Editing Seine-Saint-Denis

{{short description|Department of France in Île-de-France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name               = {{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}}
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type               = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline      = Saint-Denis - Basilique Saint-Denis et l'abbaye -1.JPG
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]]
| image_flag         = Proposition de drapeau fr département Seine-Saint-Denis.svg
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Blason département fr Seine-Saint-Denis.svg
| shield_alt         = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_map          = Seine-Saint-Denis-Position.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location of {{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} in France
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|54|N|02|29|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{lang|fr|[[Île-de-France]]|italic=no}}
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| seat_type          = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat               = {{lang|fr|[[Bobigny]]|italic=no}}
| parts_type         = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = {{lang|fr|[[Le Raincy]]<br>[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]|italic=no}}
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party       = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title       = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name        = [[Stéphane Troussel]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2     = 236
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| population_total   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank    = [[List of French departments by population|4th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_3gdp/default/table | title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = €66.227 billion (2021)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita 
| demographics1_info2 = €38,688 (2021)
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1    = 93
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[arrondissements of the Seine-Saint-Denis department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Cantons of the Seine-Saint-Denis department|21]]
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = [[Communes of the Seine-Saint-Denis department|39]]
| timezone1          = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1        = +1
| timezone1_DST      = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +2
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = 
| website            = 
| footnotes          = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| leader_title1      = [[Prefect (France)|Prefect]]
| leader_name1       = [[Jacques Witkowski]]
}}
'''{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA|fr|sɛn  sɛ̃ d(ə)ni|audio=Seine-Saint-Denis prononciation.mp3}}) is a [[Departments of France|department of France]] located in the [[Grand Paris]] [[Métropole|metropolis]] in the {{lang|fr|[[Île-de-France]]|italic=no}} [[Regions of France|region]]. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ''{{lang|fr|quatre-vingt treize}}'' or ''{{lang|fr|neuf trois}}'' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Bobigny]].

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across [[Communes of the Seine-Saint-Denis department|39 communes]].<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep93.pdf Populations légales 2019: 93 Seine-Saint-Denis], INSEE</ref> In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is {{lang|fr|Séquano-Dionysiens}}; more common is {{lang|fr|Dionysiens}}.

== Geography ==
The department is surrounded by the departments of [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Val-de-Marne]], [[Paris]], [[Val-d'Oise]], and [[Seine-et-Marne]]. It is thus one of only five French departments surrounded entirely by other departments of the same region.

{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} is located to the northeast of [[Paris]]. It has a surface area of only 236&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (91 sq mi), making it one of the smallest departments in France. Seine-Saint-Denis and two other small departments, {{lang|fr|[[Hauts-de-Seine]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|[[Val-de-Marne]]|italic=no}}, form a ring around [[Paris]], known as the {{lang|fr|[[Île-de-France|Petite Couronne]]}} ("little crown"). Since 1 January 2016, together with [[Paris]], they have formed the area of [[Grand Paris|Greater Paris]] (Grand Paris).

[[File:Petite couronne.svg|frameless]]

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]; the prefecture [[Bobigny]] is the eleventh-most populous. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 70,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 112,852
|-
| [[Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis|Montreuil]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 111,240
|-
| [[Aubervilliers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 88,948
|-
| [[Aulnay-sous-Bois]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 86,969
|-
| [[Drancy]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 72,376
|}

== Administration ==
{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} is made up of three [[arrondissements of France|departmental {{lang|fr|arrondissements|nocat=y}}]] and 40 [[communes of France|communes]]:

