Editing Sari Nusseibeh

{{Short description|Palestinian professor (born 1949)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sari Nusseibeh
| image =Sari Nusseibeh at 2012 Leipzig Book Fair.jpg
| caption = Sari Nusseibeh at 2012 [[Leipzig Book Fair]]
| birth_date = 1949
| birth_place = [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]
| nationality = Palestinian
| office = President of [[Al-Quds University]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = [[Palestinian National Authority]] Representative in [[Jerusalem]]
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 = December 2002
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| spouse = Lucy Austin
| children = 4
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Professor of Philosophy
}}
'''Sari Nusseibeh''' ({{langx|ar|سري نسيبة}}; born 1949) is a [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] professor of [[philosophy]] and former president of the [[Al-Quds University]] in Jerusalem. Until December 2002, he was the representative of the [[Palestinian National Authority]] in that city. In 2008, in an open online poll, Nusseibeh was voted the 24th most influential intellectual in the world on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals by ''[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect Magazine]]'' ([[UK]]) and ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' ([[United States]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Prospect Magazine|2008}}.</ref>

==Family background==
The Nusseibeh boast of a 1,300 year presence in Jerusalem, being descended from [[Ubayda ibn as-Samit]], the brother of [[Nusaybah bint Ka'ab]], a female warrior from the [[Banu Khazraj]] of Arabia, and one of the four women leaders of the 14 tribes of early [[Islam]]. Ubadya, a companion of [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]], was appointed the first Muslim high judge of Jerusalem after its conquest in 638 C.E., together with an obligation to keep the [[Calvary|Holy Rock of Calvary]] clean.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=18}}.</ref> Despite the noble origins, family tradition, in keeping with the belief that all great families have roots in brigandage, transmits a legend that their descent can also be traced through a long line of thieves.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=15}}.</ref>

According to family tradition, they  retained an exclusive right to the keys of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] down to the  [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period]], when the Joudeh family obtained a warrant to share possession.<ref>{{harvnb|Dekker|Medearis|2010|p=175}} The Joudeh family conserve a different version, according to which [[Saladin]] handed the keys over to their clan 10 days after [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|his conquest]] of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] from the [[Crusades|Crusaders]].Historic records attest to a transfer of the keys to a Muslim family, neutral to the contentious issue, when  squabbling Christian families could not agree on the right of possession. ({{harvnb|Masalha|2007|p=108}}).</ref> To this day, the [[Nusaybah family|Nusseibeh family]] are said to be trustees, and upon receiving the keys from a member of the Joudeh clan, the Nusseibeh are said to turn them over to the warden of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] around dawn every day.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=15–20}}.</ref> [[Moshe Amirav]] reports Nusseibeh as quipping, nonetheless, when replying in the negative to a query about his family's possession of the keys, that:'No, there is no longer any need for it. Jesus isn't there any more.'<ref>{{harvnb|Amirav|2009|p=200}}.</ref>

Nusseibeh's grandfather successively married into three different Palestinian families of notables, the Shihabi, noted for their scholarship; the [[Darwish]] of the powerful [[al-Husayni]] family; and to the [[Nashashibi]], and thus, in Nusseibeh's words: 'in a matter of a few years [...] managed to stitch together four ancient Jerusalem families, two of which were bitter rivals'.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=24}}</ref>

==Biography==
Nusseibeh was born in [[Damascus]], Syria, to the politician [[Anwar Nusseibeh]] who was a distinguished statesman, prominent in Palestinian and (after 1948) Palestinian-Jordanian politics and diplomacy. His mother, [[Nuzha Al-Ghussein]], daughter of Palestinian political leader [[Yaqub al-Ghusayn]] was born in [[Ramle]],<ref name="Remnick 2008 332">{{harvnb|Remnick|2008|p=332}}.</ref> into a family of [[Landed nobility|wealthy landed aristocrats]] with land in [[Wadi Hnein]] (now the Israeli town of [[Nes Ziona]]),<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=34}}.</ref> His mother had left Palestine in 1948 to avoid the fighting, and his father lost a leg when wounded while participating in the [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2008|p=198}}.</ref> They moved to Cairo some years later, where his father participated in the formation of the [[All-Palestine Government|First Palestine Government]] in exile.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2008|p=199}}.</ref> On returning to Jerusalem, he lived just a few hundred yards over the other side of [[No man's land]] from [[Amos Oz]], and in reading the latter's memoir of his upbringing, was struck by the profound differences between their respective experiences as children in the same city.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=11–12}}</ref> Their family owned farmland in [[Karameh]] which he helped till by driving a tractor during summer vacations. It was to be the site of what in Palestinian memory became known as the bloodbath of their [[Battle of Karameh|Palestinian Stalingrad]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=104–105}}.</ref> During Israel's conquest of the West Bank in the Six-Day War, Israel troops sacked the family home in Jerusalem, looting it of all of their heirlooms, though the family car was later returned.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=94–95}}.</ref> Some months later, the occupation authorities then expropriated the family's 200 acre country estate in the [[Jordan Valley (Middle East)|Jordan Valley]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=109,117,136}}.</ref>

