Editing Savoie

{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{About|the French department|the neighboring department to its north|Haute-Savoie|the historical region of Savoy, see [[Savoy]]. For other uses of "Savoie"|Savoie (disambiguation)|other uses of "Savoy"|Savoy (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Savoie
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name             = {{native name|frp|Savouè}}
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1c = Préfecture de la Savoie.JPG
| photo1b = Mont La Plagne (Dec. 2008).jpg
| photo2a = 2017.01.21.-02-Paradiski-La Plagne-Dos Rond--Blick Richtung Les Arcs.jpg
| photo1a = Tresserve depuis les Mottets (été 2016).JPG
| photo4a = Grande Rue de Moûtiers-2 (2019).jpg
| photo3a = Grand Bec Grande Casse et dômes de la Vanoise roc de la Valette.JPG
| photo4b = 2017-01 Tignes 02.jpg
| size = 270
| spacing = 2
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| image_alt               = 
| image_caption = From top down: [[Tresserve]] on the [[Lac du Bourget]], [[La Plagne]], [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Chambéry]], [[Les Arcs]] ski station, [[Vanoise National Park]], [[Moûtiers Cathedral]] and [[Tignes]]
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| map_caption             = Location of Savoie in France
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| coordinates             = {{coord|45|35|N|6|20|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
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| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Chambéry]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Albertville]]<br>[[Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = [[Hervé Gaymard]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
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| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6028
| area_note               = 
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| elevation_m             = 1595
| elevation_min_m         = 208
| elevation_max_m         = 3855
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|57th]]
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| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 73
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of the Savoie department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Savoie department|19]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Savoie department|273]]
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| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| image_blank_emblem      = Savoie (73), logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type       = Logo
}}

'''Savoie''' ({{IPA|fr|savwa|pron}}; [[Franco-Provençal|Arpitan]]: ''Savouè'' or ''Savouè-d'Avâl''; [[English language|English]]: ''Savoy'' {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|v|ɔɪ}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]], Southeastern [[France]]. Located in the [[French Alps]], its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Chambéry]]. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep73.pdf Populations légales 2019: 73 Savoie], INSEE</ref>

Together with [[Haute-Savoie]], it is one of the two departments of the historical region of [[Savoy]]; the [[Duchy of Savoy]] was annexed by France in 1860, following the signature of the [[Treaty of Turin (1860)|Treaty of Turin]]. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to [[French cuisine]], with culinary specialities such as [[Cheese fondue from Savoy|fondue savoyarde]], [[tartiflette]], [[génépi]], as well as various sorts of [[saucisson]].

==History==
It is widely accepted{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} that Savoie takes its name from the [[Latin]] ''Sapaudia'' or ''Sabaudia'', meaning land covered in [[fir]] trees. Savoie was long part of the states of [[Savoy]]; though beginning in the 16th century, it was occupied by [[France]] several times. It was integrated into the [[Mont-Blanc (department)|Mont-Blanc]] [[Departments of France|department]] from 1792 to 1815 (and partially into the [[Léman (department)|Léman]] department from 1798 to 1814). The province was [[Treaty of Turin (1860)|annexed]] by France in 1860. The former [[Duchy of Savoy]] became the two departments of Savoie and [[Haute-Savoie]].

[[Moûtiers]], capital of the former [[province of Tarentaise Valley]] (French: ''Vallée de la Tarentaise''), ceased to be a [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] following a law that took effect on 10 September 1926.

Savoie hosted the [[1992 Winter Olympics]], based in [[Albertville]] with ski events at [[Tarentaise Valley|Tarentaise]] and [[Beaufortain]]. The coat of arms for Savoie was used as a pattern for the flames in the official emblem of the games.<ref name="OlympicEmb">{{cite web |title=Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics - Emblem |url=https://www.olympic.org/albertville-1992#emblem |website=Olympic Games |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204074035/https://www.olympic.org/albertville-1992#emblem |archive-date=4 December 2018 |language=en |date=3 October 2018}}</ref>

The other main alpine valley is the [[Maurienne]], connected to the Tarentaise  valley by two passes, the [[col de la Madeleine]] and the highest pass in Europe, the [[col de l'Iseran]]. The Maurienne valley was through the [[col du Mont Cenis]], the major commercial route between France and Italy. It is one of the longest intra-alpine valleys in the Alps.