[[Image:Administrative map 93.png|300px]]
{{column|num=3
|1=
'''[[Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|{{lang|fr|Arrondissement|nocat=y|italic=no}} of<br/>{{lang|fr|Saint-Denis|nocat=y|italic=no}}]]:'''
#{{lang|fr|[[Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Aubervilliers]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[L'Île-Saint-Denis]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Épinay-sur-Seine]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Villetaneuse]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Pierrefitte-sur-Seine]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Stains, Seine-Saint-Denis|Stains]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[La Courneuve]]|italic=no}}
|2=
'''[[Arrondissement of Bobigny|{{lang|fr|Arrondissement|nocat=y|italic=no}} of<br/>{{lang|fr|Bobigny|nocat=y|italic=no}}]]:'''
#<li value=10>{{lang|fr|[[Dugny]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Le Bourget]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Drancy]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Bobigny]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Bondy]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Noisy-le-Sec]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Romainville]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Pantin]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Le Pré-Saint-Gervais]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Les Lilas]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Bagnolet]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis|Montreuil]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Rosny-sous-Bois]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Villemomble]]|italic=no}}
|3=
'''[[Arrondissement of Le Raincy|{{lang|fr|Arrondissement|nocat=y|italic=no}} of<br/>{{lang|fr|Le Raincy|nocat=y|italic=no}}]]:'''
#<li value=25>{{lang|fr|[[Neuilly-Plaisance]]|italic=no}}</li>
#{{lang|fr|[[Neuilly-sur-Marne]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Noisy-le-Grand]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Gournay-sur-Marne]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Gagny]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Le Raincy]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Clichy-sous-Bois]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Montfermeil]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Coubron]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Vaujours]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Livry-Gargan]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Sevran]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Aulnay-sous-Bois]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Le Blanc-Mesnil]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis|Villepinte]]|italic=no}}
#{{lang|fr|[[Tremblay-en-France]]|italic=no}}
}}

== History ==
{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} was created in January 1968, through the implementation of a law passed in July 1964. It was formed from the part of the (hitherto larger) [[Seine (department)|Seine department]] to the north and north-east of the [[Boulevard Périphérique|Paris ring road]] (and the line of the old city walls), together with a small slice taken from {{lang|fr|[[Seine-et-Oise]]|italic=no}}.

{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} has a history as a [[left-wing]] stronghold, belonging to the {{lang|fr|[[ceinture rouge]]}} (red belt) of [[Paris]]. The [[French Communist Party]] has maintained a continued strong presence in the department, and still controls the city councils in cities such as {{lang|fr|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis|Montreuil]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|[[La Courneuve]]|italic=no}}. Until 2008, {{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|[[Val-de-Marne]]|italic=no}} were the only departments where the Communist Party had a majority in the [[general councils (France)|general councils]] but the [[2008 French cantonal elections|2008 cantonal elections]] saw the socialists become the strongest group at the {{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} general council (while the Communist Party gained a majority in {{lang|fr|[[Allier]]|italic=no}} and lost it in 2015).

A commune of {{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[Clichy-sous-Bois]]|italic=no}}, was the scene of the death of two youths which sparked the nationwide [[2005 civil unrest in France|riots of autumn 2005]]. In October and November, 9,000 cars were burned and 3,000 rioters were arrested.

In 2018, the department had the highest crime rate in metropolitan France.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/15/rap-info/i1014.asp|title=N° 1014 - Rapport d'information de MM. François Cornut-Gentille et Rodrigue Kokouendo déposé en application de l'article 146-3 du règlement, par le comité d'évaluation et de contrôle des politiques publiques sur l'évaluation de l'action de l'État dans l'exercice de ses missions régaliennes en Seine-Saint-Denis|website=www.assemblee-nationale.fr|access-date=2018-07-08}}</ref> In 2017, the area was the location of 18% of all drug offences in metropolitan France.<ref name=":0" />

== Demographics ==
{{lang|fr|Seine-Saint-Denis|italic=no}} is the French department with the highest proportion of [[immigration|immigrants]]: 21.7% at the 1999 census (see table below). An immigrant according to [[INSEE]] is anyone born non-French within or outside France and as such, this figure does not include people born French but with a migrant background or from [[overseas France]]. The ratio of ethnic minorities is difficult to estimate accurately as French law prohibits the collection of ethnic data for census taking purposes.

In 2018, the poverty rate was twice the national average at 28%, the unemployment rate was 3% above the national average, at 12.7%. In 2018, it was estimated that 8–20% of the population in the department were illegal immigrants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2018/07/04/01016-20180704ARTFIG00238-en-seine-saint-denis-l-etat-desempare-face-a-l-ampleur-du-nombre-de-clandestins.php|title=Immigration clandestine : la Seine-Saint-Denis débordée|date=2018-07-04|work=FIGARO|access-date=2018-07-08|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

