Editing Serer-Ndut people

{{Short description|Senegalese ethnic group}}
{{multiple image
| header    = Serer Kings
| footer    = Kings of [[Kingdom of Sine|Sine]] (left to right) : [[Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof]]  and [[Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof]].
| width     = 150
| image1    = SererMan.jpg
| image2    = Buur Sine Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof.jpg
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The '''Serer-Ndut''' or '''Ndut''' also spelt (''Ndoute'' or ''N'doute'') are an ethnic group in [[Senegal]] numbering 38600.<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ndv Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Ethnologue.com Figures of 2007]</ref>
They are part of the [[Serer people]] who collectively make up the third largest ethnic group in Senegal.<ref>Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie</ref>  The Serer-Ndut live mostly in western Senegal in the district of Mont-Roland, northwest of the city of [[Thiès]].

==Culture==
{{main|Ndut language}}
Their language [[Ndut language|Ndut]], is one of the [[Cangin languages]], closely related to [[Palor language|Palor]]. Like the other Cangin languages, the speakers are ethnically [[Serer people|Serers]] but they do not speak the [[Serer language|Serer-Sine language]]. [[Image:Serer Religious Ceremony.jpg|thumb|100px |left|Symbol of the [[Ndut initiation rite]], a rite of passage in [[Serer religion]] and culture.]]
Their language is not a dialect of Serer-Sine (or Serer proper).<ref>[[Guillaume Segerer]] & Florian Lionnet 2010. [http://25images.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/player/player.php?id=72&id_sequence=431 "'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331180907/http://25images.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/player/player.php?id=72&id_sequence=431 |date=2012-03-31 }}. ''Language Isolates in Africa'' workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4</ref> The people are agriculturalists and lake fishermen.

== Religion ==
{{main|Serer religion|Ndut initiation rite}}
Serer-Ndut people traditionally and still practice the [[Serer religion]] which involves [[Veneration of the dead|honouring the ancestors]] covering all dimensions of life, death, [[Religious cosmology#Serer religion|cosmology]] etc.<ref>[[Issa Laye Thiaw]]. "La Religiosite de Seereer, Avant et pendant leur Islamisation". Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991</ref><ref>[[Henry Gravrand|Gravramd, Henry]], "La Civilisation Sereer - ''Pangool'', Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du [[Senegal]], (1990), p. 9. {{ISBN|2-7236-1055-1}}</ref>  Their name for the Supreme Deity ([[Roog (Serer deity)|Roog]] - in Serer religion) is [[Kopé Tiatie Cac]] - (''God the grandfather'' in the [[Ndut language]]).<ref>{{in lang|fr}} Ndiaye, Ousmane Sémou, "Diversité et unicité sérères : l’exemple de la région de Thiès", Éthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 [http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?page=imprimer-article&id_article=1253]</ref> The [[Ndut initiation rite]], a [[rite of passage]] in Serer religion takes its name from the Ndut language. Some Serer-Ndut are Catholic.  The main [[Catholic mission]] is at the town of Tiin.

== History ==
{{main|Timeline of Serer history|Serer ancient history|Serer history (medieval era to present)}}

The Serer people to which they are a sub-group of are the oldest inhabitants of [[Senegambia]] along with the [[Jola people]]. Their ancestors were dispersed throughout the [[Senegambia|Senegambia Region]] and it is suggested that they built the [[Senegambian stone circles]]<ref>Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - ''Pangool''", Les Nouvelles Editions [[Africa]]ines du [[Senegal]], 1990, p. 77, {{ISBN|2-7236-1055-1}}</ref><ref>Gambian Studies No. 17., "People of The Gambia. I. The Wolof with notes on the Serer and the Lebou", By David P. Gamble & Linda K. Salmon with Alhaji Hassan Njie, [[San Francisco]] (1985)</ref><ref name="Serer-Jola">Espie, Ian, "A thousand years of West African history: a handbook for teachers and students", Editors : J. F. Ade Ajayi, Ian Espie, Humanities Press (1972), p 134, {{ISBN|0-391-00217-1}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|fr}} Becker, Charles: "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer". Dakar. 1993. CNRS - ORS TO M [http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_01/010014636.pdf] (Excerpt) (Retrieved : 28 June 2012)</ref> although other sources suggest it was probably the Jola.<ref name="Serer-Jola"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Arnold|title=Historical Dictionary of The Gambia|year=2008|edition=4th revised |publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1|author2=David Perfect|page=xix}}</ref>

