[Casa de Contratación]] (1717).<ref>{{Cite journal|title=La organización portuaria del golfo de Cádiz en los siglos XVI y XVII: el Arenal de Sevilla y sus antepuertos|pages=430–431|first=Marcos|url=https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/cnova/article/view/7672/21399/|last=Pachecho Morales-Padrón|year=2021|doi=10.30827/cnova.v0i47.7672|journal=Chronica Nova|volume=47|location=Granada|publisher=[[University of Granada|Editorial Universidad de Granada]]|issn=0210-9611}}</ref>

The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the [[Spanish Civil War]], decisive cultural milestones such as the [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929]] and [[Seville Expo '92|Expo '92]], and the city's election as the capital of the [[Andalusian Autonomous Government|Autonomous Community of Andalusia]].

==Name==
===Etymology and derivatives===
According to Manuel Pellicer Catalán, the name "Sevilla" derives from the ancient name ''Spal'', meaning "lowland" in the [[Phoenician language]] ([[cognate]] to the Hebrew ''[[Shfela]]'' שְּׁפֵלָה and the Arabic ''Asfal'' {{lang|ar|أسفل}}).<ref name="SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla">{{cite book|title=SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFhpAAAAMAAJ|access-date=8 February 2013|year=1998|publisher=Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla|page=93|quote=La presencia de fenicios en la antigua Sevilla parece constatada por el topónimo Spal que en diversas lenguas semíticas significa "zona baja", "llanura verde" o "valle profundo"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=634185&orden=0|title= La Emergencia de Sevilla|publisher= Universidad de Sevilla |access-date=11 May 2011}}</ref> It is ultimately from Phoenician ''sefela'', meaning "plain, valley."<ref>{{OEtymD|Seville|accessdate=21 September 2024}}</ref> ''Hisbaal'' is another old name for Seville. It appears to have originated during the [[Phoenicia]]n colonisation of the [[Tartessos|Tartessian]] culture in south-western Iberia, and according to a new proposal, it refers to the god [[Baal]].<ref>{{cite book |url= http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/15101 |title= De Coripe a Sevilla por Utrera: formación y deformación de topónimos en el habla |publisher= Diputación de Sevilla |access-date= 11 September 2018 |isbn= 978-84-940980-0-0 |date=2013 |archive-date= 24 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210224081740/https://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/15101 }}</ref>

During [[Hispania|Roman rule]], the name was Latinised as {{lang|la|Hispal}} and later as {{lang|la|Hispalis}}. After the [[Umayyad]] invasion, this name remained in use among the [[Mozarabs]],<ref name="Mena 1992"/> being adapted into Arabic as ''Išbīliya'' ({{lang|ar|إشبيلية}}): since the /p/ [[phoneme]] does not exist in Arabic, it was replaced by /b/; the Latin place-name suffix ''-is'' was Arabized as ''-iya'', and ''a'' {{IPA|/æ/}} turned into ''ī'' {{IPA|/iː/}} due to the phonetic phenomenon called ''[[imāla]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biografías mudéjares, o, La experiencia de ser minoría: biografías islámicas en la España cristiana|year=2008|page=394|isbn=978-84-00-08744-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxgsAQAAIAAJ|last1=Echevarria|first1=Ana|publisher=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas }}</ref>

In the meantime, the city's official name had been changed to ''Ḥimṣ al-Andalus'' ({{lang|ar|حمص الأندلس}}), in reference to the city of [[Homs]] in modern Syria, [[Jund Hims|the jund of which]] Seville had been assigned to upon the Umayyad conquest;<ref>{{cite book|last=Gerber|first=Jane S.|year=1992|title=The Jews of Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ry5XyRIl6V4C|page=31|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-0783-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=José María de Mena Plaza & Janés|year=1985|title=Historia de Sevilla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_kqAQAAMAAJ|page=47|publisher=Plaza & Janés |isbn=978-84-01-37200-1}}</ref><ref name="Mena 1992">{{cite book|title=Art and History of Seville|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8SwKYtmy94C|page=6|author=José María de Mena|year=1992| publisher=Casa Editrice Bonechi |isbn = 978-88-7009-851-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Calvert|title=Southern Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCdwDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|page=17|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7340-3692-7}}</ref> "Ḥimṣ al-Andalus" remained a customary and affectionate name for the city during the whole period throughout the Muslim Arab world,<ref name="Mena 1992"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Vinieron los Sarracenos...: el universo mental de la conquista de América|last=Manrique|first=Nelson|year=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1pAAAAMAAJ|page=178|publisher=DESCO |isbn=978-84-89312-04-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages|first=Thomas F.|last=Glick|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWqmebvcjj0C|page=48|publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-14771-3}}</ref> being referred to for example in the encyclopedia of [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages|page=323|first=Thomas F.|last=Glick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAoWAQAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-7837-0098-4}}</ref> or in [[Abu al-Baqa ar-Rundi]]'s ''[[Ritha' al-Andalus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jalel|last=El Gharbi|title=Thrène de Séville|journal=Cahiers de la Méditerranée|issue=79|year=2009|pages=26–30|doi=10.4000/cdlm.4901|url=https://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/4901|language=fr|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The city is sometimes referred to as the "Pearl of Andalusia".

The inhabitants of the city are known as {{lang|es|sevillanos}} (feminine form: {{lang|es|sevillanas}}) or {{lang|es|hispalenses}}, after the Roman name of the city.

===Motto===
''NO8DO'' is the official motto of Seville, popularly believed to be a [[rebus]] signifying the Spanish {{lang|es|No me ha dejado}}, meaning "She [Seville] has not abandoned me". The phrase, pronounced with [[synalepha]] as {{IPA|es|no ma ðeˈxaðo|}} no-madeja-do, is written with an eight in the middle representing the word {{lang|es|madeja}} {{IPA|es|maˈðexa|}} "skein [of wool]". Legend states that the title was given by King [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]], who was resident in the city's [[Alcázar of Seville|Alcázar]] and supported by the citizens when his son, later [[Sancho IV of Castile]], tried to usurp the throne from him.

The emblem is present on Seville's municipal flag, and features on city property such as manhole covers, and [[Christopher Columbus]]'s tomb in the cathedral.

==History==
{{Main|History of Seville|Timeline of Seville}}
Seville is approximately 2,200 years old. The passage of the various civilizations instrumental in its growth has left the city with a distinct personality, and a large and well-preserved historical centre.

===Early periods===
[[File:Tesoro del Carambolo - Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla.jpg|thumb|[[Treasure of El Carambolo]], belonging to the ancient [[Tartessos|Tartessian]] sanctuary located 3 kilometers west of Seville.]]
[[File:Caños de Carmona en calle Luis Montoto (2).jpg|thumb|Section of [[Caños de Carmona]]]]
The mythological founder of the city is Hercules ([[Heracles]]), commonly identified with the Phoenician god [[Melqart]], who the myth says sailed through the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] to the Atlantic, and founded trading posts at the current sites of [[Cádiz]] and of Seville.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://aznalfarache.blogspot.com/2010/09/leyendas-de-sevilla-5-hercules-y-la.html|title= Leyendas de Sevilla – 5 Hércules y la fundación de Sevilla|website=Aznalfarache.blogspot.com |date= 13 September 2010|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> The original core of the city, in the neighbourhood of the present-day street, Cuesta del Rosario, dates to the 8th century BC,<ref name="Salgueiro2007">{{cite book|author=Manuel Jesús Roldán Salgueiro|title=Historia de Sevilla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZXEGgAACAAJ|access-date=9 February 2013|year=2007|publisher=Almuzara|isbn=978-84-88586-24-7}}</ref> when Seville was on an island in the [[Guadalquivir]].<ref name="Mena1985">{{cite book|author=José María de Mena|title=Historia de Sevilla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_kqAQAAMAAJ|access-date=9 February 2013|year=1985|publisher=Plaza & Janés|isbn=978-84-01-37200-1|page=39}}</ref> Archaeological excavations in 1999 found anthropic remains under the north wall of the Real Alcázar dating to the 8th–7th century BC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Proyecto Puntual de Investigación 1999: Intervención Puntual: "Estudios estratigráficos y análisis constructivos"|url=http://www.alcazarsevilla.org/?page_id=33|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317193413/http://www.alcazarsevilla.org/?page_id=33|archive-date=17 March 2015|work=Real Alcázar|publisher=Real Alcázar de Sevilla|language=es|quote=Los restos antrópicos más antiguos se situaban sobre esta terraza, bajo la muralla Septentrional del Alcázar, datados en el s. VII-VIII a.C.|access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref> The town was called ''Hisbaal'' by the Phoenicians and by the Tartessians, the indigenous pre-Roman Iberian people of [[Tartessos]], who controlled the Guadalquivir Valley at the time.

The city was known from [[Hispania|Roman times]] as ''Hispal'' and later as ''Hispalis''. Hispalis developed into one of the great market and industrial centres of Hispania, while the nearby Roman city of [[Italica]] (present-day [[Santiponce]], birthplace of the Roman emperors [[Trajan]] and [[Hadrian]])<ref name="Nash2005">{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Nash|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA8|date=16 September 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-972537-3|page=8}}</ref> remained a typically Roman residential city. Large-scale Roman archaeological remains can be seen there and at the nearby town of [[Carmona, Spain|Carmona]] as well.

Existing Roman features in Seville itself include the remains exposed ''in situ'' in the underground Antiquarium of the [[Metropol Parasol]] building, the remnants of an [[Caños de Carmona|aqueduct]], three pillars of a [[Roman temple|temple]] in ''Mármoles'' Street, the columns of [[La Alameda, Seville|La Alameda de Hércules]] and the remains in the [[Patio de Banderas]] square near the [[Seville Cathedral]]. The walls surrounding the city were originally built during the rule of [[Julius Caesar]], but their current course and design were the result of Moorish reconstructions.<ref name="degelo.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.degelo.com/sevilla/sev3.htm |title=Antiguas Murallas y Puertas de Sevilla |website=Degelo.com |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>

Following Roman rule, there were successive conquests of the Roman province of ''[[Hispania Baetica]]'' by the Germanic [[Vandals]], [[Suebi]] and [[Visigoths]] during the 5th and 6th centuries.

===Middle Ages===
In the wake of the [[Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula]], Seville (''Spalis'') was seemingly taken by [[Musa ibn Nusayr]] in the late summer of 712, while he was on his way to [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]].<ref name=gathane /> Yet it had to be retaken in July 713 by troops led by his son [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa]], as the Visigothic population who had fled to [[Beja, Portugal|Beja]] had returned to Seville once Musa left for Mérida.<ref name=gathane /> The seat of the [[Wali (administrative title)|Wali]] of [[Al-Andalus]] (administrative division of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]) was thus established in the city until 716,<ref name=gathane>{{Cite book|chapter=La influencia del río Guadalquivir en la imagen de la ciudad de Sevilla a lo largo de los siglos|first=José|last=González Athané|title=Paisajes modelados por el agua: entre el arte y la ingeniería |chapter-url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4521997.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4521997.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|year=2012|isbn=978-84-9852-345-4<!--|pages=97-109-->|page=102}}</ref> when the capital of Al-Andalus was relocated to [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].<ref>{{Cite journal|page=167|url=https://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/34/28|location=Madrid|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|Ediciones CSIC]]|last=Calvo Capilla|first=Susana|year=2007|title=Las primeras mezquitas de al-Andalus a través de las fuentes árabes (92/711 – 170/785)|journal=Al-Qanṭara|volume=28|issue=1<!--|pages=143–179-->|doi=10.3989/alqantara.2007.v28.i1.34|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Seville (''Ishbīliya'') [[Viking raid on Seville|was sacked by Vikings]] in the mid-9th century. After Vikings arrived by 25 September 844, Seville fell to invaders on 1 October, and they stood for 40 days before they fled from the city.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Viking raids on the spanish peninsula|first=Rolf|last=Scheen|journal=Militaria: Revista de Cultura Militar|issn=0214-8765|issue=8|year=1996<!--|pages=67–88-->|pages=67 |location=Madrid|publisher=[[Complutense University of Madrid|Ediciones Complutense]]|url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/view/MILT9696110067A/3416}}</ref> During Umayyad rule, under an Andalusi-Arab framework, the bulk of the population were [[Muwallad|Muladi]] converts, to which Christian and Jewish minorities added up.{{Sfn|Valencia|1994|p=136–137; 138}} Up until the arrival of the [[Almohads]] in the 12th century, the city remained as the see of a Metropolitan Archbishop,<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA138|page=138|title=The Legacy of Muslim Spain|editor-first=Salma Khadra|editor-last=Jayyusi|edition=2nd|publisher=[[EJ Brill]]|location=Leiden, New York, Köln|year=1994|chapter=Islamic Seville: Its Political, Social and Cultural History|first=Rafael|last=Valencia|isbn=90-04-09599-3}}</ref> the leading Christian religious figure in al-Andalus. However, the transfer of the relics of [[Isidore of Seville|Saint Isidore]] to [[León, Spain|León]] circa 1063, in the taifa period, already hinted at a possible worsening of the situation of the local Christian minority.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Declive y extinción de la minoría cristiana en la Sevilla andalusí (ss. XI-XII)|first=Alejandro|last=García Sanjuán|journal=Historia. Instituciones. Documentos|issn=0210-7716|issue=31|year=2004<!--pages=269–286-->|url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/historia/31/15%20garcia%20sanjuan.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://institucional.us.es/revistas/historia/31/15%20garcia%20sanjuan.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|pages=271–276}}</ref>

A [[Taifa of Seville|powerful ''taifa'' kingdom with capital in Seville]] emerged after 1023,{{Sfn|Valencia|1994|p=139}} in the wake of the [[fitna of al-Andalus]]. Ruled by the [[Abbadid dynasty]], the taifa grew by aggregation of smaller neighbouring ''taifas''.{{Sfn|Valencia|1994|p=139}} During the taifa period, Seville became an important scholarly and literary centre.{{Sfn|Valencia|1994|p=139}} After several months of siege, Seville was conquered by the [[Almoravids]] in 1091.<ref>{{Cite book|location=Granada|chapter-url=https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/81678/2018%20Valor-Lafuente.%20Sevilla%20taifa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|year=2018|title=Tawa'if. Historia y Arqueología de los reinos taifas|isbn=978-84-949380-2-3|chapter=La Sevilla 'abbādí|first1=Magdalena|last1=Valor Piechotta|first2=Pilar|last2=Lafuente Ibáñez|page=182|editor-first=Bilal|editor-last=Sarr|archive-date=28 September 2021|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928211903/https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/81678/2018%20Valor-Lafuente.%20Sevilla%20taifa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city fell to the Almohads on 17 January 1147 (12 [[Shaʽban]] 541).{{Sfn|El Hour|1999|p=289}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramírez del Río|first=José|year=1999|title=Pueblos de Sevilla en época islámica. Breve recorrido histórico-político|journal=Philologia Hispalensis|volume=13|issue=1|page=19<!--|pages=15–40-->|url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/philologia/13_1/art_2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://institucional.us.es/revistas/philologia/13_1/art_2.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> After an informal Almohad settlement in Seville during the early stages of the Almohad presence in the Iberian Peninsula and then a brief relocation of the capital of al-Andalus to Córdoba in 1162 (which had dire consequences for Seville, reportedly depopulated and under starvation),<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/27507/1/Rachid_Transicion.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/27507/1/Rachid_Transicion.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|chapter=La transición entre las épocas almorávide y almohade vista a través de las familias de ulemas|last=El Hour|first=Rachid|year=1999|page=291|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]|title=Estudios onomástico-biográficos de al-Andalus, IX<!--|pages=261–305-->|isbn=84-00-07860-8}}</ref> Seville became the definitive seat of the Andalusi part of the Almohad Empire in 1163,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10396/3558/12.11.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=La remodelación urbana de Ishbilia a través de la historiografía almohade|issue=12|year=2001|journal=Actas de las II Jornadas Cordobesas de Arqueología Andaluza|doi=10.21071/aac.v0i.11252|first=Enrique Luis|last=Domínguez Berenjeno|pages=178–179|location=Córdoba|publisher=[[University of Córdoba (Spain)|UCOPress]]|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|year=2017|chapter-url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01453002/document|chapter=The story of the Almohads in the Kingdom of Fez and of Morocco|first=Pascal|last=Buresi|title=The Soul of Morocco|pages=105–146}}</ref> a twin capital alongside [[Marrakesh]]. Almohads carried out a large urban renewal.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-first=Maribel|editor-last=Fierro|isbn=978-1-315-62595-9|chapter=Box 2.1 Seville|first=Alejandro|last=García-Sanjuan|title=The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia|year=2020|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=23–25}}</ref> By the end of the 12th century, the walled enclosure perhaps contained 80,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Las ciudades de Andalucía occidental en la Baja Edad Media: sociedad, morfología y funciones urbanas|first=Miguel Ángel|last=Ladero Quesada|page=74|journal= En la España medieval|issn=0214-3038|volume=10|year=1987|location=Madrid|publisher=[[Complutense University of Madrid|Ediciones Complutense]]|url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ELEM/article/view/ELEM8787110069A/24042}}</ref>{{see also|Siege of Seville}}[[File:Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The ''Patio de las Doncellas'' in the [[Alcázar of Seville]]]]
In the wider context of the Castilian–Leonese conquest of the Guadalquivir Valley that ensued in the 13th century, [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] laid siege on Seville in 1247. A [[naval blockade]] came to prevent relief of the city.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://worldencompassed.net/articles/IberianNavalPower.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://worldencompassed.net/articles/IberianNavalPower.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|chapter=Iberian Naval Power, 1000–1650|editor-first=John B.|editor-last=Hattendorf|editor-first2=Richard W.|editor-last2=Unger|page=107|<!--pages=105–118-->publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer]]|year=2002|isbn=978-1-84615-171-2|first=Lawrence V.|last=Mott|title=War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance}}</ref> The city surrendered on 23 November 1248,<ref name="O'Callaghan1975">{{cite book|author=Joseph F. O'Callaghan|title=A History of Medieval Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yA3p6v3UxyIC|access-date=6 February 2013|year=1975|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9264-8|page=353}}</ref> after fifteen months of siege. The conditions of capitulation contemplated the eviction of the population, with contemporary sources seemingly confirming that a mass movement of people out of Seville indeed took place.<ref>{{Cite journal|pages=31–33|journal=[[Hispania. Revista Española de Historia]]|year=2017|volume=LXXVII|issue=255<!--|pages=11-41-->|issn=0018-2141|doi=10.3989/hispania.2017.001|title=La conquista de Sevilla por Fernando III (646 h/1248). Nuevas propuestas a través de la relectura de las fuentes árabes|first=Alejandro|last=García Sanjuán|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas|Editorial CSIC]]|location=Madrid|url=https://hispania.revistas.csic.es/index.php/hispania/article/view/507/502|doi-access=free|hdl=10272/15574|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