In the fall of 1967, Nusseibeh went to study philosophy at [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. There he became friends with [[Avishai Margalit]], as well as Ahmad Walidi, the only other Palestinian undergraduate there at the time, and son of the distinguished scholar [[Walid Khalidi]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=104}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Benedikt|2004}}.</ref> It was a period marked by [[Protests of 1968|student revolutionary upheavals]] and it was at this time that Ahmad introduced him to the intricacies of Palestinian political factions, parodied in [[Monty Python]]'s ''[[The Life of Brian]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=104–105}}</ref> The summers he spent back in Jerusalem, where, in 1968 he began studying [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] did a stint of work at the [[HaZore'a]] [[kibbutz]],<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=113–115}}.</ref> and, the following year, was on hand to help quench the flames caused by Australian [[Christian fundamentalist]] arsonist [[Denis Michael Rohan|Michael Rohan]] when the latter tried to burn down the [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa Mosque]] by setting alight [[Saladin]]'s 1,000 year old [[Aleppo pulpit]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=118}}.</ref>

At Oxford, Nusseibeh met Lucy Austin, the daughter of British philosopher [[J. L. Austin|J.L. Austin]], and future founder of the [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] [[Middle East Nonviolence and Democracy|MEND]]. They were married in late 1973 by [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem|the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Sheikh Saad al-Din Jalal al-Alami]], and their marriage gave them four children: three sons, Jamal, Absal, Buraq, and one daughter, Nuzha.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2012|pp=130–132,232}}.</ref> While at Oxford Sari was much drawn to the [[Ordinary language philosophy|linguistic philosophy]] introduced by [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] and developed by Austin. After completing his Oxford degree, he spent a year at the [[Warburg Institute]] in London, after hearing a lecture by [[A. I. Sabra|Abdulhamid Sabra]] which attracted him to the study of the [[Muʿtazila|early Islamic school of Mu'tazilite logicians]], the thought of [[Al-Ghazali]] and the subsequent discursive victory of the latter, as formulated by the [[Ash'ari]] school of theologians.<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=121–128}}.</ref>

After a brief period working in [[Abu Dhabi]], Nusseibeh took up doctoral studies on the topic of [[Islamic Philosophy]] at from [[Harvard University]], beginning in the fall of 1974, and gained his Ph.D. in (1978).<ref name="Remnick 2008 332" /><ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=132–134}}.</ref> He returned to the West Bank in 1978 to teach at [[Birzeit University]] (where he remained as professor of philosophy until the university was closed from 1988 to 1990 during the [[First Intifada]]). At the same time, he taught classes in Islamic philosophy at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]. Through the early 1980s, he helped to organize the teachers' union at Birzeit, and served three terms as president of the union of faculty and staff there. Nusseibeh is also co-founder of the Federation of Employees in the Education Sector for all of the West Bank.

==Political activism==
Sari Nusseibeh has long been viewed as a Palestinian moderate. In July 1987, Nusseibeh and [[Faisal Husseini]] met with Moshe Amirav, a member of Israel's [[Likud Party]] becoming the first prominent Palestinians to meet with a member of the Israeli right. Amirav was testing the waters for a group close to then prime minister [[Yitzhak Shamir]] on the possibility of making a historic pact with the [[PLO]] and [[Fatah]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=253}}</ref>