==Geography==
Savoie is part of the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]] established on 1 January 2016. It was previously part of [[Rhône-Alpes]]. It borders the departments of [[Haute-Savoie]], [[Ain]], [[Isère]] and [[Hautes-Alpes]] in addition to the [[Aosta Valley]] and the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]] in [[Italy]].

Much of Savoie is covered by mountains:
*[[Mont Blanc Massif]]
*[[Belledonne]] Massif
*[[Lauzière massif]]
*[[Aiguilles d'Arves]] Massif
*[[Massif des Cerces]]
*[[Aravis Range]]
*[[Mont Cenis]] Massif
*[[Bauges]] Massif
*[[Chartreuse Mountains|Chartreuse]] Massif
*[[Vanoise Massif]]
*[[Beaufortain]] Massif

The department is crossed by the [[Isère (river)|Isère river]], which has its source in the Iseran pass. Its two main lakes are [[Lac du Bourget]] (the largest and deepest lake entirely in France) and [[Lac d'Aiguebelette]], one of the least polluted in France due to a 1976 law forbidding any use of [[motorboat]]s on the lake.

<gallery>
File:Relief Savoie.GIF|[[Cartographic relief depiction|Relief map]] of [[Savoy]]
File:Paysage de l'avant-pays savoyard.jpg|Low elevation: the Savoie frontcountry
File:Plateau du mariet - arith - 1.JPG|Mid elevation: Mariet plateau in the [[Bauges Massif]]
File:Aime_(vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale).JPG|High elevation: the village of [[Aime]]
</gallery>

===Climate===
Most of the department features an [[alpine climate]] or a [[subalpine climate]]. At lower altitudes and in the valleys, the climate is [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Dfb) or even [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] in the frontcounrty and [[lake Bourget]] area ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cfb), using the {{convert|0|C|F|abbr=on}} isotherm.

==Economy==
According to the Chambéry chamber of commerce, close to 50% of the department's wealth comes from tourism. Each year, Savoie hosts over 30 million visitor-nights of tourists. Savoie also profits from its natural resources with particular strengths in ore processing and [[hydroelectric power]].

Savoie had an exceptionally high export/import ratio of 214% in 2005. Its exports rose to €1.768 billion and €825 million in imports. Its leading exports were [[steel]], [[aluminum]], and electric and electronic components.

===Agriculture===
Savoie is famous for its cows, which produce numerous [[cheese]]s, some of them are:
*[[Beaufort (cheese)|Beaufort]]
*[[Gruyère (cheese)|Savoie gruyère]]
*[[Reblochon]]
*[[Abbaye de Tamié]]
*[[Tome des Bauges]]
*[[Tomme de Savoie]]

Numerous wine grapes are also grown in Savoie. The most famous wines are made of [[Gamay]], [[Pinot noir]] and [[Mondeuse]] grapes. Fruit production is the third largest component of agriculture in Savoie.

Apples and pears are also produced in the region and are well known for their qualities.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/73his.html|title=Historique de la Savoie|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-73|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|25=1861|26=275,039|27=1872|28=267,958|29=1881|30=266,438|31=1891|32=263,297|33=1901|34=254,781|35=1911|36=247,890|37=1921|38=225,034|39=1931|40=235,544|41=1936|42=239,115|43=1946|44=235,965|45=1954|46=252,192|47=1962|48=266,678|49=1968|50=288,921|51=1975|52=305,118|53=1982|54=323,675|55=1990|56=348,261|57=1999|58=373,258|59=2006|60=403,100|61=2011|62=418,949|63=2016|64=429,681}}
Residents of Savoie are known as ''Savoyards'', though they can also be called ''Savoisiens'' (the historical name) or ''Savoyens''.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Chambéry]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 8 communes with more than 7,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-,
| [[Chambéry]]†
| style="text-align: center;" | 58,917
|-
| [[Aix-les-Bains]]†
| style="text-align: center;" | 30,463
|-
| [[Albertville]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,502
|-
| [[La Motte-Servolex]]†
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,120
|-
| [[La Ravoire]]†
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,530
|-
| [[Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,621
|-
| [[Bourg-Saint-Maurice]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,195
|-
| [[Ugine]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,096
|-
| colspan=2|† part of Chambéry [[urban unit|agglomeration]]
|}

The "average" (see [[arithmetic mean]]) population density is not a good indicator: the valleys tend to be much more densely populated, whereas the mountains tend to be near-completely uninhabited.