The Ndut were also the original founders of [[Biffeche]] as well as the Mt Rolland.<ref>[[Henry Gravrand|Gravrand, Henry]], "La civilisation Sereer  - ''Cosaan'' : les origines, vol.1, pp. 140–146, Nouvelles Editions [[Africa]]ines, 1983, {{ISBN|2-7236-0877-8}}</ref><ref name="Ndut1">More about the Ndut : [[Marguerite Dupire|Dupire, Marguerite]], "Sagesse [[Serer people|sereer]]: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut":[https://books.google.com/books?id=Fag2wuiV7t8C&q=Sagesse+sereer:essais+sur+la+pense+sereer+ndut]</ref><ref>Klein, Martin A., "Islam  and Imperialism in [[Senegal]], [[Sine-Saloum]]", pp VII-5, Edinburgh University Press, (1968), {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}}</ref><ref>Ndut-people in [http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall.jsp?id=620&idioma=9 Lingua Món Casa de les Llengües] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151845/http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall.jsp?id=620&idioma=9 |date=2014-05-17 }}</ref> During the colonial period of [[Senegal]], both the [[French colonial empire|French administration]] and [[:Category:Muslim communities of Senegal|the Muslim communities of Senegal]] tried to [[Ethnic cleansing|annihilate]] the Serer-Ndut people.<ref>Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)</ref><ref name="Ndut">Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141–146, Heinemann (2002), {{ISBN|0-325-07017-2}}</ref> They failed to achieve their objectives.

{{Portal|Senegal}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|}}

== Bibliography ==
*[[Issa Laye Thiaw|Thiaw, Issa Laye]], ''"La Religiosite de Seereer, avant et pendant leur Islamisation"'', [in] Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine, Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre (1991)
*Dione, Salif,  "L'APPEL du Ndut. ou l'initiation des garcons Seereer", [[Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire|IFAN]] [[Cheikh Anta Diop]] (2004)
*[[Henry Gravrand|Gravrand, Henry]], "La Civilisation Sereer - ''Pangool''", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990), p 9 and 77, {{ISBN|2-7236-1055-1}}
*Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141–146, Heinemann (2002), {{ISBN|0-325-07017-2}}
*Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer - Cosaan : les origines, vol.1, pp. 140–146, Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1983, {{ISBN|2-7236-0877-8}}
*[[Marguerite Dupire|Dupire, Marguerite]], "Sagesse [[Serer people|sereer]]: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut":[https://books.google.com/books?id=Fag2wuiV7t8C&q=Sagesse+sereer:essais+sur+la+pense+sereer+ndut]
*Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)
*Klein, Martin A., "Islam  and Imperialism in [[Senegal]], [[Sine-Saloum]]" 1847–1914, pp VII-5, [[Edinburgh University Press]], (1968), {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}}
*Daggs, Elisa, "All Africa: All its political entities of independent or other status", Hasting House, (1970), {{ISBN|0-8038-0336-2}}
*Taal, Alhaji Ebou Momar, "Senegambian Ethnic Groups: Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability" (2010)
*Gamble, David P., & Salmon, Linda K., (with Njie, Alhaji Hassan), "Gambian Studies No. 17 : People of The Gambia. I. The Wolof, with notes on the Serer and Lebou", San Francisco (1985)

{{Serer topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Ethnic groups in the Gambia}}
{{Ethnic groups in Senegal}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Serer people]]