After years of working toward the establishment of a functioning Palestinian state alongside the state of Israel, Nusseibeh was by 2011 referring to the two-state solution as a "fantasy".<ref name="Spiegel 2012">{{harvnb|Spiegel|2012}}.</ref> In ''What's A Palestinian State Worth?'' (Harvard University Press, 2011) he called for a "thought experiment" of a single state in which Israel annexed all the territories, and Palestinians would be "second-class citizens" with "civil but not political rights" in which "Jews could run the country while the Arabs could live in it."<ref name="El Moussaoui 2012">{{harvnb|El Moussaoui|2012}}.</ref> This specific suggestion has  been dismissed as "disingenuous".<ref>{{harvnb|Shulman|2012}}.</ref> During this time, Nusseibeh has been speaking of steps toward one version or another of a single-state solution, such as a binational state.<ref name="El Moussaoui 2012"/><ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2014}}.</ref>

===The First Intifada===
Nusseibeh was also an important leader during the [[First Intifada]], authoring the Palestinian Declaration of Principles<ref>see ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', Vol. 17, No. 3, Spring 1988, p.63–65 for the text of the Declaration of Principles, also known as the Fourteen Demands</ref> and working to strengthen the [[Fatah]] movement in the West Bank; Nusseibeh helped to author the "inside" Palestinians' declaration of independence issued in the First Intifada, and to create the 200 political committees and 28 technical committees that were intended to as an embryonic infrastructure for a future Palestinian administration.

===First Gulf War===
Following the firing of [[Scud missile]]s at Tel Aviv, Nusseibeh worked with Israeli [[Peace Now]] on a common approach to condemn the killing of civilians in the war. But he was arrested and placed under administrative detention on 29 January 1991, effectively accused of being an Iraqi agent.<ref name="King 2007 180">{{harvnb|King|2007|p=180}}.</ref> The arrest was then questioned by British and American officials, and the U.S. administration urged that he should either be charged or else the suspicion would be that the arrest was political. He was adopted as a [[prisoner of conscience]] by [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{harvnb|Amnesty International|1991}}.</ref> and letters of protest were written to ''[[The Times]]'' by academics including [[Peter Strawson]], [[Isaiah Berlin]] and [[H. L. A. Hart]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|p=163}}.</ref> Some Israelis said the move  was designed to discredit Nusseibeh before international opinion.<ref name="King 2007 180" /> Palestinians saw the arrest as a political warning that Israel did not intend to negotiate with any Palestinian leader, no matter how moderate. For example, [[Saeb Erekat]] of [[An-Najah University]] said: "This is a message to us Palestinian moderates. The message is, 'You can forget about negotiations after the war because we are going to make sure there is no one to talk to'". He was released without charge shortly after the end of the war, after 90 days of imprisonment in [[Ramla|Ramle Prison]].<ref>{{harvnb|Nusseibeh|2009|pp=314–321}}.</ref>

===Peace initiatives and activities since 2000===
Nusseibeh was not politically active during much of the [[Oslo Peace Process]] but was appointed as the [[PLO]] Representative in [[Jerusalem]] in 2001.<ref name="Eldar 2002">{{harvnb|Eldar|2002}}.</ref> During this period Nusseibeh began to strongly suggest that Palestinians give up their [[Palestinian right of return|Right of Return]] in exchange for a Palestinian state in the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>[http://www.shaml.org/ground/Nusseibeh/sari_nuss/What%20Next.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523133643/http://www.shaml.org/ground/Nusseibeh/sari_nuss/What%20Next.htm|date=May 23, 2007}}</ref> A number of Palestinian organizations have strongly condemned his views on this issue.<ref>[http://www.badil.org/Publications/Monographs/Remarks.Nusseibeh.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927084134/http://www.badil.org/Publications/Monographs/Remarks.Nusseibeh.pdf|date=September 27, 2007}}</ref>

Nusseibeh criticised the militarization of the intifada in January 2002 and called for the renunciation of suicide bombings and the establishment of Palestine as a demilitarized state: "A Palestinian state should be demilitarized—not because that's what Israel demands, but in our own interest." Some senior Israel figures, such as [[Uzi Landau]] rebuffed the proposal as a trick.<ref>{{harvnb|BBC|2002}}.</ref>

In 2002 Sari Nusseibeh and former [[Shin Bet]] director, [[Ami Ayalon]] published [[The People's Voice]], an Israeli-Palestinian civil initiative that aims to advance the process of achieving peace between Israel and the Palestinians, and a draft peace agreement that called for a Palestinian state based on Israel's 1967 borders and for a compromise on the Palestinian Right of Return. The People's Voice Initiative was officially launched on June 25, 2003.