The city's development continued after the [[Crown of Castile|Castilian]] conquest in 1248. Public buildings were constructed including churches—many of which were built in the [[Mudéjar]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] styles—such as the Seville Cathedral, built during the 15th century with [[Gothic architecture]].<ref name="Norwich2001">{{cite book|author=John Julius Norwich|title=Great Architecture of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo2BjGYRIT0C|access-date=15 May 2013|date=1 April 2001|publisher=Da Capo Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-306-81042-8|page=271}}</ref> Other Moorish buildings were converted into Catholic edifices, as was customary of the Catholic Church during the ''[[Reconquista]]''. The Moors' Palace became the Castilian royal residence, and during [[Peter of Castile|Pedro I]]'s rule it was replaced by the Alcázar (the upper levels are still used by the [[Spanish royal family]] as the official Seville residence).

{{wide image|Seville panorama.jpg|700px|[[Seville Cathedral|Cathedral of Saint Mary]] from Constitución Avenue}}

In the [[Massacre of 1391|1391 pogrom]] against the Jews, all the synagogues in Seville were converted to churches (renamed Santa María la Blanca, San Bartolomé, Santa Cruz, and Convento Madre de Dios). The Jewish quarter's land and shops (which were located in modern-day [[Santa Cruz, Seville|Santa Cruz neighbourhood]]) were appropriated by the church and many Jewish homes were burned down. 4000 Jews were killed during the pogrom and many others were [[B'nei Anusim|forced to convert]].

The first tribunal of the [[Spanish Inquisition]] was instituted in Seville in 1478. Its primary charge was to ensure that all nominal Christians were really behaving like Christians, and not practicing what Judaism they could in secret. At first, the activity of the Inquisition was limited to the dioceses of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville|Seville]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Córdoba|Córdoba]], where the Dominican friar, Alonso de Ojeda, had detected [[converso]] activity.<ref name = "ojeda">{{cite web | url = http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/longhurst2/06.html | title = The Age of Torquemada, Chapter 6, pg. 79 | last = Longhurst | first = john Edward | publisher = Coronado Press | date = 1 January 1964 | access-date = 22 August 2021 | archive-date = 22 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210822224126/http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/longhurst2/06.html | url-status = dead }} Description of Dominican friar who agitated for the Spanish Inquisition.</ref> The first [[Auto-da-fé|Auto de Fé]] took place in Seville on 6 February 1481, when six people were burned alive. Alonso de Ojeda himself gave the sermon. The Inquisition then grew rapidly. The Plaza de San Francisco was the site of the 'autos de fé'. By 1492, tribunals existed in eight Castilian cities: Ávila, Córdoba, Jaén, Medina del Campo, Segovia, Sigüenza, Toledo, and Valladolid;<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = MacKay | first1 = A. | title = Popular Movements and Pogroms in Fifteenth-Century Castile | year = 1972| journal = Past and Present | issue = 55| pages = 33–67 | doi = 10.1093/past/55.1.33 }}</ref> and by the [[Alhambra Decree]] all Jews were [[anusim|forced to convert]] to Catholicism or be exiled (expelled) from Spain.<ref name="Levine">Levine Melammed, Renee. "Women in Medieval Jewish Societies." ''Women and Judaism: New Insights and Scholarship''. Ed. Frederick E. Greenspahn. New York: New York University Press, 2009. 105–106.</ref>

===Early modern period===
Following the [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|Columbian exploration]] of the [[New World]], Seville was chosen as headquarters of the [[Casa de Contratación]] in 1503, which was the decisive development for Seville becoming the port and gateway to the Indies.{{Sfn|Pérez-Mallaína|1997|p=15}} Unlike other harbors, reaching the port of Seville required sailing about {{convert|80|km}} up the River Guadalquivir. The choice of Seville was made in spite of the difficulties for navigation in the Guadalquivir stemming from the increasing [[tonnage]] of ships as a result of the relentless drive to make maritime transport cheaper during the late Middle Ages.{{Sfn|Pérez-Mallaína|1997|p=16}} Nevertheless, technical suitability issues notwithstanding, the choice was still reasonable in the sense that Seville had become the largest demographic, economic and financial centre of Christian Andalusia in the late Middle Ages.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/carav_1147-6753_1997_num_69_1_2753|title=Auge y decadencia del puerto de Sevilla como cabecera de las rutas indianas|year=1997|last=Pérez-Mallaína|first=Pablo E.|pages=15–16|journal=Caravelle. Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien<!--|pages=15–39-->|volume=69|doi=10.3406/carav.1997.2753|hdl=11441/101782|hdl-access=free}}</ref> In addition, factors favouring the choice of Seville include the Andalusian coastline being largely under the seigneurial control of the [[House of Medina Sidonia]], Seville enjoying an important hinterland and administrative expertise, and its inland location also providing conditions for military security and enforcement of tax control.{{Sfn|Pacheco Morales-Padrón|2021|pp=408–409}}

A 'golden age of development' commenced in Seville, due to its being the only port awarded the royal monopoly for trade with [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish Americas]] and the influx of riches from them. Since only [[Winds in the Age of Sail|sailing ships]] leaving from and returning to the inland port of Seville could engage in trade with the Spanish Americas, merchants from Europe and other trade centers needed to be in Seville to acquire New World trade goods. The city's population grew to more than a hundred thousand people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://personal.us.es/alporu/histsevilla/poblacion.htm |title=Demografía de Sevilla en el siglo XVI|publisher=Seville University |access-date=23 July 2012}}</ref>
[[File:La sevilla del sigloXVI.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|Seville in the late 16th century, [[Museum of America]], Madrid]]
[[File:Gran peste de Sevilla.jpg|thumb|right|Anonymous painting illustrating the effects of the 1649 plague]]
In the early 17th c., Seville's monopoly on overseas trade was broken, with the port of [[Cádiz]] now the monopoly port of trade as [[Siltation|silting]] of the Guadalquivir river in the 1620s made Seville's harbors harder to use.<ref name="Nash-2005">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&q=history+of+seville&pg=PA1|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History|last=Nash|first=Elizabeth|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-518204-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm|title=Chapter 15: A History of Spain and Portugal|website=libro.uca.edu|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> The [[Great Plague of Seville]] in 1649, exacerbated by excessive flooding of the Guadalquivir, reduced the population by almost half, and it did not recover until the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1999/6/99.06.01.x.html |title=99.06.01: Human-Environment Relations: A Case Study of Donana National Park, Andalucia, Spain and the Los Frailes Mine Toxic Spill of 1998 |website=Yale.edu |access-date=10 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEuFAgAAQBAJ&q=seville+plague+1649&pg=PA38|title=Early Modern Spain: A Social History|last=Casey|first=James|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-1-134-62380-8|pages=37–38}}</ref> By the 18th century, Seville's international importance was in steep decline, after the monopoly port for the trade to the Americas was relocated to Cádiz. Cádiz had gifted the Bourbon claimant to the throne in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] funding that helped it pursue the war. The reward to Cádiz was the rights of the monopoly port. The [[Casa de Contratación|House of Trade]] (which registered ships, cargoes, and persons travelling to the New World), and the large scale overseas commercial enterprises of the [[Consulado de mercaders|merchant guild]] relocated to Cádiz. The House of Trade had been housed in rented quarters, but the purpose-built headquarters of the merchant guild was left vacant.<ref>Byron Ellsworth Hamann, ''The Invention of the Colonial Americas: Data, Architecture, and the Archive of the Indies, 1781-1844''. Los Angeles: Getty Publications 2022</ref>

During the monarchy of [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]], the [[Archive of the Indies]] was established in Seville in the old headquarters of the merchant guild. Documents pertaining to Spain's overseas empire were moved there from existing archival repositories, including [[Simancas]] and the House of Trade, were consolidated in a single repository. One scholar argues that the establishment of the [[General Archive of the Indies|Archive of the Indies]] marks a decisive moment in Spain's history, with the 18th c. Bourbon monarchy conceiving of its overseas territories as colonies of the metropole rather than entities under the jurisdiction of the crown on an equal basis as the kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula.<ref>Hamann, ''The Invention of the Colonial Americas: Data, Architecture, and the Archive of the Indies, 1781-1844'', 1</ref>

[[File:Domingo Martínez, Real máscara de la fábrica de tabacos.jpg|thumb|right|1747 parade organized by the workers of the [[Royal Tobacco Factory]]]]
During the 18th century Charles III promoted Seville's industries. Construction of the [[Royal Tobacco Factory|''Real Fábrica de Tabacos'' (Royal Tobacco Factory)]] began in 1728. It was the second-largest building in Spain, after the royal residence [[El Escorial]].{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} Since the 1950s it has been the seat of the rectorate (administration) of the [[University of Seville]], as well as its Schools of Law, Philology (language/letters), Geography, and History.<ref>{{cite web|title=Un campus, una ciudad.|url=http://www.us.es/campus/index.html|publisher=Universidad de Sevilla|access-date=15 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325075137/http://www.us.es/campus/index.html}}</ref>

More operas have been set in Seville than in any other city of Europe. In 2012, a study of experts concluded the total number of operas set in Seville is 153. Among the composers who fell in love with the city are [[Beethoven]] (''[[Fidelio]]''), [[Mozart]] (''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' and ''[[Don Giovanni]]''), [[Rossini]] (''[[The Barber of Seville]]''), [[Donizetti]] (''[[La favorite]]''), and [[Bizet]] (''[[Carmen]]'').<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.terratraditionsconsulting.com/the-explorador/traditions-culture/seville-and-the-opera/|title= Seville and the Opera, a true love affair|author= Mounielou, Jean Francois|publisher= Terra Traditions|date= 21 February 2017|access-date= 20 May 2018|archive-date= 22 May 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112814/https://www.terratraditionsconsulting.com/the-explorador/traditions-culture/seville-and-the-opera/}}</ref>

The first newspaper in Spain outside of Madrid was Seville's ''Hebdomario útil de Seville'', which began publication in 1758.

===Late modern history===
[[File:Muelle y Torre del Oro Sevilla, RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|The Torre del Oro and the harbor in the second half of the 19th century]]
Between 1825 and 1833, [[Melchor Cano]] acted as chief architect in Seville; most of the urban planning policy and architectural modifications of the city were made by him and his collaborator Jose Manuel Arjona y Cuba.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Antigüedad del Castillo-Olivares|first=María Dolores|title=El arquitecto Melchor Cano y la teoría de la ciudad. Espacio, Tiempo y Forma|journal=Historia del Arte|year=1990|volume=3|series=VII|pages=417–439|publisher=UNED|location=Madrid}}</ref>

Industrial architecture surviving today from the first half of the 19th century includes the ceramics factory installed in the [[List of Carthusian monasteries|Carthusian monastery]] at [[Isla de La Cartuja|La Cartuja]] in 1841 by the Pickman family, and now home to the El Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (CAAC),<ref name="al">{{cite book|author=Santiago Cirugeda|title=Collectives Architectures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3Qvay8hgB0C|access-date=2 February 2013|publisher=Vibok Works|isbn=978-84-939058-2-8|display-authors=etal}}</ref> which manages the collections of the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Sevilla.<ref name="NavarroTorres2002">{{cite book|author1=Cristóbal Belda Navarro|author2=María Teresa Marín Torres|title=Quince Miradas Sobre Los Museos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xjBGLazWVH4C|access-date=2 February 2013|year=2002|publisher=Editum|isbn=978-84-8371-311-2|page=260}}</ref> It also houses the rectory of the UNIA.<ref>{{cite web|title=La UNIA acoge en Sevilla unas jornadas de arteypensamiento sobre Capital y Territorio |url=http://www.unia.es/content/view/3232/164/ |publisher=Universidad Internacional de Andalucía |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108030540/http://www.unia.es/content/view/3232/164/ |archive-date=8 January 2014 }}</ref>

In the years that Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabel II]] ruled directly, about 1843–1868, the Sevillian bourgeoisie invested in a construction boom unmatched in the city's history. The [[Puente de Isabel II|Isabel II bridge]], better known as the Triana bridge, dates from this period; street lighting was expanded in the municipality and most of the streets were paved during this time as well.<ref name=A>Diego A. Cardoso Bueno: ''Sevilla. El Casco Antiguo. Historia, Arte y Urbanismo''. Ediciones Guadalquivir (2006). {{ISBN|84-8093-154-X}}. Consultado el 24 March 2010</ref>

By the second half of the 19th century, Seville had begun an expansion supported by railway construction and the demolition of part of its ancient walls, allowing the urban space of the city to grow eastward and southward. The ''Sevillana de Electricidad'' Company was created in 1894 to provide electric power throughout the municipality,<ref>Fernández Paradas, Mercedes; ''[http://www.adurcal.com/enlaces/mancomunidad/historia/electri/electri.htm La implantación del alumbrado público de electricidad en la Andalucía del primer del tercio del S. XX]'', Universidad de Málaga, España [04-09-2012].</ref> and in 1901 the ''Plaza de Armas'' railway station was inaugurated.
[[File:Expo sevilla 1929 poster.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.66|Poster for the [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929]]]]
The [[Museum of Fine Arts of Seville|Museum of Fine Arts]] ''(Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla)'' opened in 1904.