Population development since 1881:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/93his.html|title=Historique de la Seine-Saint-Denis|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-93|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom|29=1881|30=180,412|31=1891|32=230,992|33=1901|34=307,329|35=1911|36=411,443|37=1921|38=504,956|39=1931|40=769,315|41=1936|42=776,378|43=1946|44=730,361|45=1954|46=845,231|47=1962|48=1,083,724|49=1968|50=1,249,606|51=1975|52=1,322,127|53=1982|54=1,324,301|55=1990|56=1,381,197|57=1999|58=1,382,861|59=2006|60=1,491,972|61=2011|62=1,529,928|63=2016|64=1,606,660}}

=== Education ===
An education study confirmed falling levels of literacy in the area, where the percentage of pupils who had 25 errors or more increased from 5.4% in 1987 to 19.8% in 2015.<ref name=":0" />

===Place of birth of residents===
{{France immigration
|collectivity_name=Seine-Saint-Denis
|census_year=1999
|metropolitan_France=72.5
|outside_metropolitan_France=27.5
|overseas_France=3.1
|foreign_French= 2.7
|EU-15=4.4
|non-EU-15=17.3
}}

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is [[Stéphane Troussel]], first elected in 2012.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/fr/france-2022-election-presidentielle-second-tour-resultats | title=Les résultats du second tour de l'élection présidentielle | date=19 April 2022 }}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 73.72
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 26.28
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles | title=Présidentielles }}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 78.82
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 21.18
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 65.32
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 34.68
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 56.54
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 43.46
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 82.56
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 17.44
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html | title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania }}</ref>
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 51.84
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 48.16
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===
[[File:Circonscriptions de Seine-Saint-Denis - 2012.svg|thumb|Seine-Saint-Denis's constituencies for the National Assembly]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 1st constituency]]
| [[Éric Coquerel]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Stéphane Peu]]
| [[French Communist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Thomas Portes]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 4th constituency]]
| [[Soumya Bourouaha]]
| [[French Communist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 5th constituency]]
| [[Raquel Garrido]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 6th constituency]]
| [[Bastien Lachaud]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 7th constituency]]
| [[Alexis Corbière]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 8th constituency]]
| [[Fatiha Keloua Hachi]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 9th constituency]]
| [[Aurélie Trouvé]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 10th constituency]]
| [[Nadège Abomangoli]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 11th constituency]]
| [[Clémentine Autain]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis's 12th constituency]]
| [[Jérôme Legavre]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|}

== Tourism ==
<gallery>
File:Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette.jpg|Memorial to King [[Louis XVI]] and Queen [[Marie Antoinette]] in [[Basilica of St Denis]]
File:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace.jpg|[[Musée de l'Air|Aerospace Museum]] in {{lang|fr|[[Le Bourget]]|italic=no}}
File:Finale Coupe de France 2010-2011 (Lille LOSC vs Paris SG PSG).jpg|{{lang|fr|[[Stade de France]]|italic=no}}
File:Sevran - Canal de l Ourcq 4.jpg|{{lang|fr|[[Canal de l'Ourcq]]|italic=no}}
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news |last=Bédarida |first=Catherine |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2008/09/29/seine-saint-denis-naissance-d-un-ghetto_1100152_3238.html |title=Seine-Saint-Denis, naissance d'un ghetto |trans-title=Seine-Saint-Denis, birth of a ghetto |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=29 September 2008 }}
* {{Cite news |last=Hurtes |first=Sarah |date=2024-07-20 |title=The Olympics Is Transforming Their Neighborhood. And Kicking Them Out. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/20/world/europe/france-paris-immigration-homeless-olympics.html |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US}}
* {{cite web |last=Kefi |first=Ramses |url=http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/2015/01/30/pourquoi-toujours-9-3-257397 |title=Pourquoi toujours le 9-3&thinsp;? |trans-title=Why is it always Seine-Saint-Denis? |work=[[L'Obs]] |date=30 January 2015 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons and category|Seine-Saint-Denis|Seine-Saint-Denis}}

* [https://seinesaintdenis.fr/ Seine-Saint-Denis Departmental Council] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.seine-saint-denis.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://uk.tourisme93.com/ Seine-Saint-Denis Tourist Board]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Seine-Saint-Denis communes}}
{{Olympic venues swimming}}
{{Olympic venues diving}}
{{Olympic venues synchronized swimming}} 
{{2024 Summer Olympic Venues}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Seine-Saint-Denis| ]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Venues of the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic swimming venues]]
[[Category:Olympic diving venues]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]