In 2002, Yasser Arafat appointed Nusseibeh as the PLO's representative in East Jerusalem, a position he assumed after the sudden death of Faisal Husseini.<ref name="Eldar 2002"/>

In 2008, Nusseibeh said that the quest for the [[two-state solution]] was floundering. He called on Palestinians to start a debate on the idea of a [[one-state solution]].<ref>Ross, Oakland. [https://www.thestar.com/news/palestinians-revive-idea-of-one-state-solution/article_5810a3b1-1e17-59b8-969e-05dc2e5302d8.html Palestinians revive idea of one-state solution]. ''The Toronto Star''.</ref>

==Affiliations==
Nusseibeh is head and founder of the ''Palestinian Consultancy Group'', co-founder and member of several Palestinian institutions including the ''Jerusalem Friends of the Sick Society'', the ''Federation of Employees in the Education Sector in the West Bank'', the ''Arab Council for Public Affairs'', the ''Committee Confronting the Iron Fist'', and the ''Jerusalem Arab Council''. He is also on the advisory board of The International Center for Ethics, Justice and Public Life at [[Brandeis University]].<ref>[http://www.palestinecampaign.org/archives.asp?xid=921] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928110448/http://www.palestinecampaign.org/archives.asp?xid=921|date=September 28, 2007}}</ref>

Internationally, Nusseibeh is a member of the McGill Middle East Program's Executive and Management Committees. In November 2007, following the publication of ''Once Upon a Country: A Palestinian Life'', he traveled to Montreal, Canada, to lecture on the MMEP and his vision of peace.

==See also==
{{Portal|Palestine|Biography}}
* [[Nusaybah (disambiguation)]]
* [[The People's Voice]]
* [[Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
* [[Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs]]
* [[List of peace activists]]

==Endnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
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*{{Cite news|title = Interview with Sari Nusseibeh
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*{{Cite news|title = Arafat deposes Sari Nusseibeh as Jerusalem chief
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|first = Akiva
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|publisher = Haaretz
|date = 20 December 2002
|url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/arafat-deposes-sari-nusseibeh-as-jerusalem-chief-1.24813
|access-date = 23 September 2011
}}
*{{Cite news|title = Interview with Sari Nusseibeh: Plea for Radical Pragmatism
|last=Nusseibeh
|first=Sari
|editor-last = El Moussaoui
|editor-first= Naima
|publisher = [[Qantara.de]] 
|date = 6 September 2012
|url = http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-sari-nusseibeh-plea-for-radical-pragmatism
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|last = Nusseibeh
|first = Sari
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|editor2-last =Nusseibeh
|editor2-first =Sari
|publisher = BRILL
|year = 2000
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|access-date = 23 September 2011
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|editor1-last = Mayer
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|editor2-last = Mourad  
|editor2-first = Suleiman A.
|publisher = Routledge 
|year = 2008
|pages = 198–204
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}}
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|first = Sari
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|publisher = Halban Publishers
|location = London
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|orig-year = 2007
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|first = Sari
|author-link = Sari Nusseibeh
|publisher = Harvard University Press  
|year = 2012
|isbn = 978-0-674-05949-8 
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fZJGo34YUmcC&pg=PA232
|access-date = 7 January 2016
}}
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|first1=Sari
|editor1-last=Doerry
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|editor2-last=von Mittelstädt
|editor2-first =Juliane
|publisher = [[Der Spiegel]] 
|date = 21 February 2012
|url = http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/a-palestinian-take-on-the-mideast-conflict-the-pursuit-of-a-two-state-solution-is-a-fantasy-a-816491.html
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 |first= Sari
 |publisher = [[Haaretz]] 
 |date =25 June 2014
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 |access-date = 9 January 2016
}}
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|author-link=David Remnick
|chapter = Rage and reason:Saari Nusseibeh and the PLO
|publisher = Pan Macmillan
|year = 2008
|pages =330–344
|isbn = 978-0-330-47129-9 
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2qHnZvLuhcYC&pg=PA332  
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 |publisher = [[New York Review of Books]] 
 |date =24 February 2012
 |url = http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/feb/24/israel-palestine-breaking-silence/
 |access-date = 7 January 2016
}}

{{refend}}

* Sylvia Murphy, ''Candy's Children'' (Novel) partially set in a remembered Palestine. (S.A.Greenland Imprint, 2007) {{ISBN|978-0-9550512-1-0}}