In 1929 the city hosted the [[Ibero-American Exposition of 1929|Ibero-American Exposition]], which accelerated the southern expansion of the city and created new public spaces such as the ''[[Parque de María Luisa]]'' (Maria Luisa Park) and the adjoining [[Plaza de España, Seville|''Plaza de España'']]. Not long before the opening, the Spanish government began a modernisation of the city in order to prepare for the expected crowds by erecting new hotels and widening the mediaeval streets to allow for the movement of automobiles.<ref name="Luce1929">{{cite magazine|author=Henry Robinson Luce|title=Time|magazine=Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2CI7AQAAIAAJ|access-date=6 February 2013|volume=13|date=January 1929|page=25}}</ref>
[[File:EL GRAL. VARELA EN UN DISCURSO EN UN BALCÓN. AUTOR- ANÓNIMO.jpg|thumb|right|[[José Enrique Varela|General Varela]] rallying military and civilians in Seville (September 1936)]]
Seville fell very quickly at the beginning of the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936. General [[Queipo de Llano]] carried out a coup within the city, quickly capturing the city centre.<ref name="Thomas">''The Spanish Civil War'', Hugh Thomas, Penguin, 1961, pp. 221–223, {{ISBN|0-14-013593-6}}</ref> Radio Seville opposed the uprising and called for the peasants to come to the city for arms, while workers' groups established barricades.<ref name="Thomas"/> Queipo then moved to capture Radio Seville, which he used to broadcast propaganda on behalf of the Francoist forces.<ref name="Thomas"/> After the initial takeover of the city, resistance continued among residents of the working-class neighbourhoods for some time, until a series of fierce reprisals took place.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ncWULEubPQC&q=seville+fell+1936&pg=PA93 |title=Lonely Planet Andalucia|via=Google Books |date= 1 January 2007|access-date=10 April 2011|isbn=978-1-74059-973-3|last1=Noble|first1=John|last2=Forsyth|first2=Susan|last3=Maric|first3=Vesna|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications }}</ref>

Under [[Francisco Franco]]'s rule Spain was officially neutral in World War II (although it did collaborate with the [[Axis powers]]),<ref name="Payne2008">{{cite book|author=Stanley G. Payne|title=Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qNF0BQO7qKAC&pg=PA123|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-12282-4|page=123}}</ref><ref name="Bowen2006">{{cite book|author=Wayne H. Bowen|title=Spain During World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/spainduringworld00bowe_0|url-access=registration|year=2006|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0-8262-6515-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/spainduringworld00bowe_0/page/25 25]}}</ref><ref name="Corporation2004">{{cite book|author=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|title=History of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oD9Z3omHy3IC&pg=PA611|date=January 2004|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7482-1|page=611}}</ref> and like the rest of the country, Seville remained largely economically and culturally isolated from the outside world. In 1953 the shipyard of Seville was opened, eventually employing more than 2,000 workers in the 1970s. Before the existence of wetlands regulation in the Guadalquivir basin, Seville suffered regular heavy flooding; perhaps worst of all were the floods that occurred in November 1961 when the River Tamarguillo, a tributary of the Guadalquivir, overflowed as a result of a prodigious downpour of rain, and Seville was consequently declared a disaster zone.<ref name="PfisterBrázdil2013">{{cite book|author1=Christian Pfister|author2=Rudolf Brázdil|author3=Rüdiger Glaser|title=Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLjUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA272|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-015-9259-8|page=272}}</ref>

Trade unionism in Seville began during the 1960s with the underground organisational activities of the Workers' Commissions or Comisiones Obreras (CCOO), in factories such as Hytasa, the Astilleros shipyards, Hispano Aviación, etc. Several of the movement's leaders were arrested in 1972, and later sentenced to prison in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Público |date=24 June 2022 |title=Cincuenta años del Proceso 1001: el juicio del franquismo a la clase obrera |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/cincuenta-anos-proceso-1001-juicio-franquismo-clase-obrera.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=www.publico.es |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Tribunal de Orden Público sentencia a prisión a los líderes del sindicato Comisiones Obreras con Marcelino Camacho a la cabeza |url=https://lahemerotecadelbuitre.com/piezas/el-tribunal-de-orden-publico-sentencia-a-penas-de-carcel-a-los-lideres-del-sindicato-comunista-comisiones-obreras-a-la-cabeza/ |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=La Hemeroteca del Buitre |language=es}}</ref>

=== Recent developments ===
On 3 April 1979 Spain held its first democratic municipal elections after the end of Franco's dictatorship; councillors representing four different political parties were elected in Seville. On 5 November 1982, [[Pope John Paul II]] arrived in Seville to officiate at a Mass before more than half a million people at the fairgrounds. He visited the city again on 13 June 1993, for the International Eucharistic Congress.

[[File:Expo Sevilla002.jpg|thumb|European Union pavilion of the [[Seville Expo '92|1992 Universal Exposition]] as it was at the time.]]
In 1992, coinciding with the fifth centenary of the [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|Discovery of the Americas]], the [[Seville Expo '92|Universal Exposition]] was held for six months in Seville, on the occasion of which the local communications network and urban infrastructure was greatly improved under a 1987 [[PGOU]] plan launched by Mayor [[Manuel del Valle]]:<ref name=abc>{{cite news |title=Muere Manuel del Valle, el exalcalde de Sevilla que rediseñó la ciudad |url=https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-muere-manuel-valle-exalcalde-sevilla-rediseno-ciudad-202003262158_noticia.html |work=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |date=27 March 2020 |access-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414030349/https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-muere-manuel-valle-exalcalde-sevilla-rediseno-ciudad-202003262158_noticia.html |archive-date=14 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> the SE-30 ring road around the city was completed and new highways were constructed; the new [[Seville-Santa Justa railway station]] had opened in 1991, while the Spanish High-Speed Rail system, the ''[[Alta Velocidad Española]]'' (AVE), began to operate between Madrid-Seville. The [[Seville Airport]] was expanded with a new terminal building designed by the architect [[Rafael Moneo]], and various other improvements were made. The [[Puente del Alamillo|Alamillo Bridge]] and the [[Centenario Bridge]], both crossing over the Guadalquivir, also were built for the occasion. Some of the installations remaining at the site after the exposition were converted into the Scientific and Technological Park [[Cartuja 93]].

In 2004 the Metropol Parasol project, commonly known as ''Las Setas'' ('The Mushrooms'), due to the appearance of the structure, was launched to revitalise the ''Plaza de la Encarnación'', for years used as a car park and seen as a dead spot between more popular tourist destinations in the city. The Metropol Parasol was completed in March 2011,<ref>{{cite news|author=Rowan Moore |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/mar/27/metropol-parasol-seville-mayer-review |title=Metropol Parasol, Seville by Jürgen Mayer H – review &#124; Art and design |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> costing just over €102&nbsp;million in total, more than twice as much as originally planned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevilla.abc.es/20120508/sevilla/sevi-factura-final-setas-millones-201205072258.html|title=La factura final de las "setas" es de 102 millones, el doble de lo presupuestado|last=barba|first=eduardo|website=ABC de Sevilla|access-date=2 March 2016|date=7 May 2012}}</ref> Constructed from crossed wooden beams, ''Las Setas'' is said to be the largest timber-framed structure in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/metropol-parasol.htm|title=Metropol Parasol Urban Project in Seville|website=Andalucia.com|date=6 December 2011|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref>

{{wide image|Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg|800px|''[[Metropol Parasol]]'', locally also known as ''Las Setas,'' by the German architect [[Jürgen Mayer]]}}

==Geography==
===Location===
[[File:(Sevilla) Seville, Spain (49104522676) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Satellite imagery of Seville ([[Sentinel-2]], [[Copernicus Programme]], [[European Space Agency]])]]
[[File:MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Seville sheet of MTN50 (Spain's National Topographic Map at 1:50,000 scale), at its first digital edition (year 2006).]]
Seville has an area of {{convert|141|km2|0|abbr=on}}, according to the National Topographic Map ''(Mapa Topográfico Nacional)'' series from the ''Instituto Geográfico Nacional&nbsp;– Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica'', the country's civilian survey organisation (pages 984, 985 and 1002). The city is situated in the fertile valley of the River Guadalquivir. The average height [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] is {{convert|7|m|0|abbr=off}}. Most of the city is on the east side of the river, while [[Triana, Seville|Triana]], [[La Cartuja, Seville|La Cartuja]] and [[Los Remedios, Seville|Los Remedios]] are on the west side. The [[Albaida del Aljarafe|Aljarafe]] region lies further west, and is considered part of the [[Seville metropolitan area|metropolitan area]]. The city has boundaries on the north with [[La Rinconada, Andalusia|La Rinconada]], [[La Algaba]] and [[Santiponce]]; on the east with [[Alcalá de Guadaira]]; on the south with [[Dos Hermanas]] and [[Gelves]] and on the west with [[San Juan de Aznalfarache]], [[Tomares]] and [[Camas, Seville|Camas]].

Seville is on the same [[37th parallel north|parallel]] as United States west coast city [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] in central California. [[São Miguel Island|São Miguel]], the main island of the [[Azores]] archipelago, lies on the same latitude. Further east from Seville in the [[Mediterranean Basin]], it is on the same latitude as [[Catania]] in Sicily, Italy and just south of [[Athens]], the capital of [[Greece]]. Beyond that, it is located on the same parallel as South Korean capital, [[Seoul]]. Seville is located inland, not very far from the Andalusian coast, but still sees a much more continental climate than the nearest port cities, [[Cádiz]] and [[Huelva]]. Its distance from the sea makes summers in Sevilla much hotter than along the coastline.

===Climate===
[[File:Toits Guadalquivir ponts Séville Espagne.jpg|thumb|Skyline of Seville from the top of the [[Giralda]]]]
Seville's climate is a very [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa''), featuring very hot, long, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall.<ref>{{cite journal|author=M. Kottek|author2=J. Grieser |author3=C. Beck |author4=B. Rudolf |author5=F. Rubel |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorol. Z.|volume=15|pages=259–263|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|access-date=22 April 2009|year=2006|issue=3|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K }}</ref> Seville has an annual average temperature of {{convert|19.6|C|F|0}}. The annual average temperature is {{convert|25.7|C|F|0}} during the day and {{convert|13.3|C|F|0}} at night.<ref>{{cite web|title=Valores climatológicos normales. Sevilla Aeropuerto|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=5783&k=and|publisher=[[AEMET]]|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Seville is located in the [[Baetic Depression|Guadalquivir Valley]], which is often referred to as "the frying pan of Spain", as it features the hottest cities in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2001 |title=Europe's hottest spot? Let's have a heated debate |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/europe-s-hottest-spot-let-s-have-a-heated-debate-5363962.html |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Puentes |first=Carlos |date=22 August 2018 |title=La 'sartén' de España: una cuestión orográfica con acento cordobés |url=https://cordopolis.eldiario.es/cordoba-hoy/sarten-espana-cuestion-orografica-acento-cordobes_1_7127022.html |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Cordópolis |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bermejo |first=Nicolás |date=9 August 2018 |title=¿Por qué el valle del Guadalquivir es la "sartén" de España? |url=https://aemetblog.es/2018/08/09/por-que-el-valle-del-guadalquivir-es-la-sarten-de-espana/ |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=[[AEMET]]blog |language=es}}</ref>

Seville is the warmest city in [[Continental Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=CartujaQanat – Recovering the Street Life in a Climate Changing World Journal 2: How is Sevilla moving the needle in the fight to urban climate transformation|url=https://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/news/cartujaqanat-recovering-street-life-climate-changing-world-journal-2-how-sevilla-moving-needle|publisher=UIA Initiative. [[European Union]].|access-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130083925/https://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/news/cartujaqanat-recovering-street-life-climate-changing-world-journal-2-how-sevilla-moving-needle|archive-date=30 November 2021|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> It is also the hottest major metropolitan area in Europe, with summer average high temperatures of above {{convert|36|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/seville-spain/|title=Seville, Spain|work=[[European Space Agency]]|access-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125012241/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/seville-spain/ |archive-date=25 January 2021 |date=2022}}</ref> and the hottest in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cope.es/actualidad/espana/noticias/cual-ciudad-mas-calurosa-espana-cordoba-murcia-sevilla-entre-las-candidatas-20210703_1374370|title=¿Cuál es la ciudad más calurosa de España?|website=[[Cadena COPE]]|date=3 July 2021|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> After the city of [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Córdoba]] (also in Andalusia), Seville has the hottest summer in [[Europe]] among all cities with a population over 100,000 people, with average daily highs above {{convert|36.0|C|F|0}} in July and August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Las ciudades donde hace más calor de España|url=https://www.lasexta.com/viajestic/escapadas/ciudades-donde-hace-mas-calor-espana_2016071157ea513c0cf26658235dc177.html|publisher=[[La Sexta]]|language=es|date=14 July 2016|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> On average, Seville has around 60 days a year with maximum temperatures over {{convert|35.0|C|F}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AEMET OpenData |url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/productosAEMET? |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=opendata.aemet.es}}</ref>

Temperatures above {{convert|40|C|F|0}} are not uncommon in summer. In fact, it became the first city in the world to name a [[heat wave]], with a nickname "Zoe".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Heatwave Yago: Here's why Seville is naming its extreme heat events |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/06/26/heatwave-yago-dangerous-heat-event-named-in-seville-for-the-second-time-ever |access-date=8 January 2024 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> The hottest temperature extreme of {{convert|46.6|C|F|0}} was registered by the weather station at [[Seville Airport]] on 23 July 1995 while the coldest temperature extreme of {{convert|-5.5|C|F|0}} was also registered by the airport weather station on 12 February 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5783&datos=det&x=5783&m=13&v=todos |title=Sevilla Aeropuerto: Sevilla Aeropuerto - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |language=es|website=Aemet.es |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> A historical record high (disputed) of {{convert|50.0|C|F|0}} was recorded on 4 August 1881, according to the [[NOAA]] Satellite and Information Service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Highest Temperature Extremes|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html|publisher=NOAA Satellite and Information Service|access-date=29 August 2012|archive-date=28 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128084534/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html}}</ref> There is an unaccredited record by the National Institute of Meteorology of {{convert|47.2|C|F|0}} on 1 August during the [[2003 European heat wave|2003 heat wave]], according to a weather station (83910 LEZL) located in the southern part of Seville Airport, near the former US San Pablo Air Force Base. This temperature would be one of the highest ever recorded in Spain, yet it hasn't been officially confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asociacionceat.org/a/paginas/gore-sevilla_pl56.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asociacionceat.org/a/paginas/gore-sevilla_pl56.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Bomberos de Sevilla. Alta protección y confort bajo condiciones climatológicas extremas. |language=es|website=asociacionceat.org |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref>

The average sunshine hours in Seville are approximately 3250-3300 per year. Snowfall is virtually unknown. Since the year 1500, only 10 snowfalls have been recorded/reported in Seville. During the 20th century, Seville registered just 2 snowfalls, the last one on 2 February 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/20140203/sevi-aniversario-nevada-sevilla-201402021916.html|title=Sevilla cumple sesenta años sin ver la nieve en sus calles|website=ABC|location=Spain|date=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foro.tiempo.com/ultimas-10-nevadas-sobre-sevilla-t5323.0.html|title=Últimas 10 nevadas sobre Sevilla|website=Foro de Tiempo.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref>
* Winters are mild: December and January are the coolest months, with average maximum temperatures around {{convert|16|to|18|C|F|0}} and minimums of {{convert|6|to|7|C|F|0}}.
* Summers are very hot: July and August are the hottest months, with average maximum temperatures around {{convert|36|C|F|0}} and minimums of {{convert|21|C|F|0}}.
* The average yearly [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is of {{convert|502|mm|1|abbr=on}} and there are around 50 rainy days per year, with frequent [[torrential rain]]. December is the wettest month, with an average rainfall around {{convert|80|mm|in|1}}.

