Editing Seine-Maritime

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Seine-Maritime
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Préfecture du département et de région.JPG
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Seine-Maritime department, in Rouen
| image_flag              = Proposed flag for Seine-Maritime.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Arms of the French Department of Seine-Maritime.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Seine-Maritime-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Seine-Maritime in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|49|40|N|0|50|E|region:FR-76_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = France
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Rouen]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]]<br>[[Le Havre]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Bertrand Bellanger<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6278
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|16th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 76
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Seine-Maritime department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Seine-Maritime department|35]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Seine-Maritime department|708]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-76
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{Note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Seine-Maritime''' ({{IPA|fr|sɛn maʁitim|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Seine-Maritime.wav}}) is a [[department of France]] in the [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the [[Seine]], and includes the cities of [[Rouen]] and [[Le Havre]]. Until 1955 it was named '''Seine-Inférieure'''. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep76.pdf Populations légales 2019: 76 Seine-Maritime], INSEE</ref>

== History ==

;1790 - Creation of the Seine-Inférieure department
:The department was created from part of the [[Provinces of France|old province]] of [[Normandy]] during the [[French Revolution]], on 4 March 1790, through the application of a law of 22 December 1789.

;1815 - Occupation
:After the victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] of the coalition armies, the department was occupied by [[United Kingdom|British]] [[British army|forces]] from June 1815 till November 1818.

;1843 – Railways and industry
:In Rouen, Elbeuf, and [[Bolbec]], the number of textile factories is increasing. Metallurgy and naval construction as well.

;1851 - A republican department
:Following President [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte's]] [[French coup d'état of 1851|1851 Coup d'état]], Seine-Inférieure was one of several departments placed under a state of emergency (literally, in French, ''[[:fr:État de siège (France)#Constitution du 14 janvier 1852|state of siege]])'' <ref>[[Jacques Olivier Boudon]], ''Les Bonaparte : regards sur la France impériale''. La Documentation photographique, dossier 8073, janvier-février 2010, p. 11 (carte de [[Gilles Pécout]])</ref> following fears of significant resistance to the new government.

; [[World War II]]
:In 1942, during occupation by [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Nazi Germany]], two [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] raids, the [[Operation Biting|Bruneval]] and [[Dieppe raid|Dieppe]], took place at towns of the channel coast of Seine-Inférieure.

;1955 - Rename to Seine-Maritime
In 1955, the department's name was officially changed to Seine-Maritime.

=== Heraldry ===
{{Blazon-arms
| img1=Arms of the French Department of Seine-Maritime.svg
| legend1=
| text= The arms of the departement Seine-Maritime are blazoned :<br />''Gules a fess wavy argent between two lions passant gardant or armed and langued azure.''
}}

== Geography ==
The department can be split into three main areas:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://france-for-visitors.com/normandy/seine-maritime/index.html|title=Seine Maritime|work=France-For-Visitors.com|publisher=Rough Guides|access-date=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* The [[Seine valley]]. The Seine flows through the provincial capital [[Rouen]].
* The chalk plateau [[Pays de Caux]], with its abrupt coastline (the [[Alabaster Coast]]). 
* The Norman [[Pays de Bray]], with its hills and [[bocage]] landscape.

===Administration===
The département was created in 1790 as Seine-Inférieure, one of five departements that replaced the former [[Provinces of France|province]] of [[Normandy]]. In 1800 five [[arrondissements]] were created within the département, namely [[Rouen]], [[Le Havre]], [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]], [[Neufchâtel-en-Bray|Neufchatel]] and [[Yvetot]], although the latter two were disbanded in 1926. On 18 January 1955 the name of the département was changed to Seine-Maritime, in order to provide a more positive-sounding name and in-keeping with changes made in a number of other French departements.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Le Havre]]; the prefecture [[Rouen]] is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Le Havre]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 168,290
|-
| [[Rouen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 112,321
|-
| [[Sotteville-lès-Rouen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 29,068
|-
| [[Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,352
|-
| [[Dieppe]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,241
|-
| [[Le Grand-Quevilly]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,963
|-
| [[Le Petit-Quevilly]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,000
|}