===Religion===
The [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]] in Savoie is divided into three [[diocese]]s: Chambéry, Maurienne, and Tarentaise. Together, they form an [[archdiocese]], in which the [[bishop of Chambéry]] is the [[archbishop]].

==Politics==
===Departmental Council of Savoie===
{{see also|2015 French departmental elections}}
The [[Departmental Council (France)|Departmental Council]] of Savoie has 38 seats. 30 councillors are part of the J'aime la Savoie ("I love Savoie") right-wing group; 8 councillors are part of the Savoie pour Tous ("Savoie for All") left-wing group. [[Hervé Gaymard]] ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]) has been [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]] since 2008. [[Thierry Repentin]] ([[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]) has been Opposition Leader since 1998.

===Members of the National Assembly===
{{See also|List of deputies from Savoie}}
Savoie elected the following [[Member of Parliament (France)|members]] of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] during the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Savoie's 1st constituency]]
| [[Typhanie Degois]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Savoie's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Vincent Rolland]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Savoie's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Émilie Bonnivard]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Savoie's 4th constituency]]
| [[Patrick Mignola]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|}

===Senators===
{{see also|List of senators of Savoie}}
Savoie is represented by two [[Senate (France)|Senators]] in [[French Parliament|Parliament]]. [[Jean-Pierre Vial]] and [[Martine Berthet]] have served since 1995 and 2017 respectively. Both are members of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR).

==Tourism==
Tourism, which is quite important to Savoie, began to develop towards the end of the 19th century, mostly summer oriented.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The increase in the popularity of [[skiing]] in the 20th century made Savoie home to the largest number of ski hills in France, including many famous ones:
*[[Val-d'Isère]]
*[[Tignes]]
*[[Les Arcs]]
*[[La Plagne]]
*[[Courchevel]]
*[[Méribel]]
*[[Valmorel]]
*[[Les Menuires]]
*[[Val Thorens]]
*[[Les Saisies]]
*[[Revard|Savoie Grand Revard]]
*[[Bramans]]
*[[Bessans]] 
*[[Valloire]]

[[Hydrotherapy]], practised in the region since [[classical antiquity|antiquity]], is also quite developed. There are four locations that are still active:
*[[Aix-les-Bains]]
*[[Challes-les-Eaux]]
*[[Brides-les-Bains]]
*[[La Léchère]]

<gallery>
File:Château des Ducs de Savoie - Chambéry.JPG|[[Chambéry]]
File:Palais de Savoie -Aix-les-Bains.JPG|Casino of [[Aix-les-Bains]]
File:Hautecombe.jpg|[[Hautecombe Abbey]] on the [[Lac du Bourget]]
File:Bonneval-sur-Arc vu depuis la route du col de l'Iseran (été 2019).JPG|[[Bonneval-sur-Arc]] in the [[Maurienne]] valley
File:Refuge des Aiguilles d'Arves, Savoie.jpg|[[Mountain hut|Refuge]] of the [[Aiguilles d'Arves]]
File:Service d'hiver en gare de Chambéry (2016).JPG|Trains in Savoie
</gallery>

==See also==

===History===
*[[Savoy]], historical region
*[[House of Savoy]], ruling dynasty of Savoy from 1032 to 1860
*[[Duchy of Savoy]], rulers of Savoy region from 1416 to 1720
*[[Kingdom of Sardinia]], 1720 to 1860

===Language===
*[[French language]]
*[[Franco-Provençal language]]

===Places===
*[[Communes of the Savoie department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Savoie department]]
*[[Cantons of the Savoie department]]
*[[Chambéry]]
*[[Aix-les-Bains]]
*[[Lac du Bourget]], the largest lake in France
*[[List of historical monuments in Savoy]]

===Wine===
*[[French wine]], AOC wine of Savoie
*[[Savoy wine]] or wine of Savoie Allobrogie

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|fr}} [https://www.savoie.fr/ Departmental Council website]
*{{in lang|fr}} [https://www.savoie.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144946/http://www.tourism.savoiehautesavoie.com/ Regional Tourism Agency]
*[http://www.supphoto.com/album-gallery/savoy/ Gallery Photos and pictures of Savoie]
*[http://tip2trip.com/france/chindrieux/savoie-mountains/ Photos of Savoie mountains]

{{Departments of France}}
{{UNPO}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Savoie| ]]
[[Category:Allobroges]]
[[Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]
[[Category:1860 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1860]]