{{Weather box
| location = [[Seville Airport]] (1991-2020), extremes (1941–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 24.2
| Feb record high C = 28.0
| Mar record high C = 32.9
| Apr record high C = 36.9
| May record high C = 41.0
| Jun record high C = 45.2
| Jul record high C = 46.6
| Aug record high C = 45.9
| Sep record high C = 44.8
| Oct record high C = 37.4
| Nov record high C = 31.2
| Dec record high C = 24.5
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 16.3
| Feb high C = 18.3
| Mar high C = 21.6
| Apr high C = 24.0
| May high C = 28.2
| Jun high C = 32.9
| Jul high C = 36.3
| Aug high C = 36.2
| Sep high C = 31.6
| Oct high C = 26.3
| Nov high C = 20.3
| Dec high C = 16.9
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 11.2
| Feb mean C = 12.7
| Mar mean C = 15.6
| Apr mean C = 17.8
| May mean C = 21.6
| Jun mean C = 25.7
| Jul mean C = 28.5
| Aug mean C = 28.6
| Sep mean C = 25.0
| Oct mean C = 20.6
| Nov mean C = 15.2
| Dec mean C = 12.2
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 6.0
| Feb low C = 7.0
| Mar low C = 9.5
| Apr low C = 11.6
| May low C = 14.9
| Jun low C = 18.5
| Jul low C = 20.7
| Aug low C = 20.9
| Sep low C = 18.4
| Oct low C = 14.9
| Nov low C = 10.1
| Dec low C = 7.4
| Jan record low C = -4.4
| Feb record low C = -5.5
| Mar record low C = -2.0
| Apr record low C = 1.0
| May record low C = 3.8
| Jun record low C = 8.4
| Jul record low C = 11.4
| Aug record low C = 12.0
| Sep record low C = 8.6
| Oct record low C = 2.0
| Nov record low C = -1.4
| Dec record low C = -4.8
| year record low C = -5.5
| year low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 56.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 46.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 46.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 51.5
| May precipitation mm = 33.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 5.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 2.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 33.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 75.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 72.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 77.2
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan precipitation days = 5.9
| Feb precipitation days = 5.3
| Mar precipitation days = 5.5
| Apr precipitation days = 6.0
| May precipitation days = 4.2
| Jun precipitation days = 1.0
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.4
| Sep precipitation days = 2.8
| Oct precipitation days = 6.3
| Nov precipitation days = 6.1
| Dec precipitation days = 6.5
| year precipitation days =
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan humidity = 73
| Feb humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 61
| Apr humidity = 57
| May humidity = 51
| Jun humidity = 45
| Jul humidity = 42
| Aug humidity = 45
| Sep humidity = 53
| Oct humidity = 62
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 74
| year humidity =
| Jan sun = 189
| Feb sun = 198
| Mar sun = 229
| Apr sun = 255
| May sun = 307
| Jun sun = 339
| Jul sun = 369
| Aug sun = 347
| Sep sun = 261
| Oct sun = 229
| Nov sun = 192
| Dec sun = 174
| year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 62
| Feb percentsun = 65
| Mar percentsun = 62
| Apr percentsun = 64
| May percentsun = 70
| Jun percentsun = 77
| Jul percentsun = 82
| Aug percentsun = 83
| Sep percentsun = 70
| Oct percentsun = 66
| Nov percentsun = 63
| Dec percentsun = 58
| year percentsun =
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia]] (AEMET OpenData)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData | title=AEMET OpeenData |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia]] |access-date=12 May 2024 }}</ref>
| source =
}}

{{Weather box
| location = [[Seville Airport]] (1981–2010)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| collapsed = yes
| Jan high C = 16.2
| Feb high C = 18.1
| Mar high C = 21.9
| Apr high C = 23.4
| May high C = 27.2
| Jun high C = 32.2
| Jul high C = 36.0
| Aug high C = 35.5
| Sep high C = 31.7
| Oct high C = 26.0
| Nov high C = 20.2
| Dec high C = 16.6
| year high C = 25.4
| Jan mean C = 11.0
| Feb mean C = 12.5
| Mar mean C = 15.6
| Apr mean C = 17.3
| May mean C = 20.7
| Jun mean C = 25.1
| Jul mean C = 28.2
| Aug mean C = 27.9
| Sep mean C = 25.0
| Oct mean C = 20.2
| Nov mean C = 15.1
| Dec mean C = 11.9
| year mean C = 19.2
| Jan low C = 5.7
| Feb low C = 7.0
| Mar low C = 9.2
| Apr low C = 11.1
| May low C = 14.2
| Jun low C = 18.0
| Jul low C = 20.3
| Aug low C = 20.4
| Sep low C = 18.2
| Oct low C = 14.4
| Nov low C = 10.0
| Dec low C = 7.3
| year low C = 13.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 66
| Feb precipitation mm = 50
| Mar precipitation mm = 36
| Apr precipitation mm = 54
| May precipitation mm = 31
| Jun precipitation mm = 10
| Jul precipitation mm = 2
| Aug precipitation mm = 5
| Sep precipitation mm = 27
| Oct precipitation mm = 68
| Nov precipitation mm = 91
| Dec precipitation mm = 99
| year precipitation mm = 539
| Jan precipitation days = 6.1
| Feb precipitation days = 5.8
| Mar precipitation days = 4.3
| Apr precipitation days = 6.1
| May precipitation days = 3.7
| Jun precipitation days = 1.3
| Jul precipitation days = 0.2
| Aug precipitation days = 0.5
| Sep precipitation days = 2.4
| Oct precipitation days = 6.1
| Nov precipitation days = 6.4
| Dec precipitation days = 7.5
| year precipitation days = 50.5
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan humidity = 71
| Feb humidity = 67
| Mar humidity = 59
| Apr humidity = 57
| May humidity = 53
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 44
| Aug humidity = 48
| Sep humidity = 54
| Oct humidity = 62
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 74
| year humidity = 59
| Jan sun = 183
| Feb sun = 189
| Mar sun = 220
| Apr sun = 238
| May sun = 293
| Jun sun = 317
| Jul sun = 354
| Aug sun = 328
| Sep sun = 244
| Oct sun = 217
| Nov sun = 181
| Dec sun = 154
| year sun = 2918
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref name="AEMET">{{cite web|title=Valores climatológicos normales. Sevilla Aeropuerto|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=5783&k=and|publisher=[[AEMET]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Valores extremos. Sevilla Aeropuerto|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5783&datos=det&x=5783&m=13&v=todos|publisher=[[AEMET]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>
| date = August 2023
| source =
}}

==Government==
===Municipal government and administration===
{{Main|City Council of Seville}}
[[File:15.06.13-Toma-7- posesión Juan Espadas (18154377593).jpg|thumb|Plenary meeting of the municipal council in the [[Casa consistorial de Sevilla|Seville's city hall]], seat of {{lang|es|Ayuntamiento}}.]]
Seville is a [[Municipalities of Spain|municipality]], the basic level of local government in Spain. The [[Ayuntamiento (Spain)|Ayuntamiento]] is the body charged with the municipal government and administration. The Plenary of the ''ayuntamiento'' is formed by 31 elected municipal councillors, who in turn invest the [[Alcalde|mayor]]. The [[2023 Seville City Council election|last municipal election]] took place on 28 May 2023. The current mayor is [[José Luis Sanz]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]), who has held the post since 17 June 2023.

===Regional and provincial capital===
Seville is the capital of the autonomous community of [[Andalusia]], according to Article 4 of the [[Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia]] of 2007, and is the capital of the [[Province of Seville]] as well. The historical building of the [[Palace of San Telmo]] is now the seat of the presidency of the [[Andalusian Autonomous Government]]. The administrative headquarters are in Torre Triana, in [[La Cartuja, Seville|La Cartuja]]. The [[Hospital de las Cinco Llagas]] (literally, "Hospital of the Five Holy Wounds") is the current seat of the [[Parliament of Andalusia]].

===Districts and neighbourhoods===
{{Main|Districts and neighbourhoods of Seville}}
The municipal administration is decentralized into 11 districts, further divided into 108 neighbourhoods.
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Casco Antiguo]]
* Distrito Sur
* [[Triana, Seville|Triana]]
* [[Macarena, Seville|Macarena]]
* [[Nervión, Seville|Nervión]]
* [[Los Remedios, Seville|Los Remedios]]
* Este-Alcosa-Torreblanca
* Cerro-Amate
* [[Bellavista-La Palmera]]
* San Pablo-Santa Justa
{{Div col end}}[[File:Distritos Sevilla.svg]]

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1842|100498|1857|112529|1860|118298|1877|133247|1887|143840|1897|145728|1900|147271|1910|153258|1920|205723|1930|217788|1940|302300|1950|374138|1960|441869|1970|545692|1981|645817|1991|683028|2001|684633|2011|698042|2021|684340|source=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Changes in the municipalities in the population census since 1842|url=https://www.ine.es/intercensal/inicio.do|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]|language=es}}</ref>}}As of the 2021 census, the population is 684,340, down 2% from 2011 after a long period of continuous growth.

==Main sights==
{{Main|Sights and landmarks of Seville}}
Seville is a big tourist centre in Spain. In 2018, there were over 2.5-million travellers and tourists who stayed at a tourist accommodation, placing it third in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona. The city has an overall low level of seasonality, so there are tourists year-round.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guaita Martínez |first1=José Manuel |last2=Martín Martín |first2=José María |last3=Salinas Fernández |first3=Jose Antonio |last4=Mogorrón-Guerrero |first4=Helena |title=An analysis of the stability of rural tourism as a desired condition for sustainable tourism |journal=Journal of Business Research |date=July 2019 |volume=100 |pages=165–174 |doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.033 |s2cid=159374518 |hdl=10481/87452 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> There are many landmarks, museums, parks, gardens and other kinds of tourist spots around the city so there is something for everyone. The Alcázar, the cathedral, and the [[General Archive of the Indies]] are UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s.

Many of the city's most important sights and monuments are located in the historic centre (Casco Antiguo). To the north of the centre is the Macarena neighbourhood, which contains some important monuments and religious buildings, such as the Museum and Catholic Church of ''La Macarena'' or the ''[[Hospital de las Cinco Llagas]]''. Across the river, on the west bank of the Guadalquivir, the neighbourhood of Triana had an important role in the history of the city.

=== Churches ===
[[File:Giralda de Sevilla 5.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The [[Giralda]], originally built by the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]] as a minaret to the Great Mosque of Seville, is now the bell tower of the cathedral.]]
The Seville Cathedral, officially the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See, is considered the largest Gothic cathedral in the world and one of the largest cathedrals in the world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Quick |first=P. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9MnDwAAQBAJ&dq=seville+cathedral+largest&pg=PT40 |title=A Guide to Seville: Five Walking Tours |publisher=Andrews UK Limited |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-78538-646-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wertheimer |first=Lester |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jeSoxaoOqOQC&dq=seville+cathedral+largest&pg=PA48 |title=Architectural History |publisher=Kaplan AEC Architecture |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7931-9380-6 |page=48 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&dq=seville+cathedral+largest+-fodor&pg=PA517 |title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59884-204-3 |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=J. Gordon |volume=2 |page=517 |language=en |editor-last2=Baumann |editor-first2=Martin}}</ref> Incorporating parts of the city's former main mosque that was built under the Almohads in the 12th century, the current building is a massive Gothic structure begun after 1401 and finished in 1506, with additional reconstruction occurring between 1511 and 1519.<ref name="Hourihane-2012">{{Cite book |last= |first= |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&dq=seville+cathedral+encyclopedia&pg=RA3-PA268 |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-539536-5 |editor-last=Hourihane |editor-first=Colum |pages=570–571 |language=en |chapter=Seville}}</ref> The church contains a number of important tombs, including one of the two claimed burial places of Christopher Columbus,<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmmMCwAAQBAJ&dq=seville+cathedral+columbus+tomb&pg=PA80 |title=The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-12573-9 |editor-last=Beding |editor-first=Silvio A. |page=80 |language=en}}</ref> as well as many important artworks, including the largest [[retable]] (altarpiece) in Spain.<ref name="Hourihane-2012" /> A number of later additions, mostly in [[Plateresque]] or [[Renaissance style]], were added around the outside of the Gothic structure after its initial construction.<ref name="Hourihane-2012" />

One of the city's most prominent landmarks is the cathedral's bell tower, the [[Giralda]], formerly the minaret of the Almohad mosque. The minaret's main shaft is a little over 50 meters tall. The tower was further heightened in the 16th century by the addition of a large Renaissance-style [[Belfry (architecture)|belfry]], which brings its total height to around 95 or 96 meters.<ref name="Sanchez-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Sánchez |first1=Emilio Romero |last2=Esteban |first2=Antonio Morales |last3=Casas |first3=Jaime Navarro |date=2022 |title=Analysis of the Historical Settlements of the Giralda |journal=International Journal of Architectural Heritage |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=1312–1330 |doi=10.1080/15583058.2022.2034070 |issn=1558-3058 |s2cid=247005340 |doi-access=free |hdl=11441/135733|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Solis-2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Solís |first1=Mario |last2=Domínguez |first2=José |last3=Pérez |first3=Lorenzo |date=2012 |title=Structural Analysis of La Giralda's 16th-Century Sculpture/Weather Vane |journal=International Journal of Architectural Heritage |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=147–171 |doi=10.1080/15583058.2010.518660 |issn=1558-3058 |s2cid=109405965 |hdl=11441/140037|hdl-access=free }}</ref> The top of the tower is crowned by the ''Giraldillo'', a cast bronze [[weather vane]] sculpture, from which the name "Giralda" is derived.<ref name="Solis-2012" />

The [[Church of San Salvador (Seville)|Church of San Salvador]], located at ''Plaza de San Salvador'', is the second largest church in the city after the cathedral. Originally converted from the city's oldest mosque, it was rebuilt in [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] form in the 17th century and was the city's only [[collegiate church]].<ref name="Wunder-2017">{{Cite book |last=Wunder |first=Amanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3p5CDgAAQBAJ |title=Baroque Seville: Sacred Art in a Century of Crisis |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-271-07941-7 |page=125 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Church of Saint Louis of France]], built between 1699 and 1731 and designed by [[Leonardo de Figueroa]], represents another example of Baroque architecture.<ref name="Wunder-2017" /><ref name="Konemann-2013">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EO34MQEACAAJ |title=Baroque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting |publisher=Konemann |year=2013 |isbn=978-3-8480-0403-4 |editor-last=Toman |editor-first=Rolf |page=96 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Palaces and mansions ===
[[File:Salón de Embajadores, Real Alcázar de Sevilla.jpg|left|thumb|The ''Salón de Embajadores'' in the [[Alcázar of Seville]]]]
To the south of the cathedral, the Alcázar is a sprawling palace and garden complex which served as the city's center of power. The site was occupied since ancient times but was located outside the Roman city walls.<ref name="Bloom-2009">{{Cite book |last= |first= |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&dq=grove+encyclopedia+islamic+%22site+of+the+Alc%C3%A1zar%22&pg=RA2-PA198 |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530991-1 |editor-last=M. Bloom |editor-first=Jonathan |volume=3 |location= |pages=198–199 |language=en |chapter=Seville |editor-last2=S. Blair |editor-first2=Sheila}}</ref> The current palace complex was founded in the 10th century as a governor's palace, then expanded in the 11th century when it became the palace of the Abbadid rulers. Some limited parts of the palace still date from its 12th-century expansion under Almohad rule, but most of the site was redeveloped after the Christian conquest of the city in the 13th century. A major construction campaign took place in the 1360s under Pedro I, who constructed a new palace in Mudéjar style, aided in part by craftsmen from [[Granada]]. Richly-decorated chambers and courtyards date from this period, such as the ''Patio de las Doncellas'' and the ''Salón de Embajadores''.<ref name="Bloom-2009" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ruggles |first=D. Fairchild |date=2004 |title=The Alcazar of Seville and Mudejar Architecture |journal=Gesta |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=87–98 |doi=10.2307/25067097 |jstor=25067097 |s2cid=192856091 |issn=0016-920X}}</ref> Further additions took place under the [[Catholic Monarchs of Spain|Catholic Monarchs]] in Renaissance style, which continued under the [[Habsburg Spain|Habsburgs]]. The extensive gardens were also redesigned in this style and then further developed in the 17th century.<ref name="Hourihane-2012" /> The palace has been used as a filming location for various productions, including ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Fiona Flores |date=6 December 2011 |title=Alcazar Real |url=https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/alcazar.htm |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=Andalucia.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Casa de Pilatos]]]]The [[Archbishop's Palace, Seville|Archbishop's Palace]] stands over the site of the former [[Roman baths]] of the city. The property was originally donated by Ferdinand III to Bishop Don Remondo in 1251, but the current building was built in the second half of the 16th century, followed by later additions. Its Baroque doorway was completed in 1704 by Lorenzo Fernándes de Iglesias.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005d">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |page=120 |language=es, en}}</ref>

A number of other houses and wealthy mansions have been preserved across the city since the 16th century.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005f">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |pages= |language=es, en}}</ref> Among the most famous is the ''[[Casa de Pilatos]]'' ('House of Pilate'), an aristocratic mansion blending multiple architectural styles. The house, bought by the Enriquez de Ribera family in 1483,<ref name="Wunder-2003">{{Cite journal |last=Wunder |first=Amanda |date=2003 |title=Classical, Christian, and Muslim Remains in the Construction of Imperial Seville (1520–1635) |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=195–212 |doi=10.2307/3654125 |jstor=3654125 |issn=0022-5037}}</ref> has a typical courtyard plan but mixes older [[Isabelline (architectural style)|Isabelline]] and Mudéjar decoration with later Renaissance elements.<ref name="Anderson-2013">{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Christy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q41oAgAAQBAJ&dq=pilatos+seville&pg=PA207 |title=Renaissance Architecture |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-162525-1 |page=207 |language=en}}</ref> After Don Fadrique Enriquez de Ribera returned from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1520, he commissioned a stone [[Portal (architecture)|portal]] at the entrance of the family mansion. The portal became the starting point for the ''[[Via Crucis to the Cruz del Campo]]'', and later writers claimed it was modeled on the doorway of the house of [[Pontius Pilate]] in the Holy Land, thus earning the house its current name.<ref name="Anderson-2013" /><ref name="Wunder-2003" />