==Published writings==

===Books===
*''No Trumpets, No Drums: A Two-State Solution of the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict,'' New York: [[Farrar, Straus and Giroux#Current imprints|Hill & Wang]], 1991
*''Once Upon a Country: A Palestinian Life,'' written with Anthony David; New York: [[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]], London: Halban Publishers, 2007 {{ISBN|978-1-905559-05-3}}
*''Palestine: A State is Born (Selections of Newspapers/Magazines articles between 1987-1990 )'' Palestine Information Office :The Hague, 1990.
*{{cite book |title=What Is a Palestinian State Worth? |year=2011 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-04873-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whatispalestinia0000nuss/page/234 234] |url=https://archive.org/details/whatispalestinia0000nuss/page/234 }}
*''The Story of Reason in Islam''. Stanford University Press, 2016. {{ISBN|978-0-804-79461-9}}

===Other works===
*A Formula for Narrative Selection: A Commentary on Writing the Arab- Israeli Conflict, Perspectives on Politics, Vol 3/No1 (March, 2005)
*The Limit Of Reason (or Why Dignity is not Negotiable), APA Newsletters, (Vo.04, Number1), 2004.
*Singularidad y pluralidad en la identidad: el caso del prisionero palestino, La Pluralidad y sus atributos (Fundacion Duques de Soria) 2002.
*Personal and National Identity: A Tale of Two Wills. Philosophical Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, ed. Tomas Kapitan, (Armonk, N.Y., and London: Sharpe, N.E.) 1997.
*Epistemology, The Routledge History of Islamic Philosophy, ed. Oliver Leaman.( London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul), 1995.
*Al-Hurriyyah Bayn Alhadd Wa’l Mutlaq (Absolute and Restricted Freedom). London: Al-Saqi, 1995.
*Al-Hizb al-Siyasi Wa’l dimoqratiyyah (Political Parties and Democracy). In Azmat al-hizb al-Siyasi al-Falastini.( Ramallah: Muwatin) 1996
*Can Wars be Just? in But Was It Just? Reflections on the Morality of the Gulf War, with Jean Elshtaine, et al. (New York: Doubleday) 1992.
*Review of F. Zimmermann's Al-Farabi's Commentary and Short Treatise on Aristotle's De Interpretatione, History and Philosophy of Logic, 13 (1992), 115–132.
*Al-Aql Al Qudsi: Avicenna's Subjective Theory of Knowledge. Studia Islamica (1989), 39–54.
*Selections (including translations) from the Holy Qur'an. In Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 15th ed., 1984.
*Review of Islamic Life and Thought, by S. A. Nasr.( TLS) March 1982:267.
*Masharif al-Mantiq (Introductory Symbolic Logic). (Jerusalem: Arab Studies Society) 1982.
*On Subatomic Particles and Scientific Posits, with Basheer El-Issa. (Birzeit Journal of Chemistry) 1981.
*Avicenna : Medicine and Scepticism. Koroth Vol.8, No 1- 2 (1981): 9-20.
*Quelques figures et themes de la Philosophie Islamique. Review in Asian and African Studies 14 (1980), 207–209.
*[[Herbert Marcuse]] wa’l metamarxiyyah." Al-Jadid, July 1

== External links ==

* [http://sari.alquds.edu/ Sari Nusseibeh's web page]
* [https://www.npr.org/programs/atc/features/2001/oct/011018.nusseibeh.html NPR interview] on Oct 18, 2001.
* [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1177514491787&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull One on One with Sari Nusseibeh: Once upon a conflict] - interview with [[The Jerusalem Post]] 26 April 2007
* [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011859.html Haaretz interview, Aug. 15, 2008]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028092138/http://www.geocities.com/lawrenceofcyberia/palbios/pa09000.html |date=October 28, 2009 |title=Biography }}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906102748/http://en.qantara.de:80/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-983/i.html|date=September 6, 2010|title=Interview with Sari Nusseibeh "Human Values Unite, Religious Values Divide!"}}
* [http://www.reasonpapers.com/archives/ Symposium: Sari Nusseibeh's "What Is a Palestinian State Worth?", Reason Papers: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies, October 2012, pp. 15-69]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nusseibeh, Sari}}
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[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
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[[Category:20th-century Palestinian politicians]]
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