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/76his.html|title=Historique de la Seine-Maritime|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-76|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|15=1801|16=609,843|17=1821|18=655,804|19=1831|20=693,683|21=1841|22=737,206|23=1851|24=762,039|25=1861|26=789,988|27=1872|28=790,022|29=1881|30=814,068|31=1891|32=839,876|33=1901|34=853,883|35=1911|36=877,383|37=1921|38=880,671|39=1931|40=905,278|41=1936|42=915,628|43=1946|44=846,131|45=1954|46=941,684|47=1962|48=1,035,844|49=1968|50=1,113,977|51=1975|52=1,172,743|53=1982|54=1,193,039|55=1990|56=1,223,429|57=1999|58=1,239,138|59=2006|60=1,243,830|61=2011|62=1,251,282|63=2016|64=1,255,755}}

Previously lacking a demonym, the inhabitants of Seine-Maritime (as the department had been renamed in 1955) chose, following a public consultation, to be identified in official documents as "Seinomarins" <ref name="seinomarin">{{cite web |url=http://www.communes76.com/seinomarins.php|title= Seinomarins, un beau nom ! | publisher= Commune76}}</ref> (males) and "Seinomarines" (females).

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is Bertrand Bellanger, elected in 2019.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 55.28
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 44.72
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 60.42
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 39.58
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 54.94
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 45.06
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 50.20
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 49.80
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 82.58
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 17.42
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 1st constituency]]
| [[Florence Hérouin-Léautey]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Annie Vidal]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Édouard Bénard]]
| [[French Communist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 4th constituency]]
| [[Alma Dufour]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 5th constituency]]
| [[Gérard Leseul]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 6th constituency]]
| [[Patrice Martin]]
| [[National Rally]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Horizons (political party)}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 7th constituency]]
| [[Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 8th constituency]]
| [[Jean-Paul Lecoq]]
| [[French Communist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Horizons (political party)}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 9th constituency]]
| [[Marie-Agnès Poussier-Winsback]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Seine-Maritime's 10th constituency]]
| [[Robert Le Bourgeois]]
| [[National Rally]]
|}

==Transport==
In 1843 the railway from [[Paris]] reached the region.
The département is connected to the adjacent [[Eure]] department via the [[Tancarville Bridge|Tancarville]] and [[Pont de Normandie]] bridge crossings of the [[Seine]].

== Culture ==
''[[Madame Bovary]]'' by [[Gustave Flaubert]] is set in Seine Maritime.

The novel ''La Place'' by [[Annie Ernaux]] largely takes place in Seine-Maritime and describes events and changes that take place in relation to French society in the 20th century especially in relation to the rural population.

The first story of the long-running series ''[[Valérian and Laureline]]'' is set in Seine-Maritime, with the character Laureline originating from the area.

[[Cauchois dialect|Cauchois]] is the dialect of the Pays de Caux, and is one of the most vibrant forms of the [[Norman language]] beyond [[Cotentinais]].

==Tourism==
<gallery>
File:Rouen Cathedral as seen from Gros Horloge 140215 4.jpg|[[Rouen Cathedral|Notre-Dame]] of [[Rouen]]
File:Blockhaus Fécamp (3) 0018.JPG|Element of the [[Atlantic Wall]] near [[Fécamp]]
File:LeHavre.jpg|Entirely destroyed during [[World War II]], [[Le Havre]] has been rebuilt in [[Modernism|modernist style]]
File:L'Aiguille et la Porte d'Aval-Etretat-Normandie.jpg|Limestone cliffs of [[Étretat]]
File:Le Jardin jungle en normandie.jpg|the [[Jardin Jungle Karlostachys|jardin jungle]] of [[Eu, Seine-Maritime|Eu]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Arrondissements of the Seine-Maritime department]]
* [[Cantons of the Seine-Maritime department]]
* [[Communauté de communes d'Yères et Plateaux]]
* [[Communes of the Seine-Maritime department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.seinemaritime.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.seine-maritime.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.communes76.com/ Communes 76]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Seine-Maritime| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Normandy]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]