Other historic mansions include the [[Palace of the Countess of Lebrija]], the ''[[Palacio de las Dueñas]]'', and the ''[[Casa de los Pinelo]]s''. The ''Casa del Rey Moro'' is considered the oldest in Seville, with its origins dated to the 15th century.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005c">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |page=106 |language=es, en}}</ref>

=== Fortifications ===
[[File:Torre del Oro Guadalquivir Seville Spain.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The ''[[Torre del Oro]]'' is another example of [[Almohad architecture]] in the city]]The [[Walls of Seville|city walls of Seville]] were first built in ancient times on the orders of [[Julius Caesar]].<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005b">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |page=86 |language=es, en}}</ref> After the Viking attack on the city in 844, the walls were rebuilt on the orders of [[Abd ar-Rahman II]]. They were expanded under the Almoravids in 1126 and in 1221 the Almohads added a moat and a second outer line of walls. Most of the walls were demolished after 1861 to reduce restrictions on urban development, but a significant portion of the northern walls can still be seen today.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005b" />

The ''[[Torre del Oro]]'' is an Almohad defensive tower dating to 1220–1221. The tower was integrated into the city's defensive system and protected the city's harbour, along with another tower across the river. Between the bases of the two towers a chain could be raised to block ships and prevent entry into the port.<ref name="Bennison-2016">{{Cite book |last=Bennison |first=Amira K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JVDwAAQBAJ |title=The Almoravid and Almohad Empires |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2016 |pages=325–326 |isbn=978-0-7486-4682-1 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Civic buildings and other monuments ===
[[File:Hôtel Ville - Séville (ES61) - 2023-04-24 - 14.jpg|left|thumb|The 16th-century Plateresque façade of the [[Seville City Hall|City Hall]]]]
The [[Seville City Hall|City Hall]] (''Ayuntamiento'') was begun by architect [[Diego de Riaño]], who worked on it between 1527 and 1534 and designed the eastern façade on ''Plaza de San Francisco'', a highlight of the Plateresque style.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barteet |first=C. Cody |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQWdDwAAQBAJ&dq=plateresque+city+hall+seville&pg=PT112 |title=Architectural Rhetoric and the Iconography of Authority in Colonial Mexico: The Casa de Montejo |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-429-99904-8 |pages=114–117 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |pages=40–44 |language=es, en}}</ref> He was succeeded by other architects, including [[Hernán Ruiz II|Hernan Ruiz II]] after 1560, who added a double-arched [[loggia]] on the western façade.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005" /> The Royal Prison originally stood nearby, where Cervantes was imprisoned and where it is believed he was inspired to write ''[[Don Quixote]]''.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005" /> In 1840, the nearby Convent of San Francisco was demolished and replaced by the present-day ''Plaza Nueva'' in 1854. After this, the city hall's was partly remodeled by Demetrio de los Ríos and Balbino Marrón. It was given a new western façade in [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] style, completed in 1867.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayuntamiento de Sevilla |url=https://www.andalucia.org/en/sevilla-cultural-tourism-ayuntamiento-de-sevilla |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Andalucia.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

The General Archive of the Indies (''Archivo General de Indias''), located between the Cathedral and the Alcázar, is the repository of valuable archival documents relating to the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Philippines up to 1760.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Riobó |first=Carlos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8BKBAAAQBAJ&dq=seville+archive+herrera&pg=PA57 |title=Sub-versions of the Archive: Manuel Puig's and Severo Sarduy's Alternative Identities |publisher=Bucknell University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-61148-037-5 |page=57 |language=en}}</ref> The building itself was designed in a [[Spanish Renaissance architecture|Spanish Renaissance style]] in 1572 by [[Juan de Herrera]] to house the merchants' guild. Construction began in the 1580s and was not finished until 1646. The building was converted into the new Archive of the Indies in 1785.<ref name="Hamann-2022">{{Cite book |last=Hamann |first=Byron Ellsworth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Wp2EAAAQBAJ&dq=seville+General+Archive+of+the+Indies+herrera&pg=PA262 |title=The Invention of the Colonial Americas: Data, Architecture, and the Archive of the Indies, 1781–1844 |publisher=Getty Publications |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-60606-773-4 |pages=128–134 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Palacio de San Telmo (portada).jpg|thumb|The 18th-century Baroque portal of the ''[[Palacio de San Telmo]]'']]
The ''[[Palacio de San Telmo]]'' was originally a naval college established in 1671. Between 1722 and 1735 the building was completed by Leonardo de Figueroa and his son Matías, who designed its present-day façade, one of the most important monuments of Baroque architecture in Andalusia.<ref name="Konemann-2013" /> The building now serves as the seat for the [[Andalusian Autonomous Government]].<ref>The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin. [https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/tourist_attractions_in_seville_spain.htm Tourist Attractions in Seville, Spain]. Retrieved 24 August 2020.</ref>

The [[Royal Tobacco Factory]] (''Real Fábrica de Tabacos''), located near the Palacio de San Telmo, was built between 1728 and 1771. It was designed in a Baroque style by Sebastian van der Borcht.<ref name="Konemann-2013" /> It replaced an earlier [[tobacco]] factory built in 1687, which in turn had replaced Seville's first tobacco factory, San Pedro, which opened in a former women's penitentiary in 1620.<ref name="Gately-2007">{{Cite book |last=Gately |first=Iain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x41jVocj05EC&dq=first+tobacco+factory+seville&pg=PA80 |title=Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization |publisher=Grove Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8021-9848-8 |pages=80, 115–116 |language=en}}</ref> Upon completion, the new factory was the largest industrial building in the world and included its own chapel and its own prison, and operated under its own laws.<ref name="Gately-2007" />

The city's [[bullring]], the [[Maestranza (Seville)|Real Maestranza]], was designed in 1761 by Vicente San Martin. Its Baroque façade was completed in 1787 but the rest of the building was only completed in 1881.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005e">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |page=127 |language=es, en}}</ref> The venue can accommodate 14,000 spectators.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Fiona Flores |date=6 December 2011 |title=Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza |url=https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/bullring.htm |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Andalucia.com |language=en}}</ref>

The Metropol Parasol, in ''La Encarnación'' square, is the world's largest wooden structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inhabitat.com/metropol-parasol-the-worlds-largest-wooden-structure-opens-in-seville/ |title=Metropol Parasol: The World's Largest Wooden Structure Opens in Seville&#124; Inhabitat – Green Design Will Save the World |website=Inhabitat.com |date=24 April 2011 |access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> A monumental umbrella-like building designed by the German architect [[Jürgen Mayer (architect)|Jürgen Mayer]], finished in 2011. This modern architecture structure houses the central market and an underground archaeological complex. The terrace roof is a city viewpoint.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sevilla21.com/urbanismo/ordenacionurbana.php?id=1 |title=Ordenación Urbana – Metropol Parasol |website=Sevilla21.com |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511210059/http://www.sevilla21.com/urbanismo/ordenacionurbana.php?id=1 |archive-date=11 May 2011 }}</ref>

=== ''Parque de María Luisa'' ===
[[File:Glorieta de los hermanos Álvarez Quintero 5.JPG|thumb|Tiled fountain in ''[[Parque de María Luisa]]'']]
The sprawling ''Parque de María Luisa'' (María Luisa Park) was designed by architect Aníbal González for the 1929 Ibero-American Exposition. The park includes two major plazas, the ''Plaza de España'' and the ''Plaza de América'', and several monuments and museums. They include outstanding examples of regionalist [[Revival architecture]], a mix of [[Neo-Mudéjar]] and [[Neo-renaissance|Neo-Renaissance]], lavishly ornamented with typical glazed tiles.<ref name="Quintero-2011">{{Cite web |last1=Quintero |first1=Josephine |last2=Watson |first2=Fiona Flores |date=6 December 2011 |title=Maria Luisa Park |url=https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/marialuisapark.htm |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Andalucia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="sevilla1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sevilla5.com/monuments/plespana.html |title=Plaza De Espańa And Maria Luisa Park Sevilla – Seville |website=Sevilla5.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}</ref>

At the park's north end, the semi-circular ''Plaza de España'' is marked by tall towers and a series of benches covered in painted tiles dedicated to each of the 48 [[provinces of Spain]].<ref name="Quintero-2011" /> The location has been used in the filming of several movies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Fiona Flores |date=6 December 2011 |title=Plaza de España |url=https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/plazadeespana.htm |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Andalucia.com |language=en}}</ref>

At the southern end of the park, the ''Plaza de América'' is flanked by three structures emulating different historical styles: the Royal Pavilion has Gothic features, the Mudéjar Pavilion has a Mudéjar style, and the ''Bellas Artes'' Pavilion has a Renaissance style. The two latter pavilions are each used as museums today.<ref name="Navarro Rivas-2005a">{{Cite book |last1=Navarro Rivas |first1=Juan Pablo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC |title=Seville 360º |last2=Ramírez Idígoras |first2=Consuelo |publisher=Maratania |year=2005 |isbn=84-932274-8-X |page=145 |language=es, en}}</ref><ref name="Quintero-2011" />

{{wide image|Sevilla_Plaza_de_España_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg|700px|[[Plaza de España (Seville)|Plaza de España]], panoramic view.}}

===Museums===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
[[File:Sévilla, Spain, 2014 (52).JPG|thumb|upright|[[Museum of Fine Arts of Seville]]]]
The most important art collection of Seville is the Museum of Fine Arts of Seville. It was established in 1835 in the former Convent of ''La Merced''. It holds many masterworks by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]], [[Francisco Pacheco|Pacheco]], [[Zurbarán]], [[Valdés Leal]], and others masters of the Baroque Sevillian School, containing also Flemish paintings of the 15th and 16th centuries.[[File:Pabellón Mudéjar 001.jpg|thumb|[[Museum of Arts and Traditions of Sevilla|Museum of Arts and Traditions]]]]Other museums in Seville are:
* The [[Archeological Museum of Seville]], which contains collections from the [[Tartessos|Tartessian]], Roman, Almohad, and Christian periods. It is located at ''Plaza'' ''América'' in ''Parque de María Luisa''.
* The [[Museum of Arts and Popular Customs of Seville]], also in ''Plaza'' ''América'', across from the Archaeological Museum.
* The [[Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas|Andalusian Contemporary Art Centre]], situated in the neighbourhood of [[La Cartuja, Seville|La Cartuja]].
* The Naval Museum, housed in the Torre del Oro, next to the River Guadalquivir.
* The Carriages Museum, in the Los Remedios neighbourhood.
* The [[Flamenco]] Art Museum
* The [[Bullfighting]] Museum, in the Maestranza bullring.
* The Palace of the Countess of Lebrija, a private collection that contains many of the mosaic floors discovered in the nearby Roman town of Italica.
* The ''Centro [[Velázquez]]'' (Velázquez Centre) located at the Old Priests Hospital in the touristic Santa Cruz neighbourhood.
* The ''Antiquarium'' in Metropol Parasol, an underground museum which is composed of the most important archaeological site of the ancient Roman stage of Seville and remains preserved.
* The ''[[Castle of San Jorge|Castillo de San Jorge]]'' (Castle of St. George) is situated near the Triana market, next to the Isabel II bridge. It was the last seat for the Spanish Inquisition.
* The Museum and Treasure of ''La Macarena'', where the collection of the [[Hermandad de la Esperanza Macarena (Seville)|Macarena brotherhood]] is exhibited. This exhibition gives visitors an accurate impression of Seville's [[Holy Week in Seville|Holy Week]].
* ''[[La Casa de la Ciencia]]'' (The House of Science), a science centre and museum opposite the María Luisa Park.
* Museum of Pottery in Triana.
* ''Pabellon de la Navegación'' (Pavilion of Navigation).

==== Centro Cerámica Triana ====
This museum, located in the historic Triana neighborhood, is dedicated to Seville's rich ceramic heritage. Housed in the former Santa Ana ceramics factory, it showcases traditional tile-making techniques and features original kilns. The museum offers insights into the cultural significance of ceramics in Andalusia.

==== Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla (Archaeological Museum of Seville) ====
Situated in the Parque de María Luisa, this museum boasts a significant collection of artifacts from the Tartessian, Roman, and Moorish periods. Highlights include the Carambolo Treasure, a stunning example of Tartessian goldwork.

==== Museo Naval de Sevilla (Naval Museum of Seville) ====
Located by the Guadalquivir River, this museum delves into Seville's maritime history, emphasizing its role during the Age of Discovery. Exhibits include ship models, navigational instruments, and documents related to significant voyages like the Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation.

==== Museo del Baile Flamenco (Flamenco Dance Museum) ====
While this museum is mentioned, its description could be expanded. Founded by renowned flamenco dancer Cristina Hoyos, it offers interactive exhibits on the history and evolution of flamenco, showcasing costumes, musical instruments, and live performances in an intimate courtyard setting.

===Other parks and gardens===
In addition to the large Parque de María Luisa, the city contains other parks and gardens, including:
* The Alcázar Gardens, within the grounds of the Alcázar palace, consist of several sectors developed in different historical styles.
* The Gardens of Murillo and the Gardens of Catalina de Ribera, both along and outside the south wall of the Alcázar, lie next to the Santa Cruz quarter.
* The ''Parque del Alamillo y San Jerónimo'', the largest park in Andalusia, was originally built for [[Seville Expo '92]] to reproduce the Andalusian native flora. It lines both Guadalquivir shores around the ''San Jerónimo'' [[meander]]. The 32-metres-high bronze sculpture, ''[[Birth of a New Man|The Birth of a New Man]]'' (popularly known as Columbus's Egg, ''el Huevo de Colón''), by the Georgian sculptor [[Zurab Tsereteli]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/09/08/056.html |title=ABC Hemeroteca |website=ABC|location=Spain |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref> is located in its northwestern sector.
* The American Garden, also completed for Expo '92, is in [[La Cartuja]]. It is a public botanical garden, with a representative collection of American plants donated by different countries on the occasion of the world exposition. Despite its extraordinary botanical value, it remains a mostly abandoned place.
* The [[Buhaira Gardens]], also historically known as the ''Huerta del Rey'', are a public park and historic site, originally created as a garden estate during the Almohad period (12th century).<ref name="Turismo Sevilla-2022">{{Cite web|title=Buhaira Palace and its Gardens|url=https://www.turismosevilla.org/index.php/en/what-see-and-do/heritage/monuments/buhaira-palace-and-its-gardens|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121010152/https://www.turismosevilla.org/index.php/en/what-see-and-do/heritage/monuments/buhaira-palace-and-its-gardens|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=20 January 2022|website=Turimo de la Provincia - Sevilla}}</ref><ref name="Arnold-2017">{{Cite book|last=Arnold|first=Felix|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXjXDQAAQBAJ&dq=Islamic+Palace+Architecture+in+the+Western+Mediterranean&pg=PP1|title=Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-19-062455-2|location=|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=211}}
{{wide image|Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg|700px|The Alcázar Gardens}}

==Culture==
===Theatres===
[[File:Sevilla Casino de la Exposición.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lope de Vega Theatre (Seville)|Teatro Lope de Vega]]]]
The [[Lope de Vega Theatre (Seville)|Teatro Lope de Vega]] is located on Avenida de María Luisa avenue (next to ''Parque de María Luisa''). It was built in 1929, being its architect [[Vicente Traver y Tomás]]. It was the auditorium of the pavilion of the city in the Ibero-American Exhibition. This pavilion had a large room that became the Casino of the Exhibition. The theatre occupied an area of 4600 m<sup>2</sup> and could accommodate 1100 viewers. Its architecture is [[Spanish Baroque architecture|Spanish Baroque Revival]], being the building faithful to this style both in the set and in its ornamentation.

It has hosted varied performances, including theater, dance, opera, [[jazz]], and [[flamenco]] and nowadays the most outstanding of the panorama is its programming national and international, becoming one of the most important theatres in Spain.<ref>{{citation
|url          = http://www.teatrolopedevega.org/index.php/contents/view/historia
|archive-date = 26 October 2011
|title        = Historia del Teatro Lope de Vega
|publisher    = Teatro Lope de Vega
|access-date  = 9 December 2008
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20111026055244/http://www.teatrolopedevega.org/index.php/contents/view/historia
}}</ref>

Other important theatres are [[Teatro de la Maestranza]], Auditorio Rocío Jurado and Teatro Central.

Seville also has a [[corral de comedias]] theatre, which is the [[Corral del Coliseo]], now used as a residential building.

=== Festivals ===
There are many entertainment options around the city of Seville and one of its biggest attractions is the numerous festivals that happen around the year. Some of the festivals concentrate on religion and culture, others focus on the folklore of the area, traditions, and entertainment.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=12 July 2016|title=Seville, Spain|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A457876488/ITOF?sid=ITOF&xid=81c4569d|journal=Express Travel World|via=GaleGroup}}</ref>

==== Holy Week in Seville ====
{{Main|Holy Week in Seville}}
[[File:Cruz de guia macarena 2019An004.jpg|thumb|Guiding cross of the {{lang|es|cofradía}} of La Macarena as it passes through the Street of Fray Luis Sotelo.]]
[[Semana Santa]] is celebrated all over [[Holy Week in Spain|Spain]] and Latin America, but the celebration in Seville is large and well known as a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest. Fifty-four local brotherhoods,<ref>{{cite web|title=Holy Week in Seville|url=http://www.visitasevilla.es/index.php/en/history/holy-week-seville|website=Tourism of Seville}} Accessed 23 May 2020</ref> or "cofradías", organize floats and processions throughout the week, reenacting the story of the Passion of Christ. There is traditional music and art incorporated into the processions, making Semana Santa an important source of both material and immaterial Sevillian cultural identity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Palma|first1=María Luisa|last2=Palma|first2=Luis|last3=Aguado|first3=Luis Fernando|s2cid=144559604|title=Determinants of cultural and popular celebration attendance: the case study of Seville Spring Fiestas|journal=Journal of Cultural Economics|date=8 June 2012|volume=37|issue=1|pages=87–107|doi=10.1007/s10824-012-9167-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Popular festivities in Seville, Spain: Easter Week in Sevilla in Spain|url=http://www.spain.info/en_US/que-quieres/agenda/fiestas/sevilla/semana_santa_de_sevilla.html|website=Spain Info US|date=23 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Itinerario Oficial Semana Santa de Sevilla 2018|url=https://www.semana-santa.org/itinerario-oficial-semana-santa-de-sevilla|website=Semana-santa.org|language=es-ES}}</ref>

==== Bienal de Flamenco ====
Seville is home to the bi-annual flamenco festival La Bienal, which claims to be "the biggest flamenco event worldwide" and lasts for nearly a month.<ref>{{cite web|title=la Bienal de Flamenco de Sevilla|url=http://www.labienal.com/en/ediciones-anteriores/|website=Labienal.com|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108130909/http://www.labienal.com/en/ediciones-anteriores/}}</ref>

==== Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana ====
In the district of Triana, the Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana is held every July and includes sporting events, performances, and cultural activities as the city honors St. James and St. Ana.<ref>{{cite web|title=La velá de Santiago y Santa Ana en Triana, Sevilla. |url=https://www.visitarsevilla.es/experiencias/fiestas/visitar-sevilla-en-la-vela-de-santa-ana/|website=Visitar Sevilla|language=es-ES|date=16 July 2014}}</ref>

==== Feria de Abril ====
{{Main|Seville Fair}}
[[File:17401532982 c1e3546763 o feria de abril 2012.jpg|thumb|right|''Casetas'' in the 2012 [[Seville Fair|Feria de Abril]]]]
The April Fair (''Feria de Abril'') is a huge celebration that takes place in Seville about two weeks after the Holy Week. It was previously associated with celebrating livestock; however, nowadays its purpose is to create a fun cheerful environment tied to the appreciation of the Spanish folklore.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castillo-Manzano |first1=José I. |last2=López-Valpuesta |first2=Lourdes |last3=Marchena-Gómez |first3=Manuel |title=Seville: A city with two souls |journal=Cities |date=February 2015 |volume=42 |pages=142–151 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2014.10.005 |hdl=11441/148837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

During the Feria, families, businesses, and organisations set up ''casetas'' ([[Tent#Marquees and larger tents|marquees]]) in which they spend the week dancing, drinking, and socialising. Traditionally, women wear elaborate flamenco dresses and men dress in their best suits. The marquees are set up on a permanent fairground in the district of Los Remedios,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exploreseville.com/events/feriadeabril.htm |title=Feria de Abril, Seville |website=Exploreseville.com |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> in which each street is named after a famous bullfighter.

==== Salón Náutico Internacional de Sevilla ====
The International Boat Show of Seville is an annual event that takes place in the only inland maritime port of the country, which is one of the most important in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=The first Seville Boat Show arrives in June |url=https://www.barcheamotore.com/seville-boat-show-arrives-in-june/?lang=en|website=barcheamotore.com|date = 8 April 2019}}</ref>

===Music===
[[File:Triana - Billboard.jpg|thumb|right|Hailing from Seville, [[Triana (band)|Triana]] is considered as the benchmark of flamenco rock and as the founding fathers of {{lang|es|rock andaluz}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Diego|last=García-Peinazo|year=2019|title="The World's First Flamenco Rock Band"? Anglo-American Progressive Rock, Politics and National Identity in Spain around Carmen's Fandangos in Space|journal=Rock Music Studies|volume=7 |doi=10.1080/19401159.2019.1651533|page=3|s2cid=201361699 }}</ref>]]
Seville had a vibrant rock music scene in the 1970s and 1980s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001592/159293E.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001592/159293E.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Seville: UNESCO City of Music |publisher=UNESCO |date=2007 |access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> with bands like [[Triana (band)|Triana]], [[Alameda (band)|Alameda]] and [[Smash (British band)|Smash]], who fused Andalusia's traditional flamenco music with British-style progressive rock. The punk rock group [[Reincidentes]] and indie band [[Sr Chinarro]], as well as singer [[Kiko Veneno]], rose to prominence in the early 1990s. The city's music scene now features rap acts such as [[SFDK (band)|SFDK]], [[Mala Rodríguez]], [[Dareysteel]], [[Tote King]], [[Dogma Crew]], [[Bisley DeMarra]], [[:es:Haze (MC)|Haze]] and [[Jesuly]]. Seville's diverse music scene is reflected in the variety of its club-centred nightlife.

The city is also home to many theatres and performance spaces where classical music is performed, including [[Teatro Lope de Vega, Seville|Teatro Lope de Vega]], [[Teatro La Maestranza]], Teatro Central, the [[Real Alcazar Gardens]] and the Sala Joaquín Turina.

Despite its name, the [[sevillana]] dance, commonly presented as flamenco, is not thought to be of Sevillan origin. However, the folksongs called ''[[sevillanas]]'' are authentically Sevillan, as is the four-part dance performed with them.

On 19 November 2023, Seville hosted the [[24th Annual Latin Grammy Awards]] at the [[FIBES Conference and Exhibition Centre]], making Seville the first city outside of the [[United States]] to host the [[Latin Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/seville-spain-cf8138523aa769cc6bbde83acdd80ee4 |title=Latin Grammys to be held in Spain, leaving US for 1st time|work=Associated Press News |date=22 February 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-latin-grammys-sevilla-spain-24th-awards |title=2023 Latin Grammys To Host First-Ever International Telecast In Sevilla, Spain, On Nov. 16; Nominations To Be Announced Sept. 19 |publisher=Recording Academy Grammy Awards |last=Ochoa |first=John |date=4 May 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref>

====Flamenco====
{{Main|Flamenco}}
[[File:8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg|thumb|upright|Flamenco costume during [[Seville Fair]]]]
The [[Triana, Seville|Triana]] district in Seville is considered a birthplace of flamenco, where it found its beginning as an expression of the poor and marginalized. Seville's Romani population, known as Flamencos, were instrumental in the development of the art form. While it began as and remains a representation of Andalusian culture, it has also become a national heritage symbol of Spain.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ruiz|first1=Ana|title=Vibrant Andalusia: The spice of life in southern Spain|date=2007|publisher=Algora Publ|location=New York|isbn=978-0-87586-539-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Joshua|title=Flamenco capital: Tradition, revolution and renewal in Seville, Spain|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3010g01h|publisher=UC Riverside|access-date=28 February 2018|year=2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Washabaugh|first1=William|title=Flamenco music and national identity in Spain|date=2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd|location=Farnham|isbn=978-1-4094-3485-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Manuel|first1=Peter|s2cid=191384305|title=Andalusian, Gypsy, and class identity in the contemporary flamenco complex|journal=Ethnomusicology|volume=33|issue=1|pages=47–65|doi=10.2307/852169|jstor=852169|year=1989|url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1535&context=jj_pubs }}</ref> There are more flamenco artists in Seville than anywhere else in the country, supporting an entire industry surrounding it and drawing in a significant amount of tourism for the city.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aoyama|first1=Yuko|s2cid=144812906|title=Artists, tourists, and the state: Cultural tourism and the flamenco industry in Andalusia, Spain|journal=International Journal of Urban and Regional Research|date=March 2009|volume=33|issue=1|pages=80–104|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00846.x}}</ref>

===Gastronomy===
[[File:Gazpacho Cazuela Barro.jpg|thumb|left|Andalusian [[Gazpacho]]]]
The ''[[tapas]]'' scene is one of the main cultural attractions of the city: people go from one bar to another, enjoying small dishes called tapas (literally "lids" or "covers" in Spanish, referring to their probable origin as snacks served on small plates used to cover drinks). Local specialities include fried and grilled seafood (including [[squid]], ''choco'' ([[cuttlefish]]), [[swordfish]], marinated [[Squalidae|dogfish]], and ''[[Snakelocks anemone#Gastronomy|ortiguillas]]''), grilled and stewed meat, [[spinach]] with [[chickpea]]s, ''[[Jamón ibérico]]'', lamb kidneys in sherry sauce, [[Land snail#Snails as human food|snails]], ''[[puchero|caldo de puchero]]'', and ''[[gazpacho]]''. A sandwich known as a ''[[serranito]]'' is the typical and popular version of fast food.

Typical desserts from Seville include ''pestiños'', a honey-coated sweet fritter; ''torrijas'', fried slices of bread with honey; ''roscos fritos'', deep-fried sugar-coated ring doughnuts; ''magdalenas'' or fairy cakes; ''yemas de San Leandro'', {{citation needed|date=February 2013}} which provide the city's [[convent]]s with a source of revenue; and ''[[tortas de aceite]]'', a thin sugar-coated cake made with olive oil. ''Polvorones'' and ''mantecados'' are traditional Christmas products, whereas ''pestiños'' and ''torrijas'' are typically consumed during the [[Holy Week in Seville|Holy Week]].

Bitter [[Seville orange]]s grow on trees lining the city streets. Large quantities are collected and exported to Britain to be used in [[marmalade]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Fraser|date=22 January 2016|title=A history of Seville Orange Marmalade, including a recipe for making your own|url=https://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/food/a-history-of-seville-orange-marmalade-including-a-recipe-for-making-your-own/|access-date=17 June 2020|website=Scotsman Food and Drink|language=en-US}}</ref> Locally, the fruit is used predominantly in aromatherapy, herbal medicine, and dietary diet products, rather than as a foodstuff.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Padilla|first=Brenda|date=3 May 2013|title=Gastronomy - Seville Oranges|url=https://www.andalucia.com/gastronomy/oranges/seville.htm|access-date=17 June 2020|website=Andalucia.com|language=en}}</ref> According to legend, the Arabs brought the bitter orange to Seville from East Asia via Iraq around the 10th century to beautify and perfume their patios and gardens, as well as to provide shade.<ref name="Nash200514">{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Nash|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada:A Cultural History: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA14|access-date=8 February 2013|date=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-518204-0|page=14}}</ref> The flowers of the tree are a source of [[neroli oil]], commonly used in [[perfumery]] and in skin lotions for massage.

In 2021, the municipal water company, Emasesa, began a pilot scheme to use the methane produced as the fruit ferments to generate clean electricity. The company plans to use 35 tonnes of fruit to generate clean energy to power one of the city's water purification plants.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burgen|first=Stephen|date=23 February 2021|title='A role model': how Seville is turning leftover oranges into electricity|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/23/how-seville-is-turning-leftover-oranges-into-electricity|access-date=24 February 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Avenida de la Constitucion Sevilla.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Avenida de la Constitución]]
Seville is the most populated city in southern Spain, and has the largest GDP (gross domestic product) of any in Andalusia,<ref name="ABC de Sevilla">{{cite web|url= http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-20-02-2005/sevilla/Andalucia/sevilla-aporta-la-cuarta-parte-del-pib-y-es-la-capital-economica-de-andalucia_20734816682.html|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130213034945/http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-20-02-2005/sevilla/Andalucia/sevilla-aporta-la-cuarta-parte-del-pib-y-es-la-capital-economica-de-andalucia_20734816682.html|archive-date= 13 February 2013|title= Sevilla aporta la cuarta parte del PIB y es la capital económica de Andalucía|publisher= ABC de Sevilla|date= 20 February 2005}}</ref> accounting for one-quarter of its total GDP.<ref name="ABC de Sevilla"/> All municipalities in the metropolitan area depend directly or indirectly on Seville's economy, while agriculture dominates the economy of the smaller villages, with some industrial activity localised in industrial parks. The ''Diputación de Sevilla'' (Deputation of Seville), with provincial headquarters in the Antiguo Cuartel de Caballería (Old Cavalry Barracks) on Avenida Menendez Pelayo, provides public services to distant villages that they can not provide themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dipusevilla.es/actualidad/noticias/noticia_0553.html|title=Rodríguez Villalobos afirma que los pequeños municipios necesitan una figura supramunicipal para poder prestar servicios públicos|publisher=Diputación de Sevilla|access-date=24 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706221108/http://www.dipusevilla.es/actualidad/noticias/noticia_0553.html|archive-date=6 July 2012}}</ref>

The economic activity of Seville cannot be detached from the geographical and urban context of the city; the capital of Andalusia is the centre of a growing metropolitan area. Aside from traditional neighbourhoods such as Santa Cruz, Triana and others, those further away from the centre, such as [[Nervión, Seville|Nervión]], Sevilla Este, and El Porvenir have seen recent economic growth. Until the economic crisis of 2007, this urban area saw significant population growth and the development of new industrial and commercial parks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlas de la provincia de Sevilla|url=http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/inicio2.htm|work=Map:Innovación tecnológica|publisher=Diputación de Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623070103/http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/inicio2.htm|archive-date=23 June 2013}}</ref>

During this period, availability of infrastructure in the city contributed to the growth of an economy dominated by the service sector,<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlas de la provincia de Sevilla|url=http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/inicio2.htm|work=Map:Empleo en el sector terciario|publisher=Diputación de Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623070103/http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/inicio2.htm|archive-date=23 June 2013}}</ref> but in which industry still holds a considerable place.<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlas de la provincia de Sevilla|url=http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/5_industria/industrial/imagenes/25actividad_industrial_400000.pdf|work=Map:Industrial actividad|publisher=Diputación de Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704120550/http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/5_industria/industrial/imagenes/25actividad_industrial_400000.pdf|archive-date=4 July 2012}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
[[File:Centro Comercial Torre Sevilla (3).jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|[[Cajasol Tower|Sevilla Tower]] on the Isla de La Cartuja, designed by the architect [[César Pelli]]]]
The 1990s saw massive growth in investment in infrastructure in Seville, largely due to its hosting of the [[Seville Expo '92|Universal Exposition of Seville]] in 1992. This economic development of the city and its urban area is supported by good transportation links to other Spanish cities, including a high-speed [[AVE]] railway connection to Madrid, and a new international [[San Pablo Airport|airport]].

Seville has the only inland port in Spain, located {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from the mouth of the River Guadalquivir. This harbour complex offers access to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and allows trade in goods between the south of Spain (Andalusia, [[Extremadura]]) and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The port has undergone reorganisation. Annual [[tonnage]] rose to 5.3&nbsp;million tonnes of goods in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.apsevilla.com/wps/portal/estadistica |title=Autoridad Portuaria de Sevilla |language=es |website=Portal.apsevilla.com |date=1 January 1980 |access-date=24 November 2016 |archive-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125110156/http://portal.apsevilla.com/wps/portal/estadistica }}</ref>

[[Cartuja 93]] is a research and development park,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartuja93.es |title=PCTCartuja – Inicio |website=Cartuja93.es |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> employing 15,000 persons. The ''Parque Tecnológico y Aeronáutico Aerópolis'' (Technological and Aeronautical Park)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeropolis.es/en/|title=Aerópolis – Inicio |website=aeropolis.es |access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> is focused on the aircraft industry. Outside of Seville are nine [[PS20 solar power towers]] which use the city's sunny weather to provide most of it with clean and renewable energy.

The [[Sevilla Tower]] skyscraper was started in March 2008 and was completed in 2015. With a height of {{convert|180.5|m|abbr=off}} and 40 [[Storey|floors]], it is the tallest building in [[Andalusia]].

Seville has conference facilities, including the [[FIBES Conference and Exhibition Centre|Conference and Convention Centre]].

[[File:HEINEKEN MARCOROJO179.jpg|thumb|[[Heineken]] brewery in Seville]]

===Research and development===
The ''Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas en Sevilla'' (CSIC) is based in the former [[Peruvian pavilion, Seville|Pavilion of Peru]] in the [[Maria Luisa Park]]. In April 2008 the city council of Seville provided a grant to renovate the building to create the ''[[La Casa de la Ciencia|Casa de la Ciencia]]'' (Science Centre) to encourage popular interest in science.<ref name="Gordillo1998">{{cite book|author=Guadalupe Trigueros Gordillo|title=La Universidad de Sevilla Durante El Sexenio Revolucionario|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKN1mnGU2nEC|access-date=8 February 2013|year=1998|publisher=Universidad de Sevilla|isbn=978-84-472-0417-5|page=96}}</ref> The internationally recognised company ''Neocodex'' has its headquarters in Seville; it maintains the first and largest [[DNA bank]] in Spain and has made significant contributions to scientific research in genetics.<ref name="Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News: GEN.">{{cite book|title=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News: GEN.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZ4UAQAAMAAJ|access-date=8 February 2013|year=2007|publisher=GEN Pub.|page=15}}</ref> Seville is also considered an important technological and research centre for renewable energy and the aeronautics industry.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=38 |title= Planta Solar 10 |date= 21 April 2009 |work= Concentrating Solar Power Projects |publisher=[[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]] (NREL), [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Dept. of Energy]] (DOE)|access-date= 20 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Marchese, Marco|author2=Jonathan Potter|title=Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development in Andalusia, Spain |website=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |year=2011|quote="...others in the region are rather sector-oriented (e.g. Seville's Aerópolis specialised in the aeronautics industry or Granada's based on health sciences.)|url=http://www.oecd.org/regional/leed/46970408.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.oecd.org/regional/leed/46970408.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The output of the research centres in Sevillan universities working in tandem with city government, and the numerous local technology companies, have made Seville a leader among Spanish cities in technological [[research and development]]. The ''Parque Científico Tecnológico Cartuja 93'' is a nexus of private and public investment in various fields of research.<ref name="MonclúsFraga2006">{{cite book|author1=Francisco Javier Monclús|author2=Francisco Javier Monclús Fraga|title=Exposiciones internacionales y urbanismo: El proyecto Expo Zaragoza 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2d6KJ2VnfAkC|access-date=6 February 2013|year=2006|publisher=Univ. Politèc. de Catalunya|isbn=978-84-8301-893-4|page=106}}</ref>

Principal fields of innovation and research are telecommunications, new technologies, biotechnology (with applications in local agricultural practices), environment and renewable energy.

==Transport==

===Bus===
Seville is served by the TUSSAM [http://www.tussam.es/ (Transportes Urbanos de Sevilla)] [[transit bus|bus]] network which runs buses throughout the city. The Consorcio de Transportes de Sevilla communicates by bus with all the satellite towns of Seville.

Two bus stations serve transportation between surrounding areas and other cities: ''Plaza de Armas'' Station, with destinations north and west, and ''Prado de San Sebastián'' Station, covering routes to the south and east. ''Plaza de Armas'' station has direct bus lines to many Spanish cities as well as [[Lisbon]], Portugal.

===Metro===
[[File:Logo Metro Sevilla 2024.svg|thumb|140px|left|Seville Metro logo.]]

The [[Seville Metro]] ('Metro de Sevilla' in Spanish) is a light metro system serving the city of Seville and its [[metropolitan area]]. The system is completely independent of other rail networks and street traffic, ensuring a dedicated right-of-way for its trains. All stations are equipped with [[platform screen doors]], enhancing passenger safety and operational efficiency.

The Seville Metro was the sixth metro system to be constructed in Spain, following the networks in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and [[Palma de Mallorca]]. It was designed to provide a modern, efficient, and high-capacity transit solution for Seville and its growing suburbs.

As of 2024, the Seville Metro consists of a single line, the line [[File:L1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|16px|link=Seville Metro line 1]], which features 21 stations and connects key areas of the city with neighboring municipalities of [[Mairena del Aljarafe]], [[San Juan de Aznalfarache]] and [[Dos Hermanas]].

Line [[File:L3 Metro de Sevilla.svg|16px|link=Seville Metro line 3]] is currently under construction, and once completed, it will enhance connectivity by linking northern and southern parts of the city. Lines 2 and 4 remain in the planning phase.

In 2024, the Seville Metro transported more than 22 million passengers,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.globalvia.com/es/noticia/metro-de-sevilla-supera-los-22-millones-de-pasajeros-en-2024/ |title=Metro de Sevilla supera los 22 millones de pasajeros en 2024 |language=es |trans-title=Seville Metro exceeds 22 million passengers in 2024 |website=Globalvia.com |access-date=8 March 2025 |date=13 February 2025}}</ref> making it the fifth-largest metro system in Spain in terms of annual ridership. It plays a crucial role in reducing traffic congestion and promoting sustainable urban mobility in the Andalusian capital.

===Tram===
[[File:Sevilla-3-16_(48040473632).jpg|thumb|[[MetroCentro (Seville)|MetroCentro]]]]
[[MetroCentro (Seville)|MetroCentro]] is a surface tramway serving the centre of the city. It began operating in October 2007.

The service has just five stops: Plaza Nueva, Archivo de Indias, Puerta de Jerez, Prado de San Sebastián and San Bernardo, all as part of ''Phase I'' of the project. It is expected to be extended to Santa Justa [[Alta Velocidad Española|AVE]] station, including four new stops: San Francisco Javier, Eduardo Dato, Luis de Morales, and Santa Justa. This extension was postponed although the City Council had made expanding the metro lines a priority.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

===Train===
The [[Seville-Santa Justa railway station]] is served by the [[AVE]] [[high-speed rail]] system, operated by the Spanish state-owned rail company [[Renfe]]. A five-line commuter rail service (''[[Cercanías Sevilla|Cercanías]]'') joins the city with the Metropolitan area. Seville is on the Red Ciudades AVE, a net created with Seville connected to 17 major cities of Spain with [[high-speed rail]].

Although Seville is close to the Portuguese city of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]], it is not possible to cross the border by train.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-seville-to-faro#train |title=Is there any train from Seville to Faro, Portugal? |website=Travelinho.com |access-date=25 September 2018 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215841/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-seville-to-faro#train |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Bicycle===
[[File:Sevici.jpg|thumb|[[Sevici]] Bicycle station]]
The Sevici [[community bicycle program]] has integrated bicycles into the public transport network. Bicycles are available for hire around the city at low cost, and green curb-raised bicycle lanes can be seen on most major streets. The number of people using bicycles as a means of transport in Seville has increased substantially in recent years, multiplying tenfold from 2006 to 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seville goes Dutch|url=http://lcc.org.uk/pages/seville-goes-dutch|publisher=London Cycling Campaign|access-date=22 May 2014|archive-date=22 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522221305/http://lcc.org.uk/pages/seville-goes-dutch}}</ref> {{As of|2015}}, an estimated 9 percent of all mechanized trips in the city (and 5.6 percent of all trips including those on foot) are made by bicycle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research on the use of bicycles in the city of Seville, 2013|url=http://bicicletas.us.es/?page_id=1341|publisher=SIBUS|access-date=22 May 2014|archive-date=22 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522220650/http://bicicletas.us.es/?page_id=1341|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city council signed a contract with the multinational corporation [[JCDecaux]], an outdoor advertising company. The public bicycle rental system is financed by a local advertising operator in return for the city signing over a 10-year licence to exploit citywide billboards. The overall scheme is called Cyclocity<ref>{{cite web|title=The self-service bicycle sheme by JCDecaux|url=http://en.cyclocity.com/Cities/Cyclocity-in-the-world/Cyclocity-cities|publisher=JCDecaux|access-date=9 February 2013|date=20 December 2012|archive-date=4 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504143349/http://en.cyclocity.com/Cities/Cyclocity-in-the-world/Cyclocity-cities|url-status=dead}}</ref> by [[JCDecaux]], but each city's system is branded under an individual name.

As of 2022, some companies in the [[e-bike]] [[community bicycle program]] industry such as [[Lime (transportation company)]] and [[Ridemovi]] started working in the city,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sevilla estrena un servicio de alquiler de 2.000 bicicletas eléctricas por toda la ciudad|date=2 February 2022 |url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/sevilla/bicicletas-electricas-Sevilla-servicio-alquiler-Ayuntamiento-Lime-Ridemovi_0_1653135072.html|publisher=Diario de Sevilla}}</ref> thanks to the new parking spots made by the [[City Council of Seville]]

===Airport===
{{Main|San Pablo Airport}}
[[File:Viento cruzado I (4761298309).jpg|thumb|right|Landing on the San Pablo Airport]]
The San Pablo Airport is the main airport for Seville and is [[Andalusia]]'s second busiest airport, after [[Pablo Ruiz Picasso International Airport|Málaga]]'s, and first in cargo. The airport handled 7,544,357 passengers and just under 9,891 tonnes of cargo in 2019.<ref name="stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estadisticas/Home |title=AENA – airport statistics |website=Aena.es |access-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> It has one [[Airport terminal|terminal]] and one [[runway]].

It is one of many bases for the Spanish low-cost carrier [[Vueling Airlines|Vueling]], and from November 2010 [[Ryanair]] based aircraft at the airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ryanair.com/es/novedades/ryanair-anuncia-su-base-numero-44-en-sevilla|title=Ryanair anuncia su base número 44 en Sevilla|website=Ryanair.com|date=23 July 2010}}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2018}} In addition, Ryanair opened its first [[aircraft maintenance]] facility in Spain at Seville Airport in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/ryanair-opens-its-first-mro-facility-in-spain-at-seville-airport-947032|title=Ryanair opens its first MRO facility in Spain at Seville Airport|website=centreforaviation.com|date=17 October 2019}}</ref>

This enabled low-cost direct flights to several Spanish cities, as well as to the neighbor country of Portugal with weekly flights to Porto<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-lisbon-to-seville#via-porto |title=Lisbon to Seville via Porto |website=Travelinho.com |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030255/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/from-lisbon-to-seville#via-porto |url-status=dead }}</ref> and to other European cities.

===Port===
{{Main|Port of Seville}}
Seville is the only commercial river port in Spain and the only inland city in the country where cruise ships can arrive in the historical centre. On 21 August 2012, the [[Muelle de las Delicias]], controlled by the Port Authority of Seville, hosted the cruise ship [[Azamara Journey]] for two days, the largest ship ever to visit the town. This vessel belongs to the shipping company [[Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.|Royal Caribbean]] and can accommodate up to 700 passengers.<ref>[http://www.tuttocruceros.com/blog/el-puerto-de-sevilla-acogera-el-mayor-crucero-de-su-historia/ El Puerto de Sevilla acogerá el mayor crucero de su historia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719050054/http://www.tuttocruceros.com/blog/el-puerto-de-sevilla-acogera-el-mayor-crucero-de-su-historia/ |date=19 July 2013 }} Tuttocruceros.com 25 June 2012</ref>

===Roads===
Seville has two ring road highways, the SE-20 and the SE-30.  However, they do not form a complete controlled-access highway around the city.  

The SE-30 connects with the most important [[autovía]] of southwestern Spain, the [[Autovía A-4|A-4]], which directly links the city with [[Cádiz]], [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Cordoba]] and [[Madrid]]. The SE-30 and the A-4 together form a controlled-access ring road around two-thirds of the city. 

The northern third is encircled by regular arterial roads with [[Intersection (road)|at-trade intersections]], such as the SE-20 and the Ronda Urbana Norte. 

Another [[autovía]], the [[Autovía A-92|A-92]], links the city with [[Osuna]], [[Antequera]], [[Granada]], [[Guadix]] and [[Almeria]]. The [[Autovía A-49|A-49]] links Seville with [[Huelva]] and the [[Algarve]] in the south of [[Portugal]].

===Public transportation statistics===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Sevilla, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 34 min. 7% of public transit riders, ride for more than two hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is eight minutes, while 15% of riders wait for over 20&nbsp;minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{convert|5.6|km|mi}}, while 7% travel for over {{convert|12|km|mi}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Spain_Sevilla-3802|title=Sevilla Public Transportation Statistics|publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|access-date=19 June 2017}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>

==Education==
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             =
| image1            = Facultad de Comunicación US.jpg
| caption1          = US's Faculty of Communication
| image2            = Vista upo.JPG
| caption2          = View of the UPO Campus
}}

Seville is home to three public universities. The [[University of Seville]] (US), founded in 1505; as of 2019, it had 72,000 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/ranking-universidades/universidad-de-sevilla.html|title=Universidad de Sevilla|website=Mejores universidades 2019|date=9 May 2019|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]}}</ref> The [[Pablo de Olavide University]] (UPO), founded in 1997, with 9,152 students in 2019;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/ranking-universidades/universidad-pablo-de-olavide.html|title=Universidad Pablo de Olavide|date=9 May 2019|website=Mejores universidades 2019|publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]}}</ref> and the [[International University of Andalusia]] (UNIA), founded in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unia.es |title=Inicio |website=Unia.es |date=21 October 2016 |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref>

The US and the UPO are important centres of learning in Western Andalusia as they offer a wide range of academic courses; consequently, the city has a large number of students from [[Province of Huelva|Huelva]] and [[Province of Cádiz|Cádiz]].

Additionally, there is the School of Hispanic American Studies, founded in 1942, the [[Menéndez Pelayo International University]], based in [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]], which operates branch campuses in Seville, and [[Loyola University Andalusia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uimp.es/blogs/sevilla/ |title=Inicio en Sede de Sevilla |website=Uimp.es |date=22 March 2011 |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315211431/http://www.uimp.es/blogs/sevilla/ }}</ref>

;International primary and secondary schools
* [[Lycée Français de Séville]] (French school)
* [[Deutsche Schule Sevilla]] (German school)
* [[St. George's British School, Sevilla|St. George's British School]]
Seville is also home to many international schools and colleges that cater to American students who come to study abroad.

==Sport==
[[File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Estadio Olímpico 57 619.jpg|thumb|[[Estadio de La Cartuja|La Cartuja Stadium]]]]
Seville is the hometown of two rival association football teams: [[Real Betis|Real Betis Balompié]] and [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla Fútbol Club]]; both teams play in [[La Liga]]. Each team has won the league once: Betis in 1935 and Sevilla in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topendsports.com/sport/soccer/list-league-la-liga.htm |title=La Liga Champions |website=Topendsports.com |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> Only Sevilla have won European competitions, winning consecutive [[UEFA Cup]] finals in [[2006 UEFA Cup final|2006]] and [[2007 UEFA Cup final|2007]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/ec3b.html |title=Uefa Cup |website=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=31 May 2012 |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> and the [[UEFA Europa League]] in [[2014 UEFA Europa League final|2014]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/sport/football/2014/05/sevilla-win-final-after-penalties-2014514195213280357.html| title=Sevilla win Europa final after penalties|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=15 May 2014}}</ref> [[2015 UEFA Europa League final|2015]], [[2016 UEFA Europa League final|2016]], [[2020 UEFA Europa League final|2020]] and [[2023 UEFA Europa League final|2023]]. The [[Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium|Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán]] and [[Estadio Benito Villamarín|Benito Villamarín]], stadiums of Sevilla and Betis respectively, were venues for the [[1982 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jan Alsos |url=http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1982/wc82index.html |title=1982 – Match Schedule |publisher=Planet World Cup |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> Sevilla's stadium also hosted the [[1986 European Cup final]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lvironpigs.wordpress.com/2010/12/19/1986-european-cup-final-fc-barcelona-v-steaua-bucharest-complete-game-film/ |title=1986 European Cup Final : FC Barcelona v Steaua Bucharest – Complete Game Film &#124; BETWEEN THE STICKS – ZWISCHEN DEN STOECKEN: Weil Jemand Es Tun Muss |website=Lvironpigs.wordpress.com |access-date=12 March 2013|date=19 December 2010 }}</ref> and the multi-purpose stadium built in 1999 [[Estadio de La Cartuja|La Cartuja]], was the venue for the [[2003 UEFA Cup final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/3043029.stm |title=Porto end Celtic's Uefa dream |work=BBC News|date=21 May 2003 |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> Seville has an [[ACB League]] basketball club, the [[Real Betis Baloncesto]].

Seville has hosted both [[IAAF World Indoor Championships|indoor]] ([[1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1991]]) and [[IAAF World Championships in Athletics|outdoor]] ([[1999 World Championships in Athletics|1999]]) World Championships in athletics, while housed the tennis [[Davis Cup]] final in [[2004 Davis Cup|2004]] and [[2011 Davis Cup|2011]]. The city unsuccessfully bid for the [[Bids for the 2004 Summer Olympics|2004]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkins |first=Luke |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympic-games-11-cities-bid-to-stage-2004-games-1323488.html |title=Olympic Games: 11 cities bid to stage 2004 Games – Sport |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=11 January 1996 |access-date=12 March 2013 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216102750/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympic-games-11-cities-bid-to-stage-2004-games-1323488.html }}</ref> and [[Bids for the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Summer Olympics]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/1999/05/05/seville_stadium/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718144343/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/1999/05/05/seville_stadium/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |title=CNN/SI – Olympics – Seville seeking 2008 Olympic bid – Wednesday May 05, 1999 12:37&nbsp;pm |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=5 May 1999 |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> for which the 60,000-seat [[Estadio de La Cartuja]] was designed to stage. Seville's River Guadalquivir is one of only three [[International Rowing Federation|FISA]] approved international training centres for [[rowing (sport)|rowing]] and the only one in Spain; the [[2002 World Rowing Championships]] and the [[2013 European Rowing Championships]] were held there.

==In fiction==
* The 1613 [[picaresque novel]] ''[[Rinconete y Cortadillo]]'' by Miguel de Cervantes takes place in the city of Seville.
* The novel {{Lang|fr|[[La Femme et le pantin]]}} (''The Woman and the Puppet'') (1898) by [[Pierre Louÿs]], adapted for film several times, is set mainly in Seville.
* Seville is the setting for the legend of [[Don Juan]] (inspired by the real aristocrat [[Don Miguel de Mañara]]) on the [[Paseo Alcalde Marqués de Contadero]].
* Seville is the primary setting of many operas, the best known of which are [[Georges Bizet|Bizet]]'s ''[[Carmen]]'' (based on [[Prosper Mérimée|Mérimée]]'s [[Carmen (novella)|novella]]), [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]]'s ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'', [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]'s ''[[La forza del destino]]'', [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s ''[[Fidelio]]'', [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s ''[[Don Giovanni]]'' and ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'', and [[Prokofiev]]'s ''[[Betrothal in a Monastery]]''.
* Seville is the setting of the novel ''The Seville Communion'' by [[Arturo Pérez-Reverte]].
* Seville is both the location and setting for much of the 1985 ''[[Doctor Who]]'' television serial "[[The Two Doctors]]".
* Seville is also used as one of the locations in Dan Brown's ''[[Digital Fortress]]''.
* Seville is one of the settings in [[Jostein Gaarder]]'s book ''The Orange Girl'' (''Appelsinpiken'').
* Seville is the hometown of the two main characters in the 2000 film ''[[The Road to El Dorado]]'' by [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]]. Miguel and Tulio are con artists that stow away on a ship bound for the [[New World]] and win a map for the fabled lost city of gold, [[El Dorado]], and are invariably seen as gods by the locals.
* [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''[[Spanish Testament]]'' is based on the writer's experiences while held in the Seville prison, under a sentence of death, during the [[Spanish Civil War]].
* [[Robert Wilson (crime novelist)|Robert Wilson]]'s police novel ''The Hidden Assassins'' (2006) concerns a terrorist incident in Seville and the political context thereof, with much local colour.
* The ''[[Plaza de España, Seville|Plaza de España]]'' in the ''Parque de María Luisa'' appears in George Lucas' ''[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones]]'', in ''[[The Dictator (2012 film)|The Dictator]]'', starring [[Sacha Baron Cohen]], as the palace of the dictator ''Aladeen'', and in ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' as the British Army headquarters in [[Cairo]], while the courtyard was the [[Hotel Alfonso XIII|King Alfonso XIII Hotel]].
* The ''Plaza of the Americas'' also appeared in ''Lawrence'', substituting for [[Jerusalem]], and in [[Anthony Mann]]'s ''[[El Cid (film)|El Cid]]''. It also appears as the Palace of [[Vladek Sheybal]]'s Bashaw in ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'' (1975).
* The [[Alcázar of Seville|Alcázar]] and other sites appear in the television series ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', in the cities of Dorne.
* In the 2016 film ''[[Assassin's Creed (film)|Assassin's Creed]]'', Master Assassins Aguilar de Nerha and Maria escape execution and are pursued by Templars through the city, eventually performing Leaps of Faith off of an unfinished Seville Cathedral to escape.
* In ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'', Ethan Hunt is sent to Seville to recruit Nyah Nordoff-Hall.

==In travel writing==
* ''The Tomb in Seville'' by [[Norman Lewis (author)|Norman Lewis]].

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}
Seville is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Angers]] (France), 1989.<ref name=montero />
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Barcelona]] (Spain), 1987.<ref name=montero /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noticias.info/archivo/2004/200403/20040320/20040320_20532.shtm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040606031440/http://www.noticias.info/archivo/2004/200403/20040320/20040320_20532.shtm |archive-date=6 June 2004 |title=Noticias – Sevilla Y Barcelona Colaborarán Estrechamente Para Difundir Los Valores Del Fórum |website=Noticias.info |date=20 March 2004 |access-date=10 April 2011 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]] (Argentina), 1976.<ref name=montero /><ref name="Hermanamientos con Latinoamérica">''[http://www.femp.es/index.php/femp/content/download/7117/65153/file/070202_con_latinoamérica.pdf Hermanamientos con Latinoamérica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313081200/http://femp.es/index.php/femp/content/download/7117/65153/file/070202_con_latinoam%C3%A9rica.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://femp.es/index.php/femp/content/download/7117/65153/file/070202_con_latinoam%C3%A9rica.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |date=13 March 2016 }}'' (102,91&nbsp;kB). [29-9-2008]</ref>
* {{flagdeco|USA}} [[Columbus, Ohio]] (United States), 1988.<ref name=montero>{{Cite journal|url=https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-18-ciudades-mundo-estan-hermanadas-sevilla-201804220748_noticia.html|journal=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|title=Las 18 ciudades del mundo que están hermanadas con Sevilla|date=22 April 2018|first=Rocío|last=Montero}}</ref><ref name="CSCI">{{cite web|url = http://www.columbussistercities.org/index.php/seville-spain|title = Columbus – Sister Cities|access-date = 4 August 2013|work = Columbus Sister Cities International, Inc.|archive-date = 4 August 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130804211236/http://www.columbussistercities.org/index.php/seville-spain|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] (Spain), 1908.<ref name=montero />
* {{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Guadalajara]] (Mexico), 1984.<ref name=montero />
* {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]] (Cuba), 2007.<ref name=montero /><ref name="Hermanamientos con Latinoamérica"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pcasevilla.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/nos-visito-el-poder-popular-de-ciudad-de-la-habana/ |title=Nos Visitó El Poder Popular De Ciudad De La Habana " Comité Local Pca-Sevilla |website=Pcasevilla.wordpress.com |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313024332/http://pcasevilla.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/nos-visito-el-poder-popular-de-ciudad-de-la-habana/ |archive-date=13 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Guadalajara sisters">{{cite web | url =http://www.guadalajara.gob.mx/dependencias/relacionespublicas/versioningles/sistercities.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120302011742/http://www.guadalajara.gob.mx/dependencias/relacionespublicas/versioningles/sistercities.html|archive-date = 2 March 2012 | title = Sister Cities, Public Relations | publisher = Guadalajara municipal government|access-date = 12 March 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|USA}} [[Kansas City, Missouri]] (United States), 1969. The relationship between Seville and Kansas City is due to a small replica of the Giralda tower, Sevilla's cathedral belltower, that exists in Kansas City.<ref name="Kansas City - Sister Cities">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain|title=Kansas City – Sister Cities|access-date=4 August 2013|work=Sister City Association of Kansas City, MO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121003415/http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain|archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain |title=Seville, Spain – Kansas City Sister Cities |website=Kcsistercities.org |access-date=12 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209162057/http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain |archive-date=9 February 2012 }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Laredo, Cantabria|Laredo]] (Spain), 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://sevilla.abc.es/noticias/sevi-sevilla-y-laredo-firman-acuerdo-hermanamiento-vocacion-cooperacion-mutua-201710131638_noticia.html|journal=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|title=Sevilla y Laredo firman su acuerdo de hermanamiento con vocación de cooperación mutua|first=Pedro|last=Ybarra|date=13 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Marrakech]] (Morocco), 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marrakech y Sevilla sellan su hermanamiento para estrechar "relaciones de amistad y de cooperación"|publisher=[[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]]|url=https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-marrakech-sevilla-sellan-hermanamiento-estrechar-relaciones-amistad-cooperacion-20170405175412.html|date=5 April 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Medina de Rioseco]] (Spain), 2016.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.elnortedecastilla.es/valladolid/201610/04/rioseco-oficializa-hermanamiento-sevilla-20161004091621.html|journal=[[El Norte de Castilla]]|date=4 October 2016|title=Rioseco oficializa su hermanamiento con Sevilla|author=M.G.M}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|SLV}} [[San Salvador]] (El Salvador), 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]]|url=https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-sevilla-san-salvador-sellan-hermanamiento-abren-cooperacion-economica-social-cultural-cientifica-20181101174304.html|title=Sevilla y San Salvador sellan su hermanamiento y se abren a cooperación económica, social, cultural y científica|date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Sevilla la Nueva]] (Spain).<ref name=montero />

{{div col end}}

;Partnerships
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kraków]] (Poland), 2002.<ref name="Kraków">{{cite web|url=http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16|title=Kraków otwarty na świat|website=Krakow.pl|access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref>

==Titles==
Seville has been given titles by Spanish monarchs and heads of state throughout its history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.degelo.com/sevilla/sev26.htm |title=De los títulos de la Ciudad de Sevilla.|website=Degelo.com}}</ref>
* '''Very Noble''', by King Ferdinand III of Castile after his reconquest of the city.
* '''Very Loyal''', by King [[Alfonso X of Castile]] for supporting him against a rebellion. See also the Motto "NO8DO".
* '''Very Heroic''', by King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] by Royal Document on 13 October 1817 for support against the French invasion.
* '''Invictus''' (Invincible in [[Latin language|Latin]]), by Queen [[Isabella II of Spain]] for the city's resistance against General Van Halen's asedium and bombing in 1843.
* '''Mariana''', by General [[Francisco Franco]] in 1946 for the city's devotion to the Virgin Mary.

==Notable people==
=== Historical ===
* Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, poet and Arabic king of Sevilla 1040–1095
* Physician [[Ibn Zuhr|Avenzoar]]
* The family of the Arabic historian and sociologist [[Ibn Khaldun]]
* 13th-century poet [[Ibn Sahl of Seville]]
* [[Luis del Alcázar]], a [[Jesuit]] theologian, (1554–1613)
* Renaissance composers [[Cristóbal de Morales]], [[Francisco Guerrero (composer)|Francisco Guerrero]]
* 16th-century novelist [[Mateo Alemán]]
* Playwrights [[Lope de Rueda]]<ref name=owaytours/> and [[Hermanos Alvarez Quintero]]
* Historian of [[New Spain]] [[Bartolomé de Las Casas]]
* Colonial governor of La Florida and Cuba: [[Laureano de Torres y Ayala]]
* Colonial governor of La Florida: [[Pablo de Hita y Salazar]]
* Baroque painters [[Diego Velázquez]], [[Valdés Leal]] and [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]]
* Explorer and astronomer [[Antonio de Ulloa]]
* [[Renaissance]] poets [[Fernando de Herrera]] and [[Gutierre de Cetina]]
* [[Maria Antonietta of Spain]], ''[[Queen consort of Sardinia]]'' (1729–1785)
* Notable Costumbrista painter [[José Jiménez Aranda]], who liked to depict the 19th century society of Seville and its buildings 
* Romantic poet [[Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer]]<ref name=owaytours/>
* Bullfighters [[Juan Belmonte]], [[Curro Romero]], [[Ignacio Sánchez Mejías]], [[Emilio Muñoz]] and [[José Gómez Ortega]]
* [[Second Spanish Republic]] Prime Minister [[Diego Martínez Barrio|Diego Martinez]], communist politician [[José Díaz (politician)|José Díaz]] and Carlist politician [[Manuel Fal Conde|Manuel Fal]].

=== 20th-century artists ===
* [[Vicente Aleixandre]] ([[Nobel Prize for Literature|Nobel Laureate]])
* [[Antonio Machado|Antonio]] and [[Manuel Machado y Ruiz|Manuel Machado]]
* [[Luis Cernuda]]
* Composer [[Joaquín Turina]]
* Drag queen [[Carmen Farala]], winner of the [[Drag Race España (season 1)|first season]] of ''[[Drag Race España]]''
* Cartoonist [[William Haselden]]
* Actors [[Juan Diego (actor)|Juan Diego]], [[Paco León]]
* Actresses [[Soledad Miranda]], [[Verónica Sánchez]], [[Carmen Sevilla]],<ref name=owaytours>{{cite web |title=Illustrious people from Seville |url=https://owaytours.com/en/blog/illustrious-people-from-seville/ |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> [[Paz Vega]],<ref name=owaytours/> [[Azucena Hernández]]
* [[El Risitas]], humorist
* Comedian [[Manuel Summers]]
* Embroiderer [[Esperanza Elena Caro]]
* [[Maria Pages]], dancer
* [[Jairo Barrull Fernández]], Spanish [[Gypsy|Romani]] flamenco dancer
=== Models ===
* [[Teresa Sánchez López]] who won the title of Miss National in the [[Miss Spain]] contest 1984 and, representing Spain, was close to the crown of [[Miss Universe]] in 1985 (1st runner up).
* [[Eva Maria González]] beauty queen and model who was [[Miss España]] 2003 (representing Andalusia)
=== Singers ===
* [[Isabel Pantoja]]
* [[Juanita Reina]]
* [[Lole y Manuel]]
* [[Paquita Rico]]
* [[El Caracol (singer)|El Caracol]]
* [[Falete]]
* [[Pastora Soler]]
* [[Mala Rodríguez]]
=== Athletes ===
* Association footballers [[José Antonio Reyes]], [[Fernando Muñoz|Fernando "Nando" Muñoz]], [[Ricardo Serna]], [[Sergio Ramos]], [[Jesús Navas]], [[Antonio Puerta]], [[Carlos Marchena]], [[Manu Palancar]], [[Capi (footballer, born 1977)|Jesús Capitán "Capi"]], [[Adrián (footballer)|Adrián]], [[Olga Carmona]], [[Irene Guerrero]]
* Olympic swimmer [[Fátima Madrid]]
* Bullfighter [[Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega]], known as "Cagancho" (1903–1984).

=== Other notable people ===
* Navy officer [[Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios]] who became Captain General of the [[Spanish Republican Navy]]
* Politicians [[Felipe González]], [[President of the Government of Spain]] from 1982 to 1996, and [[Alfonso Guerra]], vice-president from 1982 to 1991
* Criminal [[Manuel Delgado Villegas]], serial killer
* Mystic [[Bárbara de Santo Domingo]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Spain}}
* [[Azulejo]]
* [[Cadillac Seville]], a car that was named after the city
* [[Church of Santa Maria la Blanca (Seville)]]
* [[Isla Mágica]]
* [[Seville Public Library]]
* [[Seville Statement on Violence]]
* [[List of municipalities in Seville]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{SmithDGRG|title=Seville}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q8717|v=no|b=no|n=no|c=category:Seville|q=no|species=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no}}
* [http://www.spain.info/en_GB/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/grandes-ciudades/sevilla.html Seville in the official website of Tourism in Spain]
* [http://www.sevilla.org/ Official website of the city council.] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://www.postalcodigo.com/sevilla Postal Codes in Seville] {{in lang|es}}
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[[Category:Seville| ]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Spain]]
[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Spain]]
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[[Category:Municipalities of the Province of Seville]]
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[[Category:Province of